scholarly journals HEALTH NEEDS OF NATIVE/INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY OF THE UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTITIONERS IN PERU AND OTHER PARTS OF THE AMERICAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Pinzón-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Limited Liability and the Public's Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Stephen P. Teret
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Corporations, through their products and behaviors, exert a strong effect on the wellbeing of populations. Public health practitioners and academics have long recognized the harms associated with some corporations’ products. For example, firearms are associated with approximately 30,000 deaths in the United States each year1 and over 200,000 deaths globally. Motor vehicles are associated with about 40,000 deaths in the United States each year and over 1.2 million deaths globally. Tobacco products kill about 438,000 people each year in the United States5 and about 4.9 million people worldwide. In addition to producing unsafe or harmful products, some corporations behave in ways that negatively impact the public’s health, such as marketing alcohol to youth and other vulnerable populations. Given these observations, one can conclude that it is possible to quantify the public health impact of individual industries, such as firearms, motor vehicles, tobacco, and alcohol. Health professionals can then target these individual industries to prevent or lessen the harms they cause.

How the Law Affects Gun Policy in the United States: Law as Intervention or Obstacle to Prevention

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. Vernick ◽  
Julie Samia Mair
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Policy ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
The Law ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Legal Force

In our experience, public health practitioners (rather than scholars) seeking to address a health problem often have just two very basic questions about the law: (1) how can I use the law to create new interventions, or improve existing ones, to protect the public’s health; and (2) will the law prevent me from successfully implementing certain interventions? In this way, the law is seen as either an opportunity for intervention to affect a public health problem, or an obstacle to enacting or implementing a desired intervention.In addition, because some public health practitioners may not fully understand the intricacies of a given legal area, some possible obstacles to intervention may be either real or perceived. A real legal obstacle is not necessarily an insurmountable one, but it does have genuine legal force. A perceived obstacle has little, if any, true legal application to a given kind of intervention.

Aligning Public Health Training and Practice in Evaluation: Implications and Recommendations for Educators

2021 ◽  
pp. 237337992110336
Author(s):  
Bree L. Hemingway ◽  
Sarah Douville ◽  
Leslie A. Fierro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Objective. This study aimed to understand the extent to which master of public health (MPH) graduates engage in evaluation on the job, to learn how MPH graduates implement evaluation, and to hear from MPH graduates about how their academic training prepared them for the evaluation work they perform. Methods. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Evaluation Framework, this convergent mixed-methods study included an online survey with 89 public health practitioners and follow-up interviews with 17 survey respondents. The study was performed in the United States during summer 2020. Results. In addition to participating in evaluation activities related to all six Centers for Disease Control and Prevention framework steps, MPH graduates engage in evaluation capacity building, evaluating for health equity and social justice, and funding activities. Participants noted a disconnect between academic preparation and community practice, were least confident in focusing the evaluation design, and most often used surveys to collect data. Conclusions. Public health practitioners commonly engage in evaluation activities but do not feel fully prepared to do so given their MPH training. Many opportunities exist to enhance graduate/postgraduate training through connecting public health with the broader professional practice of evaluation.

scholarly journals Students’ Perspectives: How Will COVID-19 Shape the Social Determinants of Health and Our Future as Public Health Practitioners?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Eliyas K. Asfaw ◽  
Emily S. Guo ◽  
Sarah S. Jang ◽  
Swathi R. Komarivelli ◽  
Katherine A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
To Come ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

We are the next generation of public health practitioners. As public health students, we acknowledge that the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic will continue to fundamentally alter the field that we are preparing to enter. We will be the first wave of public health professionals whose education is being shaped by this pandemic. For decades to come, we will be working to address the impacts of this pandemic. In this commentary, we are lending our voice to discuss and highlight the importance of considering the intersections of various determinants of health and COVID-19, including education, food insecurity, housing instability, and economic hardship. We provide a discussion on what is being done across the United States in attempts to reduce the growing health inequities. As the next generation of public health leaders, we believe that only by investing in these issues can we begin to address the social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fracked Taxpayers and Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Gamper-Rabindran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
The Us

The US and Argentinian shale industry enjoyed staunch support from domestic political, financial, and legal institutions, which enabled the industry to expand while externalizing financial, public health, and environmental costs to the general public. The Argentinian government’s decision to finance shale investments and the US and Argentinian governments’ decisions to finance the industry bailout sustained the industry even as its poor financial outlook that predated the COVID-19 crisis became widely acknowledged. State and provincial governments in both the United States and Argentina employed the legal system to prohibit local government and local communities, including Indigenous communities, from restricting shale development and infrastructures in their localities. Politicians’ support for the industry, cloaked as concerns for workers and communities, fortified the industry’s privileges. Reforming the entrenched institutional support for the industry, although a formidable challenge, is necessary for these countries to shift away from oil and gas dependency.

Strengthening the Collaboration between Public Health and Criminal Justice to Prevent Violence

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Prothrow-Stith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Over the last two decades in the United States, public health practitioners, policy makers, and researchers have charted new tenitory by increasingly using public health strategies to understand and prevent youth violence, which has been considered a criminal justice problem. The utilization of public health approaches has generated several contributions to the understanding and prevention of violence, including new and expanded knowledge in surveillance, delineation of risk factors, and prop design, including implementation and evaluation strategies.While public health activities generally complement those of criminal justice, confrontations, challenges and turf issues within this cross-disciplinary enterprise remain inevitable. Continued progress is dependent upon expanded efforts and greater collaboration within both disciplines.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy Exposure, Aging Populations, and COVID-19: Considerations for Healthcare Providers and Public Health Practitioners in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10263
Author(s):  
Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem ◽  
Edward W. Boyer ◽  
Ayobami Olufadeji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Health Need ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Given the continent’s growing aging population and expanding prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy is an increasingly dire threat to the health of persons living in Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated these issues. Widespread misinformation, lack of vaccine access, and attempts to avoid being infected have resulted in increases in Africans’ willingness to take multiple prescription and nonprescription medications and supplements. Issues with counterfeit pharmaceuticals and the relatively new recognition of emergency medicine as a specialty across the continent also create unique challenges for addressing this urgent public health need. Experts have called for more robust pharmaceutical regulation and healthcare/public health infrastructure investments across the continent. However, these changes take time, and more near-term strategies are needed to mitigate current health needs. In this commentary, we present a nonexhaustive set of immediately implementable recommendations that can serve as local strategies to address current polypharmacy-related health needs of Africans. Importantly, our recommendations take into consideration that not all healthcare providers are emergency medicine trained and that local trends related to polypharmacy will change over time and require ever-evolving public health initiatives. Still, by bolstering training to safeguard against provider availability biases, practicing evidence-based prescribing and shared decision making, and tracking and sharing local trends related to polypharmacy, African healthcare providers and public health practitioners can better position themselves to meet population needs. Furthermore, although these recommendations are tailored to Africans, they may also prove useful to providers and practitioners in other regions facing similar challenges.

scholarly journals Assessing Laws and Legal Authorities for Public Health Emergency Legal Preparedness

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kamoie ◽  
Robert M. Pestronk ◽  
Peter Baldridge ◽  
David Fidler ◽  
Leah Devlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Public health legal preparedness begins with effective legal authorities, and law provides a key foundation for public health practice in the United States. Laws not only create public health agencies and fund them, but also authorize and impose duties upon government to protect the public's health while preserving individual liberties. As a result, law is an essential tool in public health practice and is one element of public health infrastructure, as it defines the systems and relationships within which public health practitioners operate.For purposes of this paper, law can be defined as a rule of conduct derived from federal or state constitutions, statutes, local laws, judicial opinions, administrative rules and regulations, international codes, or other pronouncements by entities authorized to prescribe conduct in a legally binding manner. Public health legal preparedness, a subset of public health preparedness, is defined as attainment of legal benchmarks within a public health system.

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