scholarly journals Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Investigation of Root Bark of Caesalpinia bonducella

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh H. Wadkar ◽  
Fahim J. Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Crude Drug ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To evaluate pharmacognostic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical of investigation of root bark of Caesalpinia bonducella. Methods: The present work embodies the investigations of pharmacognostic standards including macroscopic study, powder analysis and histochemical test along with physico chemical parameter study, fluorescence analysis, qualitative and quantitative chemical assay carried out as per methods recommended by the World Health Organization and standard laboratory procedures. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude-drug. Result: The detailed microscopy revealed the presence of cork, cortex, stone cell medullary ray’s calcium oxalate crystal, starch grains, presence of tannins and alkaloids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of these plant materials revealed that presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phytosterols and carbohydrates in aqueous and ethanol extracts. Conclusion: Thus, it was thought worthwhile to explore this plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. The study will provide referential information for the correct Identification of the crude-drug.

scholarly journals Phytopharmacology of Chloroxylon swietenia: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nallagiri Charanraj ◽  
Pragada Venkateswararao ◽  
Bakshi Vasudha ◽  
Boggula Narender
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
East Indian ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chloroxylon Swietenia

The nature has provided a complete store house of remedies to use for all ailments for mankind. The knowledge on drugs has accumulated over thousands of years as a result of mans inquisitive nature. Phytomedicines or natural prescriptions, have assumed a basic part in World wellbeing for a large number of years. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), "natural medications incorporate herbs, home grown materials, home grown arrangements and completed home grown items, that contain as dynamic fixings parts of plants, or other plant materials, or blends. Chloroxylon swietenia DC. (Family: Rutaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments like fungal infection of skin, rheumatism, common cold, cough, ophthalmic infection and cataract, wounds and as an astringent. It is a tropical aromatic tree of dry deciduous forests popularly known as East Indian Satin Wood. The findings of this study will facilitate pharmacognostic standardization of the plant material and aid in the preparation of an herbal monograph for the species. Further studies on this plant must be carried out to explore some other important, necessary and unknown benefits. As the plant has multifunctional properties, this review is worthwhile and therefore it presents comprehensive analysed information on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the botanical. Keywords: Chloroxylon swietenia, phytomedicines, pharmacological aspects, anti-feedant, anti-bacterial activity, IUCN, vulnerable species.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Standardization of Petiveria alliacea L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathiyabalan G. ◽  
Paulpriya K. ◽  
Tresina P. S. ◽  
Muthukumarasamy S. ◽  
Mohan V. R.
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

There are the vast varieties of medicinal plants in the world with therapeutic properties. With increasing popularity of herbal medicine as a curative measure, the need for correct identification and standardization of the plant is also increased. Present work was performed to study the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characters of whole plant of Petiveria alliacea. The whole plant of Petiveria alliacea was investigated for its pharmacognostic parameters viz, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical attributes, fluorescence analysis and phytochemical screening and the salient diagnostic features were also documented. The preliminary phyochemical screening of methanol and ethanol extracts of P.alliacea whole plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and xanthoproteins. These studies provided referential information for identification of this crude drug.

scholarly journals Standardisation of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) Durand & Schinz: pharmacognostic evaluation and HPLC profiling of some of its steroidal alkaloids as chemical markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2710-2725
Author(s):  
Amponsah Kingsley I ◽  
Ampofo Kwesi E ◽  
Oppong Bekoe S ◽  
Harley Kingsley B ◽  
Armah Ackah F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Steroidal Alkaloids ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has encouraged the development of medicinal plant monographs in various countries. The present study therefore aimed at developing pharmacognostic standards for the quality evaluation of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) Durand & Schinz, used as anti-infective in folklore medicine. The macromorphological and micromorphological features, physicochemical, phytochemical and thin layer chromatograms of the leaves and stem bark were evaluated using standard methods. An HPLC method was also developed and validated to profile some steroidal alkaloids of the stem bark. The plant has simple, glaborous leaves, broadly lanceolate to ovate in shape and opposite in arrangement. The leaves were hypostomatic with paracytic and anomocytic stomata on the abaxial surface. The flat stem bark is light brown on the inner surface. Three alkaloids were profiled as chemical markers for the quality control of the stem bark of H. floribunda, to aid its correct identification for research and industry.

scholarly journals Phytoconstituent Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Epicarp Extracts from Mature Fruits of Persea americana Mill

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Cyuzuzo Callixte ◽  
Dusabimana Jean Damascene ◽  
Anwar Ma'aruf ◽  
Yoes Prijatna Dachlan ◽  
Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has reported the antimicrobial resistance as one among the ten threats to global health in 2019. The development of plant-derived antibiotics is currently considered as a modern medicine’s greatest success. Persea americana is a plant with high medicinal profile which allow its different parts to be used for therapeutic purposes. This study is aimed to determine the antibacterial potential of ethanol and chloroform extracts from epicarp of mature fruits of P. americana Mill against human pathogens.Materials and Methods: The epicarps of avocado were dried in oven and ground into powder using porcelain mortar and pestle. The powdered plant materials were extracted with both 96% ethanol and chloroform. Extracts were qualitatively screened to examine their bioactive contents and agar well diffusion method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of extracts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Results: Both solvents showed the ability to dissolve the secondary metabolites from avocado epicarps. Phytochemical screening disclosed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts and absence of flavonoids and tannins in chloroform extracts. The extracts showed the inhibition zones ranging from 14±4.5 mm to 26±2.1 mm while streptomycin demonstrated high inhibition zones ranging from 20±3.1 mm to 30 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts fall in the range of 0.3125 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL while the MIC values for streptomycin vary from 0.25 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL.Conclusion: The ethanol and chloroform extracts proved to be potentially effective and to be used as natural alternative preventives to fight against various disease-causing bacteria.Keywords: antibacterial activity, ethanol extract, chloroform extract, Persea americana, Rwanda

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL FACTORS ON THE CONTENT OF POLLUTANT METALS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE MIDDLE PRE-URAL REGION (ZAKURYE ISLAND IN CHUSOVOY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Solovyev ◽  
◽  
Marina G. Shcherban ◽  
Maria D. Plotnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Health Organization

According to the estimates of the World Health Organization, the share of medications based on medicinal plant materials is increasing from year to year. Along with industrial drugs, the population widely uses medicinal plants harvested on their own. However, medicinal plants growing in unfavorable environmental conditions can cause serious harm to health. Thus, it is necessary not only to control raw materials but also to study the areas where harvested medicinal plants grow, which in most cases are located in the immediate vicinity of industrial facilities. The purpose of this work was a comprehensive study of the ecological state of Zakurye Island in the town of Chusovoy and its plant communities. When planning the research work, the study area was zoned in accordance with the distance from the alleged source of pollution. In the process of work, we used standard methods of preparation and drying of medicinal plant materials, sampling of soil and water. Chemical analysis was carried out with the use of generally accepted and approved methods. A conclusion is made about a significant degree of pollution with pollutant metals of the surface and deep layers of the Chusovaya River, as well as of soil and medicinal plants near Zakurye Island. Most likely, environmental pollution is associated with poorly maintained dumps of blast-furnace slag from the Chusovoy Metallurgical Plant, located along the river bank.

Antimycobacterial Activity of Alkaloids and Extracts from Tabernaemontana alba and T. arborea

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Laura Guzmán-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mayra Silva-Miranda ◽  
Felix Krengel ◽  
Elizabeth Huerta-Salazar ◽  
Mayra León-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
World Health ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

AbstractTuberculosis is the main cause of death from a single infectious agent. Globally, according to the World Health Organization, in 2018, there were an estimated 1.2 million tuberculosis deaths. Moreover, there is a continuous appearance of drug-resistant strains. Thus, development of new antituberculosis medicines should receive high priority. Plant-derived natural products are promising candidates for this purpose. We therefore screened alkaloid extracts obtained from the root and stem barks of the Mexican Apocynaceae species Tabernaemontana alba and Tabernaemontana arborea, as well as the pure alkaloids ibogaine, voacangine, and voacamine, tested for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and cytotoxicity to mammalian Vero cells using the resazurin microtiter and the MTT assays, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-UV. T. arborea root bark alkaloid extract showed the highest activity against M. tuberculosis (MIC100 = 7.8 µg/mL) of the four extracts tested. HPLC suggested that voacangine and voacamine were the major components. The latter was isolated by column chromatography, and its chemical structure was elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR, and MS. Unambiguous assignation was performed by HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments. Voacamine is a dimeric bis-indole-type alkaloid and is 15 times more potent than the monomeric ibogan-type alkaloids ibogaine and voacangine (MIC100 = 15.6, 250.0, and 250.0 µg/mL, respectively). However, all of these compounds showed cytotoxicity to Vero cells, with a poor selectivity index of 1.00, 0.16, and 1.42, respectively. This is the first report of voacamine activity against M. tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Study of Cultivated Plants in Kaišiadorys District, Lithuania: Possible Trends for New Herbal Based Medicines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivile Pranskuniene ◽  
Kristina Ratkeviciute ◽  
Zenona Simaitiene ◽  
Andrius Pranskunas ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Despite the growing body of ethnobotanical studies in Europe, publications are scarce in Lithuania. Ethnobotanical study in Kaišiadorys district is one of the few from this field done in Lithuania. Lithuania is divided into five ethnographic regions, and Kaišiadorys district is an area which borders with the three of them (Aukštaitija, Dzūkija, and Suvalkija), which determines the ethnographic distinctiveness of the area. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of cultivated medicinal plants, their families and pharmaceutical forms used in Kaišiadorys district, Lithuania, and to assess the conformity of medicinal plant materials used by respondents with the recommendations for medicinal plant materials in the World Health Organization monographs. Methods. The field work was conducted in periods of time from July 2016 to October 2017. During this ethnobotanical research, 30 people were interviewed, 25 of whom agreed to communicate. The average age of respondents was 65 years. Information was collected using semistructured and structured interviews. The obtained information was recorded indicating ethnic names of plants, their preparation techniques, parts used, modes of administration, and application for therapeutic purposes. Results. Respondents mentioned 71 species of cultivated medicinal plants from 38 families, used for therapeutic purposes and indicated which parts of the plant they use, how they prepare them, indications for use, and ways of administration. The most commonly cited families were Asteraceae (20.5%), Lamiaceae (13.9%), and Apiaceae (12.8%); most popular plants, cited more than 20 times, were Tilia cordata L., Matricaria recutita L., Calendula officinalis L., Carum carvi L., and Artemisia absinthium L. The frequently used plant parts were flowers (mentioned 35.8%), leaves (16.3%), roots and tubers (16.1%), herb (14.8%), and seeds (7.0%). Diseases most frequently treated were digestive (21.5% of citations), respiratory (21.3 % of citations), mental and behavioral (11.0%) disorders, certain infections and parasitic diseases (10.1%), and diseases of genitourinary system (9.1%). Conclusions. Only 19 of the cultivated medicinal plant species mentioned by interviewed persons are described in the World Health Organization monographs. This means that the remaining 52 species are used without the World Health Organization approved medical indications, based solely on the folk medicine knowledge and experience. This study showed that the folk use of plants is strongly rooted in daily practice in the studied area.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

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