scholarly journals Improvement of organizational and methodological issues of analytical control of natural gas quality in Testing laboratory

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
A. F. Battalov ◽  
◽  
R. T. Saetova ◽  
Ya. V. Denisova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Analytical Laboratory ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Quality Of Products

The increased requirements for the quality of natural gas transported and used in industrial and domestic purposes have significantly increased the role of the analytical laboratory in the production process, since if the results of analyzes that determine the quality of products depend on the entire work of the gas transportation company as a whole, then the quality and reliability of the analysis results themselves are determined by the work of the testing laboratory. The basis of consumer confidence in the purchased products is ensured by the reliability of confirmation of the conformity of products established in the requirements of technical regulations and standards. Confirmation of the quality of products constantly requires the analytical laboratory to implement methods and techniques for monitoring the quality of analyzes. The research base is Gazprom Transgaz Kazan LLC, one of the gas transmission subsidiaries of Gazprom PJSC serving the Uzhgorod and Novopskov gas trunkline corridors, the Nizhnyaya Tura–Perm–Gorky 1,2 gas pipelines, Orenburg–Zainsk, Kazan–Nizhny Novgorod, etc. The object of the study is the analytical control of the quality of natural gas, the subject is organizational and methodological issues for its implementation. This article proposes a method for calculating the frequency of gas sampling using automated algorithms taking into account data on changes in the composition and properties of gas streams for the reporting period. The description of the method is presented on the example of calculating the frequency of determining the calorific value of the lowest (actual calorific value) and density of natural gas. The central chemical-analytical laboratory of the Gazprom Transgaz Kazan’s engineering and technical center and the points of gas sampling at the gas distribution stations of the main gas pipelines in the service area of the сompany are used as objects of the method implementation

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MEASURES OF MEASUREMENT OF HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
K. M. Shynkaruk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In connection with the increase in prices for natural gas, the urgent issue is to calculate not only the amount of gas consumed, but also its quality precisely with the consumer. The quality of gas is the compliance of its physicochemical parameters with established regulatory documents. With the current gas accounting and payment system in Ukraine, consumers using the same number of cubic meters receive different heat of combustion. The paper analyzes the regulatory framework for assessing the energy performance of natural gas. The necessity of the transition to accounting for natural gas in energy units is substantiated. Existing methods and means for determining the calorific value of natural gas that are used in Ukraine and abroad are considered. Currently, direct and indirect methods are used to determine the calorific value of natural value of natural gas. The most common is the calculation method based on chromatographic analysis, the implementation of which requires expensive equipment. Other methods for determining the calorific value of natural gas is correlation. The essence of which is to establish the relationship between a certain physicochemical property of natural gas and calorific value, which can be established by experimental observations and based on theoretical analysis, which makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the calorific value of natural gas. Based on the analysis, it was found that currently there are no simple in design and not expensive means of controlling the qualitative characteristics of natural gas commercially available. Therefore, it is relevant to solve the problem of operational control of the quality of natural gas, through scientific justification, development and improvement of tools that enable the indirect accounting of the energy value of natural gas in accordance with global trends in energy accounting. A correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the calorific value of natural gas. The use of the thermocatalytic method for determining the calorific value of gas is proposed, which will allow designing a relatively cheap and easy-to-use device for monitoring the quality of natural gas specifically for the consumer.

Automation and Quality in Analytical Laboratories

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
Miguel Valcárcel ◽  
Angel Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Systems Quality ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Analytical Laboratories

Abstract After a brief introduction to the generic aspects of automation in analytical laboratories, the different approaches to quality in analytical chemistry are presented and discussed to establish the following different facets emerging from the combination of quality and automation: automated analytical control of quality of products and systems; quality control of automated chemical analysis; and improvement of capital (accuracy and representativeness), basic (sensitivity, precision, and selectivity), and complementary (rapidity, cost, and personnel factors) analytical features. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the importance of this marriage of convenience in present and future analytical chemistry.

scholarly journals Composition and Physical Properties of the Natural Gas Supplied for Domestic Use through the Distribution Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
M. C. Fernández-Feal ◽  
B. Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
L. R. Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
J. R. Pérez-Prado
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Superior Calorific Value

Aims: To assess the composition of the Natural Gas (NG) supplied for domestic consumption through the distribution network to correlate the physical properties linked to it were to be determined in order to investigate their fluctuations. Study Design:  The samples were analyzed in accordance with the method described in the ISO 6974‑4 standard, “Natural Gas. Determination of Composition with Defined Uncertainty by Gas Chromatography”. Place and Duration of Study: Center of Technology Research, Fuels Laboratory, between January and December 2016. Methodology: Over the course of the year, a total of eighty-four samples of natural gas for domestic use were analyzed.  These were collected at a rate of one per month in seven cities in the geographical zone under study (Galicia_Spain), in which the number of users is significant. Results and Conclusion: The protocols for technical management of the Gas System have a section on quality specifications for Natural Gas at entry points to the system.  This sets limits for only three of the physical properties of natural gas: Wobbe index, superior calorific value and relative density. The figures obtained for Wobbe index, superior calorific value and relative density from the eighty-four samples studied showed that the quality of the Natural Gas distributed remained steadily within the acceptable limits throughout the whole year. The values for standard deviations bore witness to the fact that any variations did not significantly alter the quality of the Natural Gas supplied. The concentrations of the odorant, THT, were always above the recommended value of 18.0 mg/Nm3, the fluctuations noted over the course of the year were such as to make it possible to see them as excessive. In some instances, a high concentration of odorant may lead users to erroneous impressions, so that they come to think that there are leaks from the gas-pipes or even that the gas is not burning properly.

scholarly journals Technical aspects of natural gas energy metering implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mykola Kuz ◽  
Leonid Zamikhovskyi ◽  
Vitalii Shulha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

In modern conditions, the issue of the quality of natural gas, including the development of gas energy measuring instruments, is becoming increasingly relevant. The Law of Ukraine “On the natural gas market” establishes the need for instrumental metering of natural gas “in order to obtain and register reliable information about the volumes and quality of natural gas during its transportation, distribution, supply, storage and consumption”. In accordance with the “Rules of natural gas supply” in force in Ukraine, settlements with consumers for natural gas should be carried out in cubic meters, reduced to standard conditions and expressed in energy units. However, this contradicts the requirement of the “Technical Regulations on measuring instruments”, which state that settlements with consumers should be based on the results of measuring gas volumes read from the indicating device. However, the indicating devices of gas meters that are operated in Ukraine reflect the measured volumes of gas in cubic meters. Currently, the requirements of the above regulatory documents are partially implemented, in particular, in full-scale industry and partly in the municipal sphere, the readings of measuring the volume of gas by the meters are being adjusted depending on the temperature and pressure of the gas. The purpose of this work is to assess the regulatory requirements and technical possibilities of introducing natural gas metering in energy units in Ukraine. It is proposed to use energy conversion devices to determine the energy of natural gas. A methodology has been developed for measuring natural gas energy by indirect methods based on measurements of the consumed gas volumes, air temperature around the gas meter and the results of measuring the calorific value of gas. The assessment of the metrological characteristics of the indirect measurement of natural gas energy has been carried out.   Keywords: natural gas; energy; volume conversion device.

scholarly journals Condensate Fractionation Column: Design Variation Study by Simulation

1970 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
DA Begum ◽  
A Rahman ◽  
K Kirtania
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Fractionation Column ◽  
Design Variation ◽  
Column Design ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Quality Variation

This work aims to study the quality of three products of a fractionation column considering different design conditions of the column using natural gas condensate as column feed. The first design was on a single traditional distillation column whereas the consecutive studies were done by modifying the distillation column to yield the same quality of products. This study includes the details quality variation along with the variation of design. The whole simulation study and analysis was done on ASPENTM HYSYS 7.1. Keywords simulation; fractionation; distillation; ASPEN; design. DOI: 10.3329/jce.v25i0.7241Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 25, No. 1, December 2010 pp.65-70

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NATURAL GAS QUALITY BY ITS CALORIFIC VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Vasil Motalo ◽  
◽  
Bohdan Stadnyk ◽  
Andrij Motalo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Own Gas ◽  
Experimental Researches

The article develops and analyzes a method of the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of natural gas as an energy source. The method is based on establishing the calorific value of natural gas as a determinative index of its quality, taking into account all gas properties: both those that positively affect the gas calorific value and its energy content, and those that adversely affect. The generalized definition of natural gas quality as the degree to which the set of the own gas characteristics (component composition and physical properties) meet the requirements concerning energy content, safety, ecology, and other factors is given. The results of experimental researches on natural gas quality according to the developed procedure are also presented.

CONTROL IN REAL TIME THE DENSITY OF PRODUCT AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Kudryashev ◽  
◽  
N.S. Assev ◽  
R.D. Belashov ◽  
V.A. Naumenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Quality Of Products

The article is devoted to solving one of the most important problems of the development of the sugar industry in Russia – the modernization of sugar production processes. Today, sugar production is actively being modernized, shifting most of its processes to the path of avomatization and optimization to improve the quality of products. This article describes one of the main ways to obtain information about the concentration of sucrose in syrup in the production of sugar.

Агрономическая эффективность промышленной (голландской) технологии возделывания картофеля

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coy ◽  
A.V. Shuravilin ◽  
O.A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния промышленной технологии возделывания картофеля на развитие, урожайность и качество продукции. Выявлена положительная реакция растений на подкормку K2SO4 в период посадки. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ урожайности и качества клубней выявил высокую степень достоверности результатов опыта. Содержание нитратов и тяжелых металлов в клубнях было ниже допустимых величин.The results of studies on the impact of industrial technology of potato cultivation on growth, yield and quality of products. There was a positive response of plants to fertilizer K2SO4 in the period of planting. Correlation and regression analysis of yield and quality of tubers revealed a high degree of reliability of the results of experience. The contents of nitrates and heavy metals in tubers was below the permissible values.

Research of pressure influence in the gas supply system on the energy consuption level of gas devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
L. D. Pylypiv ◽  
І. І. Maslanych
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Supply

There are investigated the influence of operating pressures in the gas supply system on the level of such energy indicators as efficiency, gas flow and gas overrun by gas equipment in residential buildings. There is established a relationship between the values of operating pressures in the gas supply system and the gas consumption level of household appliances. The causes of insufficient pressure in the gas networks of settlements are analyzed in the article. There is also developed an algorithm for calculating the change in the efficiency of gas appliances depending on the operational parameters of the gas network. It has been found that the most efficient operation of gas appliances is observed at an overpressure at the inlet of gas appliances of about 1200 Pa.To ensure the required quality of natural gas combustion among consumers and minimize gas consumption there are justified the following measures in the article: coordinating a domestic regulatory framework for assessing the quality of natural gas with international norms and standards; improving the preparation of gas coming from local wells before supplying it to gas distribution networks; auditing low pressure gas pipelines and reconstructing areas affected by corrosion; ensuring standard gas pressure in the network for the normal operation of domestic gas appliances; stating quality indicators of natural gas combustion by gas sales organizations.

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