Spot blotch: A journey from minor to major threat of wheat

Abstract The phenomenon of color revolutions has occupied a prominent place in Russian politics for a good reason. The major threat of color revolutions as modern political warfare designed by Western countries deeply affected the political process in Russia since 2005. It may have appeared that the imperative of resisting them was the result of a non-democratic regime reacting to neighboring countries’ uprisings. Some portrayed it as authoritarian learning. This paper suggests that the counteractions stemmed from the interests of disunited Russian elite groups who were seeking opportunities to reinforce their dominance and capitalize on the idea of significant external threats. The phenomenon reshaped the balance within elite groups and led to the consolidation of law enforcement networks on the eve of Putin’s third term. Further, the prevailing perception of color revolutions discouraged any elite splits that could lead to proto-democratic rules.

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The role of nitrogen in transforming British agricultural productivity production prior to and during the First World War

Global Environment ◽

10.3197/ge.2020.130304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 583-609

Author(s):

John Martin

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

First World War ◽

World War ◽

Coal Gas ◽

Major Threat ◽

The First World War ◽

Food Shortages ◽

War Effort ◽

First World

This paper explores the reasons why artificial or mineral sources of nitrogen, which were more readily available in Britain than in other European countries, were only slowly adopted by farmers in the decades prior to and during the First World War. It considers why nitrogen in the form of sulphate of ammonia, a by-product of coal-gas (town-gas) manufacture, was increasingly exported from Britain for use by German farmers. At the same time Britain was attempting to monopolise foreign supplies of Chilean nitrate, which was not only a valuable source of fertiliser for agriculture but also an essential ingredient of munitions production. The article also investigates the reasons why sulphate of ammonia was not more widely used to raise agricultural production during the First World War, at a time when food shortages posed a major threat to public morale and commitment to the war effort.

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Drug Abuse in Schools

Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) ◽

10.35544/jjeoshs.v1i1.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey Karimi Njogu

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Not Given ◽

Final Solution ◽

Tropical Africa ◽

Major Threat ◽

Decisive Action ◽

Drug Challenge ◽

Opening Up

The article sets out to unveil the challenge of drugs in Njega and Kamuiru secondary schools of Kenya. With drug challenge becoming the single major threat to the entire education system in tropical Africa, the sampling of the two schools will help in opening up the matter for decisive action by the relevant stakeholders. Methodologically, the article begins by theorizing the issues regarding drug menace as it wonders: Why do teens engage in this vice? What are the practical effects of drug abuse? And more importantly, what can we do to arrest the challenge? Even though the article has not given the final solution on how it can comprehensively be tackled, it has however opened up possibilities that can lead to the final onslaught. The materials in this article are gathered via oral interviews, some selected readings, participant observation especially through visiting the specific sites, and through critical analysis.

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Quercetin and its relative therapeutic potential against COVID-19: A retrospective review and prospective overview

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524020999200918150630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Saiyad Bastaminejad ◽

Salar Bakhtiyari

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 6 ◽

Retrospective Review ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Emerging Disease ◽

Global Community ◽

Major Threat ◽

Main Challenge

: COVID-19 is an emerging disease that is a major threat to the global community. The main challenge in this disease is the lack of proper or proven medication. The drugs used to treat this disease are only for symptomatic treatment. Studies of other coronaviruses, such as SARS and MERS, suggest that quercetin has sufficient potential to treat COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that quercetin reduces the entry of the virus into the cell by blocking the ACE2 receptor, as well as reducing the level of interleukin-6 in SARS and MERS patients. Therefore, the aim of this review was to scrutinize the potential of quercetin as a drug in the treatment of COVID-19 from a molecular perspective.

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Successful Control of a Co-Infection Caused by Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Keratitis

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526520666200318111957 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Debarati Paul ◽

Suman Saha ◽

Neelam Singh ◽

Jayansgu Sengupta ◽

Santi M. Mandal

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Specific Interaction ◽

Major Threat ◽

Effective Combination ◽

Male Farmer ◽

Successful Control ◽

The Right ◽

Corneal Button

Introduction: Nowadays, co-infection by interspecific organisms is major threat in infection control. To identify the effective combination of drugs to control the keratitis caused by Candida albicans with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are attributed in this study. Materilas and Methods: The patient of a 47 years old male farmer with infection in the right eye which showed redness and watering was treated with fortified cefazolin and fortified tobramycin before referral. No pigmentation or vascularisation was noted. The excised corneal button was also subjected to microbiological and histopathological examination. Results: A rare case of keratitis caused by co-infection of Candida albicans with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified. Results confirmed the inter-specific interaction of the two microorganisms. Conclusion: Cases of co-infection by Candida and Pseudomonas are not abundantly reported and difficult to treat. In this case, treatment involved Amphotercin-B and ciprofloxacin, effectively eradicated the infection. This therapy may be successfully implied for such cases of co-infection in future.

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First report of Bipolaris sorokiniana causing spot blotch of lentil in Algeria

New Disease Reports ◽

10.1002/ndr2.12009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. El Amine Kouadri ◽

A. Amine Bekkar ◽

S. Zaim

Keyword(s):

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Spot Blotch ◽

First Report

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Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-01577-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vicky Mody ◽

Joanna Ho ◽

Savannah Wills ◽

Ahmed Mawri ◽

Latasha Lawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Simulation Studies ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Major Threat ◽

Main Protease ◽

Approved Drugs ◽

Fda Approved Drugs ◽

Computational Molecular Modeling

AbstractEmerging outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major threat to public health. The morbidity is increasing due to lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific drugs. Herein, we have identified potential drugs that target the 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro), the main protease that is pivotal for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Computational molecular modeling was used to screen 3987 FDA approved drugs, and 47 drugs were selected to study their inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 specific 3CLpro enzyme in vitro. Our results indicate that boceprevir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir, tipranavir, ivermectin, and micafungin exhibited inhibitory effect towards 3CLpro enzymatic activity. The 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies showed that ivermectin may require homodimeric form of 3CLpro enzyme for its inhibitory activity. In summary, these molecules could be useful to develop highly specific therapeutically viable drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication either alone or in combination with drugs specific for other SARS-CoV-2 viral targets.

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Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262120000490 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Deep Shikha ◽

Chandani Latwal ◽

Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽

Anupama Singh ◽

Pawan K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Spot Blotch ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Elite Breeding Lines ◽

Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

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