Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.

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Effect of plant regulators on growth and flowering of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000300021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 695-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.R. Marchi ◽

D. Martins ◽

N.V. Costa ◽

J.R.V. Silva

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Mass Production ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Visual Effects ◽

Visual Symptoms ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Prohexadione Calcium

This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of sequential applications of different plant regulators over growth and flower rachis emission of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). The study was conducted on 15-month old green turfgrass under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following plant regulator and doses were tested: trinexapac-ethyl (113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452, 678+339 e 904+452 g a.i./ha-1), prohexadione-calcium (100+100 e 200+200 g a.i. ha-1) and bispyribac-sodium (40+40 e 60+60 g a.i. ha-1), as well as an untreated control. The turfgrass was mowed again at 3.0 cm aboveground and the second plant regulator was applied when 'Meyer' zoysiagrass was between 5.0 and 6.0 cm high. The effect of the treatments was visually rated for visual injury, plant height, height and number of flower rachis, and total dry mass production of clippings. Only bispyribac-sodium had visual symptoms of injury on 'Meyer' zoysiagrass, and no intoxication was observed at 28 days after the second application (DAAB). The sequential applications of trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadione-calcium and bispyribac-sodium reduced by more than 80% the total clipping dry mass produced by 'Meyer' zoysiagrass. All the plant regulators tested also showed promising results in reducing the height and emission of rachis, especially when trinexapac-ethyl was applied at the doses 452+452, 678+339 and 904+452 g a.i. ha-1. 'Meyer' zoysiagrass turfgrass can be handled with the sequential application of a plant regulator, which reduces the need for mowing over a period up to 110 days after the application of the second plant regulator, and it also avoids deleterious visual effects over turfgrass.

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Efficiency in the use of phosphorus by cowpea genotypes

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n4a2019-39507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Idaiane Costa Fonseca Almeida ◽

Leilson Costa Grangeiro ◽

Fábio Henrique Tavares Oliveira ◽

Valdívia de Fátima Lima Sousa ◽

Matheus Freitas Souza

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Good Ability ◽

P Accumulation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Pod Number ◽

Number Of Seeds

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an edible legume with good ability to fix nitrogen and not demanding soil fertility. However, some genotypes may have a greater ability to utilize the nutrients available in the soil for their growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphorus (P) use in genotypes of cowpea. The experiment was conducted in the field and the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of two P doses (0 and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five bean genotypes (Paulistinha, BRS Xiquexique, Pingo de Ouro, Corujinha, and Costela de Vaca). Each plot was formed by four plant rows, measuring 3.0 m in length, spaced 1.0 x 0.3 m, and with two plants per hole. The genotypes responded significantly to the increase in P levels in the soil, with increases in the number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, productivity, dry mass, and plant P accumulation. "BRS Xiquexique" was efficient and responsive, and it could be indicated as the most appropriate for cultivation in the region. "Corujinha" is the most suitable cultivar for production in high levels of P among the creole genotypes evaluated. "Costela de Vaca" and "Paulistinha" can be indicated for low P production in the soil. low P production.

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Agronomic Viability of Mentha piperita Under Quantities and Forms of Application of the Organic Fertilization in the Semiarid of Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p54 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Jordany Ramalho Silveira Farias ◽

Paulo César Ferreira Linhares ◽

Janilson Pinheiro de Assis ◽

Roberto pequeno de Sousa ◽

Maria Francisca Soares Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Oil Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Viable Option ◽

Green Mass ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

The use of available resources in the property is of paramount importance for the sustainability of the system. In this sense, the objective was to study the agronomic viability of mint Mentha piperita under amounts and forms of application of the organic fertilization in the semiarid of Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm Rafael Fernandes in the period from August 2017 to November 2017, in the Alagoinha district, rural area of Mossoró-RN. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor consisted of the quantities of the mixture of jitirana plus bovine manure (0.0, 1.4, 2.8, 4.2 and 5.6 kg m-2), the second factor was composed by the way of handling the mixture of jitirana and bovine manure (incorporated and in cover). For the mint crop, the cultivar Mentha piperita was planted. The following characteristics were evaluated: biomass height, green mass production; number of bunches; dry mass production; oil content and oil production. No interaction was observed between the amounts of organic fertilization in the forms of management of organic fertilization in the characteristics evaluated. The best agronomic performance of mint was observed in the amount of 4.2 kg m-2, with green mass production of 1.5 kg m-2, equivalent to 16.4 units m-2. Organic fertilization becomes viable option to be used in the fertilization of the mint.

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Effect of inoculants combining Lactobacillus buchneri strain LN40177 in different strata of the silo

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.44847 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 44847

Author(s):

Tânia Mara Becher Ribas ◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

André Martins de Souza ◽

André Dochwat ◽

Eduardo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Disappearance Rate ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and rumen disappearance rate of dry matter of corn silages with inoculants combining L. buchneri strain LN40177 in different strata of the silo. The experimental design was a 3x2 randomized complete block design, with three treatments: Control: corn silage without inoculant; 11CFT: corn silage with inoculant which combines L. buchneri strain LN40177 (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1) with L. casei (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1); and 11C33: corn silage with inoculant which combines L. buchneri strain LN40177 (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1) with L. plantarum (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1) and Enterococcus faecium (1 x 1010 CFU g-1), associated with two strata of the silo (lower and upper). The silage inoculated with 11C33 presented higher contents of crude protein and NDF and lower hemicellulose content in relation to the control treatment and 11CFT. The use of both inoculants resulted in silages with higher concentrations of soluble nutrients. Lower stratum silage had a higher rumen disappearance rate of dry matter compared to the upper stratum. In general, the combinations of L. buchneri promoted nutritional improvements in corn silage, but in presence of L. casei, there were more outstanding improvements.

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PRODUÇÃO DE TIFTON – 85 ( CYNODON SPP.) EM FUNÇÃO DO USO DE GESSO E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2018.v14.nesp.000254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (Especial) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Caio Augusto Silva ◽

Moniki Campos Janegitz ◽

Nathiele Vieira Cardoso ◽

Giovanna Alevato Galli ◽

Rafael de Paiva Andrade

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Higher Doses ◽

N Use ◽

Gypsum Application

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of tifton-85 forage in function of N doses with and without gypsum applied as a source of sulfur. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 4 factorial: four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N) as urea by two treatments (with and without gypsum), with four replicates. One hundred and thirty days after planting, were measured plant height, dry matter mass and N use efficiency (EUN). Without gypsum applied, the N use efficiency and dry matter mass of plants increased in 120 kg N ha-¹. The gypsum application improves the development of Tifton grass, increasing dry mass production in relation to the amount of N applying up to 180 kg N ha-1 and possibly higher doses.

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTENDER AND AMARELO JAPONÊS CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REPLACEMENTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n415rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 986-994

Author(s):

JANAINA BORGES DE AZEVEDO FRANÇA ◽

FREDERICO ANTONIO LOUREIRO SOARES ◽

NEI PEIXOTO ◽

MUZA DO CARMO VIEIRA ◽

ANDERSON DIAS VAZ DE SOUZA

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

The Other ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

State University ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Mean ◽

Fresh And Dry Mass

ABSTRACT The use of cultivars appropriate to the soil and climate characteristics of a region provides farmers with security by facilitating credit for crop financing and improving product prices in local commerce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of “Contender” and “Amarelo Japonês” green bean bush cultivars grown in the Cerrado in terms of water replenishment (RH) of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of evaporation using the Piché evaporimeter. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás, on the Ipameri Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Sowing was done in May 2017, with treatments distributed in a split-plots scheme with water replenishment in plots and cultivar subplots with 3 replications. The analyzed variables were: height; stem diameter; leaf number; leaf area; number of inflorescences; number of flowers; fresh and dry mass of the plant; number, length, diameter, fresh and dry mass of the pods. The different water replenishment rates increased the mean plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of bean seeds per pod, and number of bean seeds per plant in the cultivars “Amarelo Japonês” and “Contender.” Water replenishment of 125% produced higher development and better agronomic performance in the two cultivars than the other rates.

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Sources and dosages of Nitrogen applied with urea coated with polymers in Marandu Palisade Grass

Revista Agrogeoambiental ◽

10.18406/2316-1817v10n320181189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Fábio Janoni Carvalho ◽

Renata Bernardes Elias ◽

Adriane De Andrade Silva ◽

Thiago Souza Campos

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Mass Production ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Root Weight ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fresh And Dry Mass

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for the production of forage grasses, and the most expensive one. The scope of this research was to evaluate the application of four sources of urea (conventional and coated with polymers) under different dosages, in mass production and nitrogencontent and absorption from two cuts of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The experiment was conducted at a greenhouse in a randomized block design. The fertilizers used were conventional urea, urea covered with a polymer layer, urea covered with sulfur and urea covered with a boron and copper compound. The dosages used were 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Fresh and dry mass, root weight and nitrogen content from first and second harvest were evaluated. On the first harvest, there was no significant difference between the treatments for the variables analyzed. On the other hand, second harvest presented difference in fresh and dry mass and nitrogen content. Regression analyses showed a linear increase with all fertilizers used, but this growth was more accentuated for the polymerized fonts. All polymerized ureas allowed higher mass production for Marandu palisadegrass, at tillering and second cut. Foliar nitrogen availability of polymerized ureas did not differ from conventional urea, being recommended to reach pastures with higher quality and productions and to decrease nitrogen losses on the system.Keywords: Brachiaria brizantha. Stabilization technologies. Sulfur polymer.

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EXCESSO DE FERRO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i1.6075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Kassio Ewerton Santos Sombra ◽

Andreza Cristina Chagas de Oliveira ◽

Ronyce Do Nascimento Ferreira ◽

Alexandre Caique Costa e Silva ◽

Cleilson Do Nascimento Uchôa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

San Diego ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Initial Development ◽

Citrus Rootstock ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do excesso de ferro sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de genótipos de porta-enxertos cítricos. Adotou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em fatorial 5x2, com cinco porta-enxertos e dois substratos, repetidos quatro vezes, com parcela útil de 15 recipientes. Os genótipos consistiram do limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’; citrandarins ‘Riverside’, ‘San Diego’ e ‘Índio’, além de, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, cultivados com ou sem óxido de ferro no substrato. Analisaram-se as porcentagens de emergência (PE) e calculou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Realizaram-se biometrias aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS), mensurando-se a altura (H) e diâmetro de caule (D) das plântulas, determinando-se massa fresca (MV) e seca (MS). O excesso de ferro induziu subdesenvolvimento, e até mortalidade de plântulas já emergidas, o que refletiu diretamente nos resultados, porém, todos os genótipos apresentaram emergência superior a 75%, destacando-se o citrandarin ‘San Diego’, com maior altura e caule mais espesso, e o citrandarin ‘Riverside’ com maior sensibilidade ao estresse, registrando os menores valores. O citrandarin ’San Diego’ demonstrou tolerância o estresse e desenvolveu-se satisfatoriamente, necessitando estudos que avaliem a manutenção das características inferidas em combinação com a cultivar copa.Palavras-chave: ambiente protegido, citricultura, enxertia, estresse, mudas. EXCESS OF IRON ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was evaluated the effects of iron excess on the emergence and initial development of citrus rootstock genotypes. A randomized complete block design (DBC), factorial 5x2, with five rootstocks and two substrates, repeated four times, with useful plot of 15 containers was adopted. Genotypes consisted of the 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur lemon; 'Riverside', 'San Diego' and 'Indio' citrandarins, as well as 'Sunki Tropical' tangerine, grown with or without iron excess in substrate. The percentages of emergency (PE) were analyzed and the rate of emergency (IVE) was calculated. Biometry was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), by measuring the height (H) and stem diameter (D) of the seedlings, determining fresh (MV) and dry mass (DM). The excess of iron induced underdevelopment, and even mortality of already emerged seedlings, which reflected directly in the results, however, all genotypes presented an emergency higher to 75%, standing out ’San Diego’ citrandarin, with greater height and more stem thick, and the ‘Riverside’ citrandarin with greater sensitivity to stress, registering the lowest values. 'San Diego’ citrandarin demonstrated stress tolerance and developed satisfactorily, requiring studies that evaluate maintenance of inferred characteristics in combination with cultivar canopy.Keywords: protected environment, citriculture, grafting, stress, seedlings.

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Effect of Formulation, Binder and Compaction Pressure of Rice Husk-Bagasse Briquettes on Thermal and Physical Properties

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2020/v26i1030320 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-53

Author(s):

Kerich K. Daniel ◽

Zachary O. Siagi ◽

Julius O. Ogola

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Block Design ◽

Compaction Pressure ◽

Ignition Time ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Aims: This study investigated the use of agro-wastes for the production of briquettes. It was carried out to investigate the effect of formulation, binder and compaction pressure of rice husk-Bagasse briquettes on thermal and physical properties. Study Design: The experimental design for this study was 6x5x2 Randomized Complete Block Design Place and Duration of the Study: Rice husks and bagasse were collected from Lake Basin Development Authority’s rice mill and Kibos sugar and Allied company respectively. The binders were sourced locally in Kisumu. The study was conducted between March 2019 and February 2020. The fabrication and laboratory analysis were carried out in the engineering and laboratory departments of Kenya Industrial Research and Development institute, Kisumu. Methodology: The experimental design for this study was 6x5x2 Randomized Complete Block Design. This study involved six formulations ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0), five compaction pressure levels (108kPa, 180kPa, 253kPa, 325kPa, 397kPa) and two binders (clay, cassava) They were arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications per experiment. Results: The briquettes bulk density was in the range of 849 to 1001 kg.m−3, while the calorific value ranged from 5.541 kcal/g for 100% Rice husk clay binder to 7.345 kcal/g 20% Rice Husk cassava binder. Briquettes with blend ratio of 40-60% Rice Husk took longer time to burn. Briquette formulations with clay binder had burning rates ranging from 0.28 g/min to 0.15 g/min while with cassava binder from 0.52 g/min to 0.37 g/min. The ignition time of the briquettes ranged from 62 sec to 95 sec with cassava binder and 110 sec to 191sec with clay binder. The shatter index ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 with cassava and 0.9 to 0.98 with clay binder. Conclusion: Higher compaction pressures and use of cassava binder produced stronger briquettes with higher calorific values. Briquettes with higher percentage of bagasse had low ignition time and low bulk densities. The bulk densities and ignition time showed significant rise with increase in the compaction pressure but inversely affected the burning rate. The binder used significantly affected both the thermal and physical properties of all the formulations.

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Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽

José Valcir Fidelis Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Mixture Experiment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

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