THE CAPACITY OF THIRD COUNTRIES TO NEGOTIATE BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH THE UK UNDER WITHDRAWAL ARRANGEMENTS

Part I General Framework, 2 Historical Developments Influencing the Present Law of Visiting Forces

10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rowe Peter

Keyword(s):

Military Operations ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Bilateral Agreements ◽

The North ◽

The Us ◽

Historical Developments ◽

The Uk ◽

Bargaining Positions ◽

Conflicts Of Jurisdiction ◽

Multilateral Treaty

This chapter focuses on the historical and the legal development of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) SOFA in 1951 and subsequent developments. It shows how prior to 1951, bilateral agreements reflected the relative bargaining positions of the Sending and Receiving States and how the terms of the 1951 multilateral treaty were debated in the legislatures of the US and the UK. This is no mere ‘lawyers’ law’ concerned solely with resolving conflicts of jurisdiction between different States. The issues raised within it are frequently of constitutional significance, ranging from the protection of the citizen and of the serviceman to ‘immunity’ from the jurisdiction of the Receiving State. This chapter also sketches the background to challenges posed by post-cold war types of military operations in the law relating to Visiting Forces

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Where Do Internal Markets Come from and Can They Work?

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy ◽

10.1177/135581969600100112 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 56-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alistair McGuire

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Exchange Process ◽

Health Sector ◽

Internal Market ◽

Internal Markets ◽

Bilateral Agreements ◽

Pricing Rules ◽

Market Allocation ◽

Central Argument ◽

The Uk

The basis for the argument in favour of the internal market as a means of allocating resources within the health care sector has never been made fully explicit. In particular, the link between the economic theory of market allocation and the specific pricing rules adopted by a number of health care sectors to allocate resources is rarely a focus of attention. Health sector objectives are rarely specified. The mechanisms which remedy failure in the exchange process are not explicitly defined. In short, the optimal structural conditions for the operation of internal markets are not known. The central argument pursued here is that, as this is the case, and using the UK as an example, there are no criteria to which purchasers or providers can turn to assess the operation of exchange within the internal market. Not surprisingly, the internal market dissolves into a number of individual bilateral agreements between purchasers and providers which may or may not increase efficiency in allocating health sector resources.

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Considering EU External Relations after Brexit: Introduction

Europe and the World A law review ◽

10.14324/111.444.ewlj.2021.29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paul James Cardwell ◽

Rachael Dickson

Keyword(s):

Special Issue ◽

James Madison ◽

Bilateral Agreements ◽

External Relations ◽

Departure Date ◽

The Subject ◽

Charitable Trust ◽

The Common ◽

The Uk ◽

The University

This special issue of Europe and the World: A law review consists of selected articles that were presented at a workshop on External Relations in the post-Brexit EU, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow in October 2018. The workshop was generously funded by the James Madison Charitable Trust and the New Professors Fund of the University of Strathclyde. The purpose of the workshop was to consider the multifaceted dimensions of Brexit on the European Union’s external relations, and in particular to consider how interdisciplinary perspectives can enrich our understanding of the law underpinning the subject. This includes the EU’s externally facing institutional frameworks; law and policy on foreign, security and defence policies; trade and the Common Commercial Policy; and bilateral agreements with third countries or regions. The workshop was held around the mid-point in time from the referendum of June 2016 until the eventual departure of the UK on 31 January 2020 (although the final departure date and exit arrangements were unknown at the time). As such, the workshop contributors based their analyses on what the future impact of Brexit might be. Drawing on the extensive scholarship on EU external relations that has blossomed over previous decades, the authors of this special issue have been able to comprehensively analyse what future EU external relations might look like.

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The time abroad project – German and British students’ expectations for their stay abroad

Journal of English Studies ◽

10.18172/jes.3467 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Leahy

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Extended Period ◽

Research Approach ◽

Bilateral Agreements ◽

Student Profiles ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Student Exchange ◽

The Uk ◽

Incoming Students

In the UK the number of students studying for a language degree and spending an extended period abroad has been declining for some years. This trend has a negative effect on the number of incoming students too since student exchange is often based on bilateral agreements between institutions. In order to work towards overcoming the reluctance of UK students to go on a placement abroad, it is important to gain a better understanding of typical student profiles and their expectations of an exchange semester. Using a quantitative research approach this study looks at British and German students’ expectations before their time abroad and their views after their return. The results show similarities between the two cohorts, but also striking differences. In particular, the expectations regarding students’ main goals vary considerably.

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Integration of the European Air Traffic Control Network

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300023183 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

S. Morleigh

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Air Traffic Control ◽

Second World War ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Control Network ◽

Bilateral Agreements ◽

Nation States ◽

The Uk ◽

Further Development ◽

Second World

A large percentage of the air traffic flow in the UK is associated with movement to or from other European countries. It would therefore be unrealistic to consider further development of the UK air traffic control network other than on an inter-European basis, although this would necessarily raise many problems.Throughout Europe, during the period since the Second World War, the various nation states have developed their individual air traffic control systems based on national centres and extending to the boundaries of their own Flight Information Regions (FIR). The movement of aircraft across the FIR boundaries of neighbouring states is at present governed by a series of bilateral agreements, whilst attempts to reach international agreement on integration of the European ATC system have not as yet met with much success.

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