scholarly journals Characterization and Release of Ibuprofen in Proniosome System (Ibuprofen-Span 60-Cholesterol)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutiek Purwanti ◽  
Dewi Melani Hariyadi ◽  
Corry Silvia ◽  
Vig D
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Cell ◽  
Release Flux ◽  
Span 60

The aim of this research was to determine influence of proniosome system which consists of ibuprofen-span 60-cholesterol with molar ratio of 2:1:0.75. The proniosome system was made by Coacervation Phase Separation Method,using ethanol 96% as solvent and glycerol 0.1% as aqueous phase. There were two formulas in this research formula I was ibuprofen non proniosome in HPMC gel base and formula II was ibuprofen proniosome in HPMC gel base. Characterization of formulas included organoleptic and pH of ibuprofen gel. Drug release was determined using diffusion cell and cellophane membrane in phosphate buffer pH 6.0 ± 0.05 at temperature 32 ± 0.5 oC for 7 hours. The drug release (flux) of ibuprofen from formula I and II were 28.3067 ± 3.0852 µg/cm2/min½ and 23.1900 ± 1.7658 µg/cm2/min½, respectively. The statistical result using independent sample T-test on degree of confident of 95% (α = 0.05) concluded that there was significant value of their fluxs. Research result revealed that release of ibuprofen proniosome system was lower than ibuprofen nonproniosome system in HPMC 4000 gel base..

scholarly journals Effect of nonionic surfactants on the release of paracetamol from suppositories

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Span 60

The preparation suppositories contain 250 mg of paracetamol on different bases using Novata BD, Novata BCF and composition of Novata BCF/BD (1:1). Suppositories were prepared by the fusion method. The prepared formulations with or without surfactants (Tween 80, Span 60) at concentrations of 2% and 4% (w/w) were tested for hardness, to tal time of de for ma tion, disintegration time, content uniformity and release of the drug. The release of the drug was carried in the apparatus with the stirrer shade in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 100 rpm. The physical properties of the prepared suppositories were according with the requirement of Polish Pharmacopoeia 9th edition. Addition of 4 % Tween 80 to suppository bases significantly increased the drug release from all the investigated formulations. However, incorporation of Span 60 did not result in improvement of the drug release significantly.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Elastic Liposomes of Metronidazole for the Treatment of Bacterial Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Priyam Chaurasiya ◽  
Ritesh Agarwal ◽  
Kavita R. Loksh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Vesicle Size ◽  
Rotary Evaporation ◽  
Span 60

Objective: The objective of present study is to develop and evaluate the elastic liposomes of metronidazole so as to provide the sustained release and improve its bioavailability. Methods: Elastic liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation method using Span 80 and Span 60 as a surfactants. The prepared elastic liposomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, In vitro drug release. Results: The drug release profiles from different elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations were in agreement with the physicochemical properties of the formulations. The formulation prepared showed an average vesicle size 185.4nm. The amount of drug entrapped into the elastic liposomes formulations was determined. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 73.45±0.78 %. A good amount of drug was entrapped in the liposome formulations prepared. Based on different parameters formulations of batch TG2 was found to be the best formulations. Stability study was performed on the selected formulation TG2. When the regression coefficient values of were compared, it was observed that ‘r’ values of first order was maximum i.e. 0.993 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow Korsmeyer Peppas model release kinetics Conclusion: These results indicate that elastic liposome can function as probable drug delivery systems to enhance transdermal permeation of metronidazole for treating the topical infections. Keywords: Metronidazole, Elastic liposomes, Topical administration, Skin infection

scholarly journals Biopharmaceutical characterization of topical liposome formulations bearing 5-fluorouracil

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Marija Glavas-Dodov ◽  
Emilija Fredro-Kumbaradzi ◽  
Sema Calis ◽  
Katerina Goracinova ◽  
Kristina Mladenovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Total Drug ◽  
Drug Release Rate ◽  
Gel Formulations

Liposome dispersions and liposome gel formulations for topical administration were evaluated as modified release delivery systems for 5-fluorouracil. Drug substance has been entrapped in the internal aqueous compartment of liposomes during the preparation. The concentration of 5-fluorouracil in the hydration medium was varied and the effect on the liposome characteristics was considered. Liposome gel formulations were prepared by incorporation of liophylized liposomes into a structured vehicle of chitosan. The decrease of the amount of aqueous phase bearing total drug quantity (drug/aqueous phase ratio from 1:100, 1:60, 1:40) led to an increase of the percentage of liposome-entrapped drug, and decreased percentage of drug release, while particle size analysis showed no changes in vesicle size. Liposome gel formulations showed initially a higher drug release rate in comparision with liposome dispersions, which could be related to the release of “free” 5-fluorouracil, leaked from liposomes due to the process of liophylization. This was followed by slower release (after 1.5 hour) as a result of the influence of the viscosity of the gel matrix.

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RITONAVIR LOADED PRONIOSOMES FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (08) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
T. A Sande ◽  
◽  
F. J Sayyad ◽  
A. V. Patil ◽  
D. D. Mohite
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Slurry Method ◽  
Span 60

Proniosomes of ritonavir were prepared by slurry method using Span 60, maltodextrin and cholesterol. The ratio of concentration of Span 60 to cholesterol was altered while keeping concentration of drug and maltodextrin constant. Prepared formulations were studied for micromeritic properties, entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface morphology and in vitro drug release. Micromeritic properties of all formulations increased as compared to drug and carrier alone. Entrapment efficiency was observed greater than 90 % and drug release was found to be sustained for upto 12 hours in case of all formulations. Pure drug, carrier and optimized batch F2 was further characterized for SEM, DSC, XRD. Results revealed transformation of crystalline drug to amorphous state. Stability studies performed at refrigeration and room temperature showed that proniosomes were stable at both the temperatures. It is concluded that proniosomes act as efficient and promising carrier system for ritonavir.

Solubility Enhancement of the Poorly Water-Soluble Antiulcer Drug Famotidine by Inclusion Complexation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1983-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Ain ◽  
V Gupta ◽  
Babita K ◽  
Q Ain ◽  
J Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Mixture Phase

Aqueous solubility is a critical factor for optimum drug delivery. In the present study, we investigated the potential of drug-cyclodextrin complexation as an approach for improving the solubility and bioavailability of famotidine, an H2-receptor antagonist and acid reducing drug which has poor solubility and bioavailability. Solubility improvement of drug by β-cyclodextrin was done by simple complexation approach using physical, kneading and co-precipitation methods and compared with physical mixture. Phase solubility profile indicated that the solubility of famotidine was significantly increased in presence of β-cyclodextrin and shows a linear graph with β-cyclodextrin indicating formation of inclusion complexes in a 1:1 molar ratio. β-Cyclodextrin-famotidine mixture have maximum stability constant 1477.6 M-1. The inclusion complex ratio 1:1 of kneading mixture was selected based on drug release profile and compared with physical mixture. Further characterization was done by  using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier and its effect on dissolution. Dissolution rate studies for selected inclusion complex was performed in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and distilled water (pH 6.8) and compared these to pure drug profile which was found to be 2.34 fold increase in distilled water, 1.83 fold in HCl and 2.01 fold in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). These results suggest that the kneaded complex of famotidine with β-cyclodextrin as hydrophilic complexation agent can substantially enhance the solubility and dissolution rate. Such complex has promising potential to improve the bioavailability of famotidine.  

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND IN VITRO, IN VIVO EVALUATION OF PRONIOSOMAL GEL OF NEOMYCIN SULPHATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
AMOL SHETE ◽  
PRIYANKA THORAT ◽  
RAJENDRA DOIJAD ◽  
SACHIN SAJANE
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Skin Delivery ◽  
Span 60

Objective: The objectives of present investigation were to prepare and evaluate proniosomes of neomycin sulphate (NS) by coacervation phase separation method by using sorbitan monostearate (span 60) and lecithin as a surfactant to increase the penetration through the skin and study the effect of concentration of the same. Methods: Proniosomes of neomycin sulphate (NS) were prepared by coacervation phase separation method by using span 60 and lecithin. The effect of concentration of span 60 and lecithin was studied by factorial design. The prepared proniosomes were converted to gel by using carbopol as a gelling agent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug diffusion, in vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo skin irritation test etc. Results: All Formulation showed the percentage entrapment efficiency in the range 38.31±0.05% to 77.96±0.06%, good homogeneity and gel was easily spreadable with minimal of shear. Optimized formulation showed enhanced rate of diffusion in vitro, increase in zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus, no skin irritation and showed good stability. Conclusion: The results of present study indicates that proniosomal gel formulated by using combination of span 60, Lecithin, cholesterol can be used to enhance skin delivery of NS because of excellent permeation of drug. Developed proniosomal gel formulation was promising carrier for NS

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Carlos Corona-García ◽  
Alejandro Onchi ◽  
Arlette A. Santiago ◽  
Araceli Martínez ◽  
Daniella Esperanza Pacheco-Catalán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Long Chain

The future availability of synthetic polymers is compromised due to the continuous depletion of fossil reserves; thus, the quest for sustainable and eco-friendly specialty polymers is of the utmost importance to ensure our lifestyle. In this regard, this study reports on the use of oleic acid as a renewable source to develop new ionomers intended for proton exchange membranes. Firstly, the cross-metathesis of oleic acid was conducted to yield a renewable and unsaturated long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, which was further subjected to polycondensation reactions with two aromatic diamines, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)dianiline and 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid, as comonomers for the synthesis of a series of partially renewable aromatic-aliphatic polyamides with an increasing degree of sulfonation (DS). The polymer chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 19F NMR) spectroscopy, which revealed that the DS was effectively tailored by adjusting the feed molar ratio of the diamines. Next, we performed a study involving the ion exchange capacity, the water uptake, and the proton conductivity in membranes prepared from these partially renewable long-chain polyamides, along with a thorough characterization of the thermomechanical and physical properties. The highest value of the proton conductivity determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to be 1.55 mS cm−1 at 30 °C after activation of the polymer membrane.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis Oil by Transesterification Process

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Sa’ed A Musmar ◽  
Faryal Kabir ◽  
Iram Batool ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
American Society

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel usually produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study investigates the extraction of oil and its conversion into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification. Firstly, the effect of various solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, di-ethyl ether) on extraction of oil from non-edible crops, such as R. communis and M. azedarach, were examined. It was observed that a higher concentration of oil was obtained from R. communis (43.6%) as compared to M. azedarach (35.6%) by using methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracted oils were subjected to NaOH (1%) catalyzed transesterification by analyzing the effect of oil/methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and varying temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) for 2.5 h of reaction time. M. azedarach yielded 88% and R. communis yielded 93% biodiesel in 1:6 and 1:8 molar concentrations at ambient temperature whereas, 60 °C was selected as an optimum temperature, giving 90% (M. azedarach) and 94% (R. communis) biodiesel. The extracted oil and biodiesel were characterized for various parameters and most of the properties fulfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biodiesel. The further characterization of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) and oleic acid was found to be dominant in M. azedarach (61.5%) and R. communis contained ricinoleic acid (75.53%). Furthermore, the functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results suggested that both of the oils are easily available and can be used for commercial biodiesel production at a cost-effective scale.

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