scholarly journals Leaf Injury and Dry Mass Production in Eggplant and Pepper Plant as Affected by Overnight Supplemental Lighting

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu MASUDA ◽  
Yuichi YOSHIDA ◽  
Kenji MURAKAMI ◽  
Kunihiro NAKACHI ◽  
Takafumi KINOSHITA
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Supplemental Lighting

scholarly journals Effect of plant regulators on growth and flowering of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Marchi ◽  
D. Martins ◽  
N.V. Costa ◽  
J.R.V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of sequential applications of different plant regulators over growth and flower rachis emission of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). The study was conducted on 15-month old green turfgrass under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following plant regulator and doses were tested: trinexapac-ethyl (113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452, 678+339 e 904+452 g a.i./ha-1), prohexadione-calcium (100+100 e 200+200 g a.i. ha-1) and bispyribac-sodium (40+40 e 60+60 g a.i. ha-1), as well as an untreated control. The turfgrass was mowed again at 3.0 cm aboveground and the second plant regulator was applied when 'Meyer' zoysiagrass was between 5.0 and 6.0 cm high. The effect of the treatments was visually rated for visual injury, plant height, height and number of flower rachis, and total dry mass production of clippings. Only bispyribac-sodium had visual symptoms of injury on 'Meyer' zoysiagrass, and no intoxication was observed at 28 days after the second application (DAAB). The sequential applications of trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadione-calcium and bispyribac-sodium reduced by more than 80% the total clipping dry mass produced by 'Meyer' zoysiagrass. All the plant regulators tested also showed promising results in reducing the height and emission of rachis, especially when trinexapac-ethyl was applied at the doses 452+452, 678+339 and 904+452 g a.i. ha-1. 'Meyer' zoysiagrass turfgrass can be handled with the sequential application of a plant regulator, which reduces the need for mowing over a period up to 110 days after the application of the second plant regulator, and it also avoids deleterious visual effects over turfgrass.

scholarly journals Intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1072-1080
Author(s):  
Charles Barbosa Santos ◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
Victor Costa e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Intercropping systems have become an interesting alternative for grain and forage production because they are sustainable systems that reduce carbon emissions in degraded pasture areas. However, few studies have used forage species recently introduced into the market, and more studies that assess the performances of these species in integrated systems are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of intercropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass (including the species name) in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery. The field experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropping of sorghum, monocropping of Paiaguas palisadegrass, row intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass, interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass and intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. To obtain a desired population of 240,000 plants ha-1, 12 seeds of sorghum and 5 kg of viable pure seeds of the forage species were planted per meter and hectare, respectively. The growth of Paiaguas palisadegrass in the same row as sorghum reduced the sorghum grain yield. The intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass hindered the initial development of Paiaguas palisadegrass in terms of plant height and number of tillers due to shading, and this effect was reflected in the dry mass production. Row and interrow intercropping provided higher dry mass production without affecting the forage quality. Therefore, the interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass was found to be a promising agricultural technique for grain and forage production that could be used for the establishment of new pastures or pasture recovery.

Regulation of growth and differential tissue dry mass accumulation by Citrus grandis, Poncirus trifoliata and their F1 under salinized and non-salinized environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhami Tozlu ◽  
Gloria A. Moore ◽  
Charles L. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Salt stress responses of C. grandis L. (Osb.), P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. and their F 1 were investi-gated. Growth, growth rates, as well as leaf, stem, structural root (> 2 mm diameter), fine root (≤ 2mm diameter) and whole plant dry masses were determined for the three genotypes tested in 0, 40 and 80 mМ NaCl environments for 20 weeks. P. trifoliata and C. grandis were phenotypically distinct and their F1 had features that were a combination of both parents. The different growth habits resulted in significant differences between the net growth and growth ratios ([net growth / initial growth] × 100) of the three genotypes and between control and salinized plants within each genotype. The average growth and dry weights of nearly all tissues were reduced in salinized plants compared to those of control plants. The exceptions were the fine roots of P. trifoliata at both salinities and of the F1 plants at 40 mМ NaCl. The 40 mМ NaCl treatment stimulated fine root production in P. trifoliata plants, significantly increasing dry weight by 30% compared to control plants. Average shoot dry weight reduction was greatest in C. grandis and least in P. trifoliata in the 40 mМ NaCl treatment. While leaf tissues of P. trifoliata were the most sensitive to salinity, root tissues were the most sensitive in C. grandis. To avoid salt accumulation, P trifoliata plants increased root dry mass production while C. grandis plants increased leaf mass production. These traits appeared to be heritable, since the F1 plants displayed responses intermediate to its parents leading to increased salinity tolerance. We suggest that not only ion content of leaf tissues, but ion content and mass production of all tissues should be considered when the salinity tolerance of Citrus and related genera is characterized.

Dry-matter partitioning and radiation-use efficiency in cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) during consecutive seasonal courses in the Orinoco llanos

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. SAN JOSÉ ◽  
R. A. MONTES ◽  
N. NIKONOVA ◽  
N. VALLADARES ◽  
C. BUENDIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Field work on rainfed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cvs TC-9-6 and M-28-6-6) was conducted in the Orinoco lowlands to explain the changes in dry-mass partitioning and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) as compared with other cultivars over four consecutive seasons. Growth features were assessed in early-maturing, prostrate-canopy (TC-9-6), and medium-maturing, erect-canopy (M-28-6-6) cowpeas. These cultivars were sown in consecutive middle-wet and late-wet seasons in double peak rainfall conditions. Dry mass accumulation by cultivars was assessed as a function of leaf-area duration and the efficiency with which radiation was converted into dry mass throughout the season (i.e. radiation-use efficiency). Cultivar differences in canopy architecture and duration of leaf area had a minor effect on the total dry mass production. In the early-maturing TC-9-6, RUE for a middle-wet and a late-wet season was 0·90±0·04 and 0·65±0·05 g/MJ, respectively. In the medium-maturing M-28-6-6, the values were 0·97±0·05 and 0·72±0·03 g/MJ, respectively. A season with rainfall below 100 mm had a negative effect on phenology and RUE. When average rainfall was above 100 mm, the total dry mass accumulation was not affected by differences in cultivars and seasons. The rate of harvest index (HI) changes was negatively related to pod-filling duration. The changes in assimilation distribution depended on the process of partitioning as modulated by the limited pod-sink and the photosynthate supply. However, the photosynthate source was not depressed by the sink activity of the pod-filling. Partitioning to non-reproductive sinks was maintained. M-28-6-6 with high dry-mass production and delayed senescence did not effectively divert a large amount of assimilate to pod-filling. Pod sink activity in cowpea was limited by genotype. Harvest index in M-28-6-6 decreased with the increasing dry mass. The final HI and rate of linear increase in HI differed between cultivars and were lower in M-28-6-6. The results of the present work in the Orinoco lowlands are relevant for a wide range of savannahs with a late wet season.

scholarly journals Use of Senna uniflora as Organic Fertilizer in the Production of Lettuce in the Brazilian Semiarid

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Paulo César Ferreira Linhares ◽  
Roberto Pequeno de Sousa ◽  
Janilson Pinheiro de Assis ◽  
Eudes de Almeida Cardoso ◽  
Joaquim Odilon Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The use of plant resources available on the farm, and of great relevance to the family farmers of the Northeastern semi-arid region, Brazil. The experiment was carried in the experimental area of the agricultural science center, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating use of Senna uniflora as organic fertilizer in the production of lettuce in the Brazilian semiarid, from October 2014 to February 2015. The experimental design of randomized complete blocks with the treatments arranged in 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The first factor consisted of amounts S. uniflora (0, 1.8, 3.6, and 5.4 kg m-2 of dry matter) with four incorporation times into the soil (0; 28; 56 and 84 days before transplanting lettuce). The transplanted lettuce cultivar went was the “Elba”. The evaluated characteristics were the following: plant height, diameter plant, number of leaves per plant, green mass production and dry mass production. The best agronomic efficiency was obtained with soil incorporation of 5.4 kg m-2 in the incorporation period of 56 days after transplanting, with phytomass production of 235.2 g plant-1. S. uniflora becomes a viable option to be used as an organic fertilizer in lettuce production.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters related to chitinase production by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto U.L. Braga ◽  
Roland Vencovsky ◽  
Claudio L. Messias
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Chitinase Production ◽  
Culture Growth

Chitinolytic activity and dry mass production were determined in culture filtrates from 17 Metarhizium anisopliae strains grown in liquid medium containing chitin as the only carbon source. The objectives were to estimate parameters such as genetic variance among strains, heritability and expected gain from selection, as well as correlations between tested traits. Wide genotypic variability was observed among strains in chitinolytic activity, permitting the exploitation of this property in selection. The high heritability suggests that progress can be made through phenotypic selection. The genotypic correlation coefficient between dry mass production and chitinolytic activity detected in the filtrates was negative (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v21n2/pg171-1.jpg" alt="wpe1.jpg (777 bytes)" align="absmiddle">= - 0.588). One of the isolates was also investigated for variation in the two traits as a function of culture growth time. The results showed an increase in enzyme activity up to the 8th (and last) day of the experiment and a decrease in dry mass from the 4th day on.

scholarly journals Timing and Duration of Supplemental Lighting during the Seedling Stage Influence Quality and Flowering in Petunia and Pansy

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1332-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wook Oh ◽  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Ryan M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Subsequent Flowering ◽  
The Impact

Increasing the photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) during the seedling stage promotes seedling growth and flowering in many bedding plants. Our objective was to determine the impact of increased DLI for different periods during the seedling stage on young plant quality and subsequent growth and development. Seeds of petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr. ‘Madness Red’) and pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams. ‘Delta Premium Yellow’) were sown into 288-cell plug trays and placed under a 16-h photoperiod provided by sunlight plus 90 μmol·m−2·s−1 [supplemental lighting (SL)] or 3 μmol·m−2·s−1 [photoperiodic lighting (PL)] from high-pressure sodium lamps when the ambient greenhouse photosynthetic photon flux was less than 400 μmol·m−2·s−1 from 0600 to 2200 hr. Plants were grown at 20 °C under PL or SL for the entire seedling stage or were exposed to SL for one-third or two-thirds of the seedling stage. Seedlings were then transplanted into 10-cm pots and grown until flowering with SL at 20 °C. Shoot dry mass of transplants increased linearly with increasing DLI provided to seedlings in petunia (y = −4.75 + 1.86x, R2 = 0.76) and pansy (y = −3.94 + 3.47x, R2 = 0.78) in which y = dry mass (g) and x = DLI (mol·m−2·d−1). SL during the last two-thirds or the entire plug stage increased shoot dry mass and the number of leaves in both species compared with SL during the earlier stage or PL. SL during the last two-thirds or the entire plug stage accelerated flowering, but plants had a lower shoot dry mass and flower bud number at first flowering compared with that in SL during the first third or two-thirds or that in PL. Therefore, SL generally had greater effects on transplant quality and subsequent flowering when provided later in the plug stage than if provided earlier in production.

scholarly journals Responses of six Brachiaria spp. accessions to root zone flooding

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Pabla de Souza Caetano ◽  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Some morphophysiological responses of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, cv. Piatã, cv. Arapoty, B163, B166 and B. ruziziensis R124 were compared in plants grown in pots, under flooded and well-drained conditions. Flooding reduced leaf elongation rate in all accessions. Leaf dry mass production was lower under flooding than in the control plants in all the studied accessions, except in cv. Piatã. Root dry mass production was reduced by flooding in cv. Marandu and in R124, while the proportion of biomass allocated to roots was reduced by flooding only in R124. It was not possible to detect significant differences between water regimes in the percentage of biomass allocated to culms and leaves for all accessions. Flooding decreased the number of tillers in cv. Marandu, in B163, B166 and in R124. Relative growth rate was decreased by flooding in cv. Marandu, in B163 and in R124. Flooding reduced gas exchange parameters in all accessions, but cv. Arapoty. The accessions tested differ in their relative tolerance to flooding. B. brizantha cv. Arapoty is considered the most tolerant. B. ruziziensis R124 is the most sensitive, followed by B. brizantha cv. Marandu. B. brizantha cv. Piatã, B163 and B166 are intermediate in flooding tolerance.

scholarly journals Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Vânia Tomazelli de Lima ◽  
Maria do Carmo Vieira ◽  
Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio ◽  
Néstor Antonio Heredia Zárate ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 &times; 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.

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