Alpha Mangostin and Xanthone from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana l.) Role on Glucose Tolerance and Glucose Transporter-4 in Diabetes Mellitus
Objective: This research elaborated role of alpha mangostin and xanthone on glucose tolerance and Glucose Transporter (GLUT)-4 by measuring blood glucose level and GLUT-4 expression on cardiac cell musce and adipocyte cell culture. Methods: Glucose tolerance test were conducted using male wistar rat divided into 9 groups, which were normal, control (D-Glucose induced only), glibenclamide, various doses of -mangostin and xanthone (5, 10, 20 mg/kgbw). All group induced by D-glucose 3 g/kg orally 30 minutes later. Blood glucose levels changes were observed at 90th and 150th minute. GLUT-4 study conducted for 3 weeks on mice that divided into 10 groups which were normal, diabetic control mice (alloxan induced only), metformin, glibenclamide, various doses of -mangostin and xanthone (5, 10, 20 mg/kgbw). GLUT-4 expression than observed on cardiac cell muscle. While other study observed GLUT-4 expression on adipocyte cell culture that treated with -mangostin/xanthone/pioglitazone. Results: Normal group (non-diabetic) responds slightly to the administration of glucose in glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose level in every group in the 90th up to 150th minute decreased significantly when compared to the positive control group (p >0.05). This shows that glucose tolerance does not occur in all treated groups althought they were treated with high glucose consentration. GLUT-4 expressions in mice cardiac-musce cells that treated with -mangostin/xanthone/ glibenclamide/metformin significantly increased when compared to the positive control group, except in group treated with xanthone 5 mg/kgbw. GLUT-4 expressions also increase in adipocytes that treated with 3.125 mM; 6.25 mM and 25 mM 𝛼–mangostin, equivalent to pioglitazone. All treatment group results significantly different when compared with control. The effect of 𝛼–mangostin on GLUT-4 expression better than xanthone’s. Conclusion: Alpha mangostin and xanthone are two substances that showed protective effect to glucose tolerance and also have potential effect to improve insulin resistance by increasing GLUT-4 on cardiac muscle and adipocyte.