scholarly journals Fredrik Franson (1852—1908): Promoter of Mission in Southern Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ulrich Reifler ◽  
Christof Sauer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Holiness Movement ◽  
Evangelical Church ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Independent Churches ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

Fredrik Franson (1852–1908), a dual citizen of Sweden and the USA and an international revival evangelist, is among the most significant mission founders and mobilisers of the Holiness Movement during the last quarter of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Within 22 years he founded 15 faith missions, four free-church federations in Europe and North America and several independent churches in the USA, New Zealand and Australia. This article focuses on the episodes of his life relating to southern Africa, namely the sending of the first missionaries of the Free East Africa Mission, the Scandinavian Alliance Mission of North America, and the founding of the Evangelical Church in Swaziland in 1893. Furthermore, it deals with Franson’s evangelistic campaigns in southern Africa, his visits to mission stations, participation in mission conferences and his partnership with Andrew Murray, Worcester, between spring 1906 and summer 1907. The article closes with a brief reflection of the lasting impact of Franson and his missionaries in southern Africa.

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

scholarly journals Meteor Studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sporadic Meteors ◽  
Important Milestone

Historically meteor astronomy is one area where amateurs have always been able to make significant contributions. In fact, in the 19th century, it was amateur naked eye and telescopic observations which laid down much of the foundations of meteor astronomy. References to this work can be found in any textbook on meteors. The 19th century observers concentrated on counting meteors, estimating magnitudes and plotting the meteor paths on star maps. Their main interest was to determine hourly rates and shower radiants. An important milestone was Denning’s radiant catalogue (Denning 1882), which included 4367 shower radiants. Although it is now believed that many of these radiants are spurious, the catalogue is still a useful reference. Unfortunately Denning and other 19th century observers often combined sporadic meteors observed on different nights into a minor stream radiant. This habit of “radiant hunting” is even today quite popular among some amateur observers. However, in all fairness it should be emphasized that most of the 20th century amateur meteor observers applied very strict criteria to their radiant determinations. Names such as J.M. Prentice in Great Britain, R.A. McIntosh in New Zealand and R. Rigollet in France may be mentioned.

Thekopsora areolata (cherry spruce rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract T. areolata is a heteroecious rust fungus; an obligate parasite with stages of its life cycle on cones of Picea species and leaves of Prunus spp. Reported from Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native or introduced, and Australia and New Zealand, where such species are introduced. Although usually not a major problem in its native range, this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected cones carrying aeciospores. The one known introduction to North America involved a tree of Prunus sp. in a garden, from which there was no documented spread.

Measurements in the Future: Beyond the 20th Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

This article presents a brief history of psychometrics and the development in the USA shortly after the end of World War II of university graduate programs to educate and train psychometricians. Three decades later these programs in North America were on a steady decline. But, at the same time there was a surge in universities abroad in producing well-trained psychometricians, particularly in Western European countries, especially The Netherlands. Broad implications of the effect of this movement on psychological testing are suggested.

Biologism in Psychiatry

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Silove
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Zealand Journal ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Biological Model ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Study Visit ◽  
The Usa

A recent study visit to North America impressed on me the seriousness with which Australian psychiatry should consider the recent ideological shift in the USA to an extreme biological model of mental disorders [1]. There is increasing evidence that proponents of this model are not simply promoting the value of biological research (with which few psychiatrists would quibble), but that the field is at risk of being overwhelmed by a reductionistic “biologism” which assumes an organic causation for all abnormal human behaviour. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1190; 24: 461–463

scholarly journals Funkjonowanie pojęcia „pan” w kulturze wiejskiej Królestwa Polskiego końca XIX w.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Maria Krisań
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century

Celem artykułu jest próba rekonsktrukcji pojęcia „pan”, jakie ukształtowało się i funkcjonowało w wyobraźni środowiska wiejskiego pod koniec XIX w. Podstawą do badań są: listy chło- pów-emigrantów do Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych z lat 1890–1891, korespondencja ukazująca się na łamach czasopisma „Gazeta Świąteczna” wydawanego w Warszawie od 1881 r., pamiętniki chłopskie oraz dane etnograficzne zebrane na ziemiach Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX–XX w. A Master in the Eyes of a Peasant in the Kingdom of Poland in the Second Half of the 19th Century The aim of the article is to reconstruct the notion of a “master”, which was shaped and functioned in the minds of peasants in the end of the 19th century. The research is based on: letters of peasants who emigrated to Brazil and the USA from the years 1890–1891, letters published in “Gazeta Świąteczna” [The Holiday Gazette] published in Warsaw since 1881, peasants’ diaries, and ethnography data collected in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century.

Pilosella aurantiaca (orange hawkweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislaine Cortat ◽  
Gitta Grosskopf
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Vegetation Loss

Abstract P. aurantiaca is a perennial herb which has spread rapidly in North America after its introduction as an ornamental and/or the contamination of pasture seeds from its native range in Europe. Although it is known to be a noxious weed elsewhere, it continues to be available as a garden ornamental and is therefore likely to spread further. It is an undesirable invader on account of its competitiveness, prolific seed production and vigorous vegetative growth leading to a drastic change in vegetation, loss in forage for stock, and loss of biodiversity. All Hieracium/Pilosella species are prohibited entry to Australia and New Zealand, and in the USA, P. aurantiaca is a declared weed in Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota and Washington.

Tanacetum vulgare (tansy).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
Native Habitats

Abstract T. vulgare is an aromatic perennial herb native to much of Europe and parts of Asia. It has been introduced into Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Guadeloupe, Martinique, New Zealand, Peru and the USA. In many parts of its exotic range, T. vulgare is neither an ecological nor an economical problem. In the northern temperate zone of North America (in particular in Canada), T. vulgare has become a noxious dominant weed in pastures, hay fields, riparian habitats and wastelands. Here, the perennial competes with both biennial and perennial herbs, as well as with grasses. It can displace native habitats and reduce the diversity of plants and insects. Due to its toxicity to livestock, particularly cattle, positive selection can be observed when T. vulgare grows under the conditions of grazing.

scholarly journals Historical origins of Brazilian relative backwardness

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE RANDS BARROS
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Major Period ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Origins

This paper relies on some data to identify the 19th century as the major period in which Brazil economy lagged behind some chosen benchmarking countries, as the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and some European periphery countries. To identify the reasons for this an exercise using immigration data was used to make a decomposition of the sources of growth of the proportion of the USA per capita GDP to the Brazilian one. The results indicate that the imported human capital was responsible for 59% to 88% of this total growth between 1820 and 1900.

scholarly journals Russian Classics in the USA Transcultural Canon

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Evgeniya M. Butenina
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The issue of the canon (the most studied and taught classics) is one of the most important in the world literature system. The paper briefly outlines the formation of the USA literary canon since the middle of the 19th century and details the formation of the Russian segment in the transcultural canon since the late 20th century. In the history of the USA canon formation, the institutional or sociological model (Jonathan Culler, Stanley Fish, Paul Lauter), which argues that social institutions respond to ideological demands, and the aesthetic model embodied by Harold Blooms Shakespeare-centered Western Canon stand out. An up-to-date approach to the canon assumes taking both models into account, as well as the perception of the canon as cultural memory. Anthologies are most important sources of documenting the canon. For the 20th century American literature researchers distinguish three phases formed by the leading literary trends: historiographic (1919-1946), new critical (1947-1967) and multicultural (1967- present). Based on the analysis of Norton and Longman anthologies, as well as a popular textbook The Bedford Introduction to Literature since the late 20th century to the present, the paper highlights the Russian core in the USA transcultural canon, which became the source of creative reinterpretation in contemporary literature. The present research is to be continued through the study of the Russian literature canon in specialized editions to outline a comprehensive history of the Russian-American cultural transfer.

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