Methodology for assigning security objects to a certain risk category

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
D. V. Zobkov ◽  
◽  
A. I. Ryzhikov ◽  
A. A. Poroshin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Risk

Introduction. In accordance with the provisions of Federal law No. 248-FZ of July 31, 2020 "On state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation", a methodology has been developed for determining criteria for assigning protection objects to certain categories of risk of causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to legally protected assets as a result of fire. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop a procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of causing harm (damage) risk based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity of consequences. Methods. To form criteria for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk, such concepts are formalized as: the probability of an event (fire) with the corresponding consequences; the acceptable level of risk of causing harm (damage) in a fire. Based on these concepts, the indicator "severity of potential negative consequences of fire" was determined, which allows performing quantitative calculations for assigning protection objects to a certain risk category. Results and discussion. The international experience of reforming fire safety compliance checks and implementing a risk-based approach is considered. Using the indicator of "the level of severity of potential negative consequences of fire", risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and classes of functional fire hazard. To assess dynamic changes that take into account the individual characteristics of objects of protection, when determining the risk category, an approach to the formation of such a concept as the "index of individualization of a controlled person" is proposed. This index takes into account the individual characteristics of the object of protection that affect the level of its fire safety, as well as information about the integrity of the controlled person, which characterize the carrying out of fire protection measures on the object of protection, the implementation of an independent risk assessment, the conclusion of a voluntary insurance contract, etc. Conclusions. A methodology has been developed for determining criteria for assigning protection objects to certain categories of risk of causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to legally protected estimates as a result of fire. The provisions of the proposed methodology formed the basis of the decree of the Russian Federation Government No. 1662 of October 12, 2020 "On amendments to the Regulations on Federal state fire supervision", which regulates the procedure and criteria for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk in the field of fire safety. Key words: risk-based approach, object of protection, probability of negative events, acceptable level of risk, index of individualization, integrity of the controlled person, fire prevention measures.

Methodological principles for changing the risk category of objects of protection in the field of fire safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Денис Валерьевич Зобков ◽  
Дмитрий Викторович Ушаков ◽  
Алексей Васильевич Карпов ◽  
Галина Петровна Сурина
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Individual

В рамках развития методологии отнесения объектов защиты к определенной категории риска в области пожарной безопасности на основе оценки базового показателя тяжести потенциальных негативных последствий пожаров для объектов защиты, однородных по видам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности, разработана динамическая модель определения или изменения категории риска объекта в зависимости от индекса индивидуализации подконтрольного лица. Это позволяет определить категорию риска либо принять решение об изменении ранее присвоенной категории риска для конкретного объекта защиты из группы с учетом индивидуальных социально-экономических характеристик данного объекта защиты, оказывающих влияние на уровень обеспечения его пожарной безопасности, а также учесть соблюдение на объекте защиты обязательных требований пожарной безопасности на основе информации об этом объекте, имеющейся в распоряжении органа государственного пожарного надзора. There was developed the dynamic model for determining or changing the risk category of the object according to the individualization index of the controlled person. The aforesaid model was elaborated in the context of development of the methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety, based on the assessment of basic severity index of potential negative consequences of fire for objects of protection that are homogeneous both in economic activities and in functional fire hazard categories. This allows to determine the risk category, or decide to change the previously assigned risk category for a particular object of protection from a certain group, taking into account the individual socio-economic characteristics of this object of protection, affecting the level of its fire safety. This also allows to take into account the compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection on the basis of information about this object that is available to the state fire supervision body.

Model for assigning security objects to a specific risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
D. V. Zobkov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Poroshin ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction. A mathematical model is presented for assigning protection objects to certain risk categories in the field of fire safety. The model is based on the concepts of the probability of adverse effects of fires causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of harm (damage) from fires. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop the procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk of harm (damage) based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity consequences, to determine the acceptable level of risk of harm (damage) due to the fires, to calculate and develop numerical values of criteria for assigning objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories. Methods. The boundaries of the intervals corresponding to certain risk categories are determined by dividing the logarithmic scale of severity of adverse effects of fires into equal segments. Classification methods are used to assign objects of protection to a specific risk category. Results and discussion. Based on the level of severity of potential negative consequences of a fire, risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and by functional fire hazard classes. The risk category for each individual object of protection is proposed to be determined using the so-called index of "identification of a controlled person" within a group of objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and class of functional fire hazard. Depending on the risk category, the periodicity of planned control and supervision measures in relation to the specific object of protection under consideration is determined, taking into account its socio-economic characteristics and the state of compliance with fire safety requirements by the controlled person. Conclusions. To develop criteria for classifying protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, the probability of negative consequences of fires, that are causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of fires, is used. The risk category for each individual object of protection is determined taking into account socio-economic characteristics of the object that affect the level of ensuring its fire safety, as well as the criteriaof integrity of the subordinate person that characterize the probability of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection. Calculations are made and numerical values of criteria for assigning protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes to a certain category of risk are proposed. Key words: object of protection, probability of fire, acceptable level of risk, risk category, dangerous factor of fire, death and injury of people.

Methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Денис Валерьевич Зобков ◽  
Александр Алексеевич Порошин ◽  
Андрей Александрович Кондашов ◽  
Евгений Васильевич Бобринев ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Удавцова
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Risk Categories

Проанализирован международный опыт реформирования проверок соблюдения требований пожарной безопасности и внедрения риск-ориентированного подхода. Разработана модель отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска в зависимости от вероятного причинения вреда, который рассчитывается исходя из количества погибших и травмированных при пожарах людей. Сформулированы критерии отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска. Выполнен расчет категорий риска для групп объектов, однородных по группам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности. Проведено сравнение с существующей классификацией объектов защиты по категориям риска. The international experience of reforming of fire safety compliance checks and implementing a risk-based approach is considered. There are presented methodological approaches to calculating the risk of causing harm (damage) in buildings (structures) as a result of fire for the purpose of assignment of buildings and structures according to risk categories as well as justification of the frequency of scheduled inspections at these facilities. There is calculated the probability of fire occurrence for a group of objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. The social damage expressed in the death and injury of people as a result of fire is also calculated in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. Classification of objects of protection according to the risk categories is performed using the indicator of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. This indicator characterizes the degree of excess of the expected risk of negative consequences of fires for the corresponding group of objects of protection in relation to the value of the permissible risk of negative consequences of fire. The permissible risk of negative consequences of fires is calculated on the basis of statistical data, taking into account the value of the individual fire risk of exposure of critical values of fire hazards on person in buildings and structures. The criteria for assigning groups of objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories are formulated on the basis of formation of distribution of numerical values of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. There are carried out the assessment of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires for objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, and also the risk categories of the corresponding groups of objects are determined. The proposed classification of objects of protection according to risk categories is compared with the existing classification. The obtained results of calculations showed that scheduled inspections of objects of protection by the Federal state supervision bodies, depending on the assigned risk category and with corresponding frequency, have significant role in improving the level of fire safety of objects. The decrease in the intensity of scheduled inspections, at the same time, may lead to a corresponding decrease in the level of fire protection of objects.

PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR TRANSPORT SECURITY REQUIREMENTS VIOLATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
L.Y. Larina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legislative Structure ◽  
The Individual

The study of the problems of legislative regulation of criminal responsibility for transport security requirements violation is due to the necessity to ensure it as part of national security. The purpose of the study is to identify the shortcomings of the legislative structure of article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, preventing its effective application in practice, and suggest ways to overcome them. In the research on the basis of comparison of the content of article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the norms of the Federal Law “On transport security” and Decrees of the government of the Russian Federation analyzed some blank signs of transport security requirements violation. In the study we identify deficiencies of the legislative construction of article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the necessity of its correction, and formulate proposals for changing the individual characteristics and the sanctions of article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In particular we discuss the proposal to change the sanctions of part 1 of article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the inconsistency with the sanction of part 1 of article 118 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, it is proposed to expand the range of subjects of crime under part 2 of article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The «Model» Budget: the Features of Its Formation and Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
Sergei Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Cost Factors

The paper analyzes the features of the formation of «model» budgets, assesses the consequences of the transition to the distribution of subsidies to the subjects of the Russian Federation from the federal budget on the basis of the calculation of the «model» budget and developed proposals for adequate consideration of the identified problems in the inter-budget policy of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the transition to the «model» budget in the Russian Federation is envisaged through the mechanism of redistribution of the total amount of subsidies to equalize the budget provision with simultaneous refinement of the method of increasing the allocated subsidies to the least affluent regions. The discrepancy between the current budget expenditures and the estimated need for budget allocations was revealed, which can lead to the emergence of unsecured budget expenditures for planned activities in a number of Northern and Far Eastern regions. The necessity for maximum orientation to the individual characteristics of the subjects of the Federation in the calculation of «model» budgets is shown, which is expressed in taking into account the rising cost factors associated with the uneven distribution of the population and the difference in the coefficients of transport accessibility in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Simulated Legal Phenomena in the System of Principles of the Administrative Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
D. A. Kirillov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Principle Of Legality

With the inclusion of the category “simulation” in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences an interest arose in studying “simulation” in the system of principles of the administrative process. The purpose of the study is to formulate general recommendations for neutralizing the negative consequences of manifestations of feign in the system of principles of the administrative process. The methodological basis of the research is materialistic dialectics and elements of conceptual analysis. The methods of analogy and generalization allow us to justify the use of the construction of “simulated legal phenomenon” for the study of the principles of the administrative process. The survey revealed obstacles to the implementation of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence. The comparative legal analysis allows us to establish the comparability of the volumes of state repression in the measures of administrative and criminal responsibility, a clearly negative assessment of simulation in administrative law compared to its neutral assessment in civil law, to identify a number of obstacles to the functioning of the principles of the administrative process. Other standard research methods are also used. The expediency of analyzing the simulation of the system of principles of the administrative process is justified; a simplified model of the system of principles of the administrative process is used for the analysis; from the standpoint of assessing legal simulation, the analysis of the principle of legality, the principle of procedural equality, the principle of guilt, the principle of presumption of innocence, as well as the principle of respect for the honor and dignity of the individual was carried out. In order to reduce the level of obvious simulation in the system of principles of the administrative process, in particular, it is recommended: in the doctrine of the administrative process to consider the principle of legality not as a reality, but as a goal; in the laws, replace the term “legality” with the term “lawfulness”; in the laws, the wording “the principle of equality before the law” and the like should be replaced with “the principle of equality of rights”; part 1 of Article 1.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences should be amended as follows: “a person is subject to administrative responsibility only for those socially harmful actions (acts of inaction) in respect of which his guilt is established”; part 3 of Article 1.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences after the words: “...is not obliged to prove his innocence” should be supplemented with the words “but has the right to disagree with all or part of the arguments confirming his guilt, or to refute them”. It is also recommended to amend the legislation in order to unify the approach to the differentiation of administrative offenses and crimes.

Issues of ensuring timely evacuation of people from buildings of educational organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Г.Г. Гойкалов ◽  
А.А. Абашкин ◽  
Д.В. Ушаков ◽  
С.Г. Панфилов
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Статья посвящена проблеме противопожарной защиты объектов просвещения с учетом требований Федерального закона «Технический регламент о требованиях пожарной безопасности», постановления Правительства Российской Федерации, которым утверждены Правила проведения расчетов по оценке пожарного риска. Рассмотрены вопросы определения необходимого времени эвакуации людей из общеобразовательных организаций при пожаре. Проанализированы требования нормативных правовых документов в области пожарной безопасности. The article is devoted to the actual topic of providing conditions for the safe evacuation of people from educational institutions. The analysis of the requirements of regulatory legal documents in the field of fire safety and statistical data on fires is carried out. The issue of improving the level of fire protection of educational facilities was planned to consider at the meeting of the Government Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations and Ensuring Fire Safety during the Board Meeting on the results of the Ministry’s work on the main areas of activity in 2020 and on the tasks for 2021 of EMERCOM of Russia. Moreover, the President of the Russian Federation instructed the Government of the Russian Federation to introduce a unified approach to ensuring the security and anti-terrorist protection of educational organizations in the very near future in May of this year. The supervisory authorities of the EMERCOM of Russia conduct practical training on evacuation of people regularly, but for their successful implementation it is necessary for each head of educational organization to know what time is allocated for organizing and conducting the necessary evacuation of people during fire at the facility. Article 53 of Federal Law No. 123 of 22.07.2008 “Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements” defines that the safe evacuation of people from buildings and structures in case of fire is provided if the time interval from the moment of fire detection to the completion of people evacuation to a safe area does not exceed the required time for evacuation of people in case of fire. The buildings of educational organizations were designed at different times, respectively, the objects have different layouts, number of floors, and degree of fire resistance. Therefore the individual approach to each object of protection is necessary to determine the essential evacuation time. Determining the time of people evacuation from buildings and premises will have a positive impact on the effectiveness of practical training, will help to determine whether people have time to evacuate from the building at prescribed time. The Rules for conducting calculations on fire risk assessment is approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1084 dated July 22, 2020. The Methodology for determining the calculated values of fire risk in buildings, structures and fire compartments of various classes of functional fire hazard is approved by the Order of EMERCOM of Russia No. 382 dated June 30, 2009 (as amended by Order of EMERCOM of Russia No. 632 of 02.12.2015). This Methodology establishes the procedure for determining the necessary time for the people evacuation from the objects of protection. The implemented work will allow the bodies of the state fire supervision of EMERCOM of Russia to increase the quality index of administration of control and supervisory functions at the objects of protection of this category.

Land tax in the tax system of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
R. Sh. Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The Individual

Land pricing is an effective tool for land management in the modern world.Measures to improve the fiscal component of the land tax ensure the independence of local budgets. The source of local budget replenishment is local taxes.In the current tax system, the amount of calculated tax is transferred to local budgets. The main problem that the leaders of the Defense Ministry are facing today is the lack of funds for development and for current needs. The question of meeting the financial needs of municipalities is a question of the revenue base of local budgets.The existing problems associated with the collection of land tax are diverse.Unlike market valuation of land, cadastral valuation is performed by mass valuation methods, using statistical processing of indicators. There is a need to take into account the individual characteristics of land.

scholarly journals Сonceptual bases of the organization of forest fire protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S.N. Zharinov ◽  
◽  
E.I. Golubeva ◽  
M.V. Zimin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Forest Fire Protection

The analysis of the Concept of the draft Federal Law “Forest Code of the Russian Federation” proposed for discussion has shown that it is necessary to consider in detail the problems of organizing forest fire protection. In our opinion, the provisions of clause 3.7.7. The concepts require discussion of two important aspects of this activity. The first aspect concerns the implementation of forest fire protection in the territories provided for forestry on the basis of a license agreement and an agreement on the trust management of protective forests to legal entities and individuals. The second is the definition of the basic principles and criteria, based on which, the forests will be classified according to the methods of monitoring fire hazard and the use of fire extinguishing forces and means. The need to discuss the issue of consolidating the function of forest protection from fires for state specialized organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the federal body responsible for the general management of the forest protection system is revealed. The study showed that with the modern organization of fire detection and extinguishing, the approach to zoning and methodological support for making a decision on the advisability of carrying out fire extinguishing work in hard-to-reach forests requires a more thorough justification. At the same time, the development of a methodology should proceed from the zoning goal to reduce damage from fires. When calculating, it is important to take into account not only economic losses, but also negative consequences in the social sphere and in the environmental situation.

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