scholarly journals Understanding Aristotle's Notion of the Mean: A Case Study in Anger

Labyrinth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Heather Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Aristotle's Ethics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

In this paper, I argue that purely quantitative understandings of Aristotle's concept of "the mean" (as presented in Nicomachean Ethics) are oversimplified, and I make this argument by analyzing the particular emotion of anger. Anger, I contend, helps to complicate the purely quantitative understanding of the mean, insofar as, I argue, the amount of anger experienced is not the morally salient feature in determining whether or not the anger is virtuous. Rather, anger is one example of an emotion or trait for which other, non-quantitative parameters of the mean are more salient, giving us a more nuanced understanding of what the mean is. Anger is virtuous not when it is in the right measurable degree, but rather when it is directed at the proper target. In this way, the virtue-making property of anger is distinctly qualitative. Examining anger provides insight into the concept of the mean and its role in Aristotle's ethics, and also helps to shed light on contemporary debates about political anger.  

scholarly journals Secretive Symbolism? The Death Penalty, Executions, and Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-601
Author(s):  
Billy Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Execution Rates ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe importance of analysing the death penalty and state-imposed executions is derived from their concerning the right to life, and their retaining wide-spread support throughout retentionist, abolitionist de facto, and abolitionist states worldwide. Discrepancies in the execution rates of retentionist states appear reducible to their serving symbolic or pragmatic functions i.e. they are used primarily to validate public opinion or primarily to deter crime. Prima facie, Japan seems akin to a symbolic state, due to its low execution rate and its official justification for both retaining the death penalty and continuing to use executions i.e. doing otherwise would be undemocratic. However, the practices that surround executions in Japan shroud them in secrecy and silence, which appears at odds with both its apparent symbolic function and this justification. This makes Japan a uniquely important case study for research on practices surrounding executions. Understanding why this contradiction exists will entail a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which the death penalty, executions, and the practices surrounding them, can function in retentionist states. This essay aids such understanding by critically analysing this official justification and various other arguments for why this might be the case and advancing an alternative explanation.

‘Is This the Right Material, Girl?’

2019 ◽  
pp. 376-394
Author(s):  
Richard J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Ambiguity ◽  
Film Version ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Title Character ◽  
Gaining Insight

Alan Parker’s film version of Lloyd Webber and Rice’s Evita (1996) provides a case study of how a star’s agency can affect a film musical’s narrative. This chapter on the movie reveals how adjustments made to the piece for its movie incarnation result in a change of presentation of the title character, played by Madonna. Whereas the stage show depicts Eva as a figure of moral ambiguity, the film turns her into a probably well-meaning, mostly sympathetic, inherently romantic heroine. A series of newly created flashbacks, scenes, lyrics, and entire songs were crafted for the purpose of gaining insight into and empathy for Eva. For example, Eva, rather than Peron’s mistress, now sings ‘Another Suitcase in Another Hall,’ one of the hit songs from the score, and the ‘Waltz for Evita and Che’ is staged as a romantic duet, without conveying the cynicism of the lyrics. The addition of ‘You Must Love Me’ adds a new insight into her realization that if Peron can still show her such attention and affection when she is dying and no longer of any use to him, then he must love her after all. In these and many other ways, Eva is humanized in a way that is not the case in the Broadway original.

scholarly journals Muscle Activity and Morphology in Slalom Skiing by a Single-Leg Amputee Ski Racer: A Case Study of a Paralympic Athlete

2021 ◽  
pp. 500-5007
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ishige ◽  
Shinsuke Yoshioka ◽  
Noriko Hakamada ◽  
Yuki Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of skiing by a single-leg amputee ski racer from the viewpoints of muscle activity, morphology, and the relationship between both elements through comparisons with those of a non-disabled ski racer. One elite athlete, classified as LW2 (left thigh amputation), and one non-disabled athlete, as a control, participated in this study. The cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was measured through magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, muscle activities and joint and segment kinematics during slalom skiing were measured using electromyography and inertial measurement units, respectively. The muscle activities and joint kinematics of the amputee racer in the turn in which he performed with the inside edge of the ski were similar to those of the outside leg of the non-disabled racer over a turn. In contrast, at the turn in which the amputee racer performed with the outside edge (more difficult side), the amputee racer largely activated the biceps femoris (BF) in the first half of the turn compared to the non-disabled racer. The reason could be to control the angular momentum of the trunk during the forward tilting motion. This is because a greater activity of the BF was observed during the period in which the forward tilt of the trunk was increased, and the mean activity of the BF was the greatest during the first half of the right turn in which the range of the motion of the forward tilt was the greatest. In terms of muscle morphology of the amputee racer, a significant hypertrophy of the BF and vastus lateralis was observed compared to the non-disabled racers. The well-developed BF was considered to be related to the large activity during the turn performed with the outside edge of the ski.

scholarly journals AN OVER VIEW OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION FROM THE CONTRACTUAL PERSPECTIVE IN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Asif Khan ◽  
Ali Raza Ansari ◽  
Nishan-E-Hyder Soomro ◽  
Ahmed Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternate Dispute Resolution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

The Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") is an alternative conflict settlement strategy. It follows the main objective of solving conflicts between parties stunningly through the help of independent professionals and renowned personalities. Today the role of the ADR is more important, and the number of agreements with ADR is increasing. One of the reasons for this development is that the ADR is usually more efficient and time-saving compared to normal justice delivering procedures. The current paper examines the most popular techniques for the solution of alternative disputes within the EU, through mediation. This paper associates ADR development and the European Law Legislative International Trade Conciliation (2002) along with other Laws and ADR services, such as ICC and different Laws related to the services. It then conjointly makes comparisons between the bound “member state” MS Courts to observe problems concerning ADR. Additionally, it recognizes the ADR in the light of the right to valid remedy (European Union Principles). To administer a deep insight into the subject, the paper describes additionally the ADR origin, its features, and relevance. Hence, this paper will shed light on the issues faced by parties in ADR concerning agreements and shall thereby, provide a solution to overcome the same.

Empirical Analysis of Locality, Heritability and Heuristic Bias in Evolutionary Algorithms: A Case Study for the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther R. Raidl ◽  
Jens Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Knapsack Problem ◽  
Multidimensional Knapsack Problem ◽  
Multidimensional Knapsack ◽  
Local Improvement ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Variation Operators ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Our main aim is to provide guidelines and practical help for the design of appropriate representations and operators for evolutionary algorithms (EAs). For this purpose, we propose techniques to obtain a better understanding of various effects in the interplay of the representation and the operators. We study six different representations and associated variation operators in the context of a steady-state evolutionary algorithm for the multidimensional knapsack problem. Four of them are indirect decoder-based techniques, and two are direct encodings combined with different initialization, repair, and local improvement strategies. The complex decoders and the local improvement and repair strategies make it practically impossible to completely analyze such EAs in a fully theoretical way. After comparing the general performance of the chosen EA variants for the multidimensional knapsack problem on two benchmark suites, we present a hands-on approach for empirically analyzing important aspects of initialization, mutation, and crossover in an isolated fashion. Static, inexpensive measurements based on randomly created solutions are performed in order to quantify and visualize specific properties with respect to heuristic bias, locality, and heritability. These tests shed light onto the complex behavior of such EAs and point out reasons for good or bad performance. In addition, the proposed measures are also examined during actual EA runs, which gives further insight into dynamic aspects of evolutionary search and verifies the validity of the isolated static measurements. All measurements are described in a general way, allowing for an easy adaption to other representations and problems.

scholarly journals Produkcija diplomatskega védenja v jugoslovanski in poljski povojni diplomatski praksi (1945–1947)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (3) ◽  
pp. 735-771
Author(s):  
Maja Lukanc
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Post War ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Diplomacy provides a unique insight into the socio-political circumstances of individual countries. Through their reports, analyses, and interpretations, diplomats shape a modicum of knowledge about the state in which they operate. Based on Yugoslav and Polish archival materials and memorial literature, the following contribution explores how diplomats from both countries contributed to the knowledge about Yugoslavia and Poland in the first years after World War II. The article takes into account the factors that influenced the production of knowledge in diplomacy and answers the question of whether the Yugoslav and Polish political decision-makers applied the newly acquired knowledge and how. The first post-war elections in both countries serve as a case study: they allowed diplomats to gain an insight into the operations of the local political elites; shed light on the attitude of the population towards the new authorities; and answered the question of how far the communists were willing to go in their struggle for power.

scholarly journals Malaysia Context: Why Malay Muslim Students Behave Morally in Their Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maizura Yasin ◽  
Nur Surayyah Madhubala Abdullah ◽  
Samsilah Roslan ◽  
Nor Wahiza Abd. Wahat
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
School Students ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the motives underpinning Malay Muslim secondary school students’ moral behavior in Malaysia in their daily life. The paper is based on a qualitative case study employing purposive sampling into the motives behind Malay Muslim students’ moral behavior. The study of eight Form Four Malay Muslim students in a school in Malaysia identified six themes associated with the motives for moral behavior. The findings illustrate that Malay Muslim students have different motives for their moral behavior and that these are linked to moral reasoning. It offers an insight into what motivates Malay Muslim students who are in a family structure where religion is a strong influence of their moral behavior. It illustrates how family background, religious values and personal experiences shape the reasons for behaving morally. A key implication of the findings for Moral Education is in educating students to behave morally, teachers in particular Moral Education teachers should consider that the motivation for the action may differ based on certain aspects of the students background that influence their beliefs about what is right and good. Teachers should also identify the prevailing motives and their influences on students’ moral behavior by facilitating reflection on their behavior and the choice the right motives in the morality.AbstrakPenelitian ini menyajikan gambaran tentang motif yang mendasari perilaku moral siswa Melayu Muslim pada sekolah menengah di Malaysia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus kualitatif dengan menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling untuk menginvestigasi motif di balik perilaku moral siswa Melayu Muslim. Delapan pola dari Empat siswa Muslim Melayu di sebuah sekolah di Malaysia teridentifikasi memiliki enam tema yang terkait dengan motif perilaku moral. Temuan mengilustrasi bahwa para siswa Melayu Muslim memiliki motif yang berbeda pada perilaku moral mereka dan bahwa ini terkait dengan penalaran moral. Temuan penelitian ini menawarkan wawasan pada apa yang memotivasi para siswa Melayu Muslim yang berada dalam struktur keluarga di mana agama memiliki pengaruh yang kuat pada perilaku moral mereka. Temuan penelitian ini mengilustrasi bagaimana latar belakang keluarga, nilai-nilai agama dan pengalaman pribadi dapat membentuk alasan-alasan untuk berperilaku secara moral. Implikasi utama dari temuan Pendidikan Moral ini adalah dalam mendidik siswa untuk berperilaku secara moril, para guru terutama guru Pendidikan Moral harus mempertimbangkan bahwa motivasi untuk bertindak dapat berbeda berdasarkan aspek-aspek tertentu dari latar belakang siswa yang mempengaruhi keyakinan mereka tentang apa yang benar dan baik. Para guru juga harus mengidentifikasi motif yang berlaku dan pengaruhnya pada perilaku moral siswa dengan memfasilitasi refleksi diri atas perilaku mereka dan pilihan motif yang tepat di dalam moralitas. 

scholarly journals A cadaveric study of the testicular artery and its clinical significance

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma R. Kotian ◽  
◽  
Arvind Kumar Pandey ◽  
Supriya Padmashali ◽  
Judith Jaison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Operative Techniques ◽  
Testicular Artery ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Background Knowledge of testicular artery variations is vital to ensure that they are not neglected during a variety of different operative techniques, since damage can cause testicular atrophy. Objectives The present study was therefore intended to identify variants in the origin and course of the testicular arteries. An attempt was made to classify the arteries based on their various origins. Methods This study examined 42 formalin-fixed cadavers of 40 to 70-year-old adult males. Variant origins of the testicular artery were identified and classified. Variations in the origin and course of the artery were colored, photographed, and documented. The distances between the origins of the testicular arteries and the mid-points of the origins of the renal arteries were measured. Results Testicular arteries were classified into four categories on the basis of origin. This variability was defined in relation to the renal and inferior mesenteric arteries. The mean distance between the origin of the testicular artery and the mid-point of the origin of the renal artery were 3.08 and 3.47 cm, on the right and left sides respectively. Variations were almost exclusively found on the left side. The variations observed included multiple arterial twigs forming the testicular artery, suprarenal arteries arising from the testicular artery, and testicular artery duplication. Conclusion This study provides an insight into variations in the testicular artery and proposes a classification which could help surgeons during a variety of procedures on the male abdomen and pelvis.

scholarly journals A case-study in tracking 1998 polynya ice dynamics in Smith Sound, North Water polynya region, Canadian Arctic, using RADARSAT-1 data

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Wilson ◽  
D. J. King ◽  
D. G. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water Polynya ◽  
North Water ◽  
Oceanic Forcing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMonitoring ice motion provides insight into the relative contributions of atmospheric and oceanic forcing to polynya dynamics In this study ice kinematics in the North Water (NOW) region, northern Baffin Bay Canadian Arctic are determined using time-sequential RADARSAT-1 ScanSARWide imagery (from the period January-December 1998), processed by the automated ice-tracking algorithm (Tracker) currently used at the Canadian Ice Service (CIS). A case-study is then carried out on the Smith Sound region from January till the end of june 1998 to monitor polynya formation, maintenance and disintegration. This has two objectives: (1) to evaluate satellite ice-motion products as a means of better understanding the relative contributions of latent- and sensible-heat mechanisms responsible for the formation and behaviour of the NOW polynya, and (2) to study the influence of winds on regional sea-ice motion. Derived ice-motion maps were validated using in situ ice beacons deployed onto floes in the NOW region during the 1998 ship-based science experiment. Tracker-derived displacement and directional regressions were 0.93 and 0.79, respectively, with a total standard error of 3.6 km in magnitude and 38.8° in direction. Analysis of monthly mean ice-motion maps shows that a significant export of ice occurs from the polynya. A comparison of weekly-averaged ice motion with the mean wind-field data suggests that ice export in Smith Sound is influenced by synoptic-scale atmospheric pressure systems.

scholarly journals eHealth Systems' User Experiences from Healthcare Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Synnove Thomassen Andersen
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

This article analyze how healthcare workers experience the use of eHealth systems. The empirical data is from a qualitative case study, is derived from a number of eight participating health clinics use of eHealth systems, by healthcare workers. Our analysis shows that by adopting a simple, small-scale and user-oriented approach, and by focusing on the needs and circumstances of users instead of advanced technology, it was possible to reveal domestication of eHealth systems. While these findings cannot be generalized, they provide insight into and shed light on trends concerning the negotiations of healthcare workers with eHealth technology. Themes related to the experience of user interfaces in eHealth systems have generally not been explored in detail. This research thus contributes new insight to the field.

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