scholarly journals SAKARIFIKASI LUMPUR PRIMER INDUSTRI KERTAS SECARA FED BATCH MENJADI GLUKOSA UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL (FED BATCH SACCHARIFICATION OF PRIMARY PAPER MILL SLUDGE TO PRODUCE FERMENTABLE SUGAR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Krisna Septiningrum ◽  
Saepulloh Saepulloh ◽  
Prima Besty Asthary
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Virgin Pulp

Research of fed batch saccharification using paper mill primary sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been conducted. The research was conducted in several stages i.e. sludge characterization, determining optimum dosage of cellulase and glucosidase through batch saccharification, and continued with fed batch saccharification. The characterization was performed on 3 primary sludge type from 3 paper mill, which are print paper mill with virgin pulp raw material, paper tissue mill with virgin pulp raw material and core board mill with waste paper raw material. The characterization results showed that the sludge derived from the tissue paper mill with virgin pulp raw material has the highest content of cellulose which is 47.06%, this sludge was used as further research material. The initial trial of batch saccharification at 6% w/w and temperature of 60oC gave optimum dosage of cellulase 9 FPU/g cellulose and β-glucosidase 80 IU/g cellulose with reducing sugar 20.01 g/L and a saccharification efficiency of 63.84%. Fed batch saccharification was performed on tissue paper mill sludge at cellulase and glucosidase enzyme doses respectively 9 FPU/g cellulose and 80 IU/g, temperature 60°C and initial pH of 4 with two variables, which are cumulative solid content (10%, 14%, and 18% w/v) and feed enzyme system (at the beginning and in step). The best results were obtained at fed batch sakarifikasi with gradual enzyme feeding at 14% solids content resulting in reducing sugar 43.899 g/L and efficiency 60.03%. 

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Lumpur Primer Industri Kertas sebagai Absorben

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana ◽  
Saepulloh Saepulloh ◽  
Reynaldo Biantoro
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Increase Surface Area ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Virgin Pulp

The Utilization of Primary Sludge from Paper Mills as AbsorbentAbstractThe primary sludge from paper mill contains cellulose fiber that has high absorption capacity and potential to be used as an absorbent for hydrophobic compounds. The utilization of primary sludge from paper mill using raw material of waste paper and virgin pulp to be used as an absorbent has been conducted. The stages process of absorbent fabrication was consisted of three stages such as drying, mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical process conducted were crushing and grinding methods to increase surface area and pore volume of sludge. Meanwhile silanization process as chemical treatment using solution of γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane in ethanol to improve the hydrophobic properties of primary sludge was also done. Absorbent products were tested for the maximum sorbency, the sorbent performance, absorption of hydrophobic liquid, absorption of hydrophobic dust, and contact angle test to conduct their performance. The absorbency of absorbent product which is covered by cushion material was also tested. Result indicated that the absorption performance of some absorbent product is higher than commercial absorbent on hydrophobic liquid and hydrophobic dust absorption test. But it was lower than commercial absorbent on maximum sorbency and the sorbent performance test. The use of cushion material as a wrapper could make it easy in the collection and could increase the absorbency.Keywords: primary sludge; mechanical; silanization; absorbent; hydrophobic AbstrakLumpur primer dari industri kertas mengandung serat selulosa yang memiliki daya serap tinggi dan memiliki potensi dimanfaatkan sebagai absorben senyawa hidrofobik. Pemanfaatan lumpur primer industri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas dan virgin pulp sebagai absorben telah dilakukan. Tahapan proses pembuatan absorben dari lumpur primer meliputi proses pengeringan, proses mekanis, dan proses kimia. Proses mekanis yang dilakukan adalah crushing dan grinding untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan dan volume pori-pori lumpur dilanjutkan dengan proses silanisasi (silanization) sebagai perlakuan kimia menggunakan larutan γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane dalam etanol untuk meningkatkan sifat hidrofobik lumpur. Produk absorben diuji daya serap maksimum (maximum sorbency), kinerja absorben, penyerapan cairan hidrofobik, penyerapan debu hidrofobik, dan pengujian sudut kontak. Daya serap produk absorben yang ditutup bahan bahan cushion juga diuji. Hasil menunjukkan kemampuan absorbsi cairan hidrofobik dan debu hidrofobik dari beberapa perlakuan produk absorben lebih tinggi dari absorben komersial, sedangkan hasil maximum sorbency dan uji kinerja absorben menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dari absorben komersial. Penggunaan bahan cushion sebagai pembungkus dapat memudahkan dalam pengumpulan dan dapat meningkatkan penyerapan.Kata kunci: lumpur primer; mekanis; silanisasi; absorben; hidrofobik 

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Yusup Setiawan ◽  
Susi Sugesty
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Virgin Pulp

Investigation on utilization of sludge waste from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of pulp and paper mill for bioethanol feedstock in a batch system at laboratory scale has been carried out. Experiments were conducted in three phases, namely the hydrolysis process; the fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the simultaneous saccharification-fermentation experiments. Ethanol concentration produced was tested by the HPLC method. Results show that t primary sludge from paper mills made from virgin pulp (sludge A) and primary sludge from pulp and paper made from raw wood (sludge B) at a 2% total solids having potential as raw material for bioethanol. The optimum conditions of the hydrolysis process of sludge A and sludge B is obtained from the sludge solids content of 6%, with the addition of cellulase of 9 FPU/g cellulose and beta-glucosidase of 6.7 IU/FPU for the incubation time of 48 hours producing the reducing sugar content of 31.3% and 36.2% with the hydrolysis efficiency of 64% and 71% respectively. On the SSF process conditions at pH of 4.5, temperature of 28oC for 96 hours, the sludge substrate A can produce ethanol with the concentration of 3.45% and the process efficiency of 72.5% and the sludge substrate B can produce ethanol with the concentration of 2.89% and the process efficiency of 60.8%.Keywords: bioethanol, cellulase, hydrolysis, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sludge  ABSTRAK Penelitian pemanfaatan sludge Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) industri pulp dan kertas untuk bahan baku bioetanol dengan sistem batch pada skala laboratorium telah dilakukan. Percobaan dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan yaitu proses hidrolisis dengan enzim; proses fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan proses sakarifikasi-fermentasi serentak (SFS) pada satu reaktor. Kadar etanol yang dihasilkan diuji dengan metode HPLC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dari 4 jenis sludge yang diteliti, sludge primer dari pabrik kertas berbahan baku virgin pulp (sludge A) dan dari pabrik pulp dan kertas berbahan baku kayu (sludge B) berpotensi sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Kondisi optimum percobaan proses hidrolisis sludge A dan sludge B diperoleh dari perlakuan dengan kadar padatan 6%, dosis selulase 9 FPU/g selulosa; dosis beta glukosidase 6,7 IU/FPU dengan lama inkubasi 48 jam, masing-masing menghasilkan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 31,3% dan 36,2% dengan efisiensi hidrolisis 64% dan 71%. Pada percobaan SFS dengan kondisi proses pH 4,5 pada suhu 28oC selama 96 jam, substrat sludge A dapat menghasilkan etanol sebesar 3,45% dengan efisiensi proses 72,5% dan substrat sludge B dapat menghasilkan etanol sebesar 2,89% dengan efisiensi proses 60,8%.Kata kunci: bioetanol, selulase, hidrolisis, fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sludge

scholarly journals LUMPUR PRIMER IPAL INDUSTRI KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ALTERNATIF BIOETANOL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saepulloh , ◽  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Prima Besty Asthary
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Glucose Fermentation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Primary Sludge

Primary sludge from paper mill waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is a potential raw material for ethanol production because of its high organic content especially cellulose. This study consisted of two main stage: cellulose hydrolisis and glucose fermentation. Primary sludge was hydrolyzed using cellulase with concentration of 10, 20, and 25 FPU/g cellulose under conditions of pH 5.5 and temperature 50oC for 24, 48, 72, and 98 hours. Glucose obtained from hydrolis was fermented in optimum condition (pH 4.5 and temperature 28oC) using 10% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum for 24, 48, 72, and 98 hours. The results showed that the optimum hydrolysis was achieved using cellulase 25 FPU within 72 hours with glucose content obtained was 1.92% and saccharification degree was 61.05%. Ethanol produced from glucose fermentation was about 0.77% and fermentation degree was 78.5%. Overall conversion yield was 46.61% and ethanol yield was 192.5 g/kg dry weight.Keywords: papermill primary sludge,cellulose, cellulase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bioethanol  ABSTRAKLumpur primer dari IPAL industri kertas mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi bioetanol, karena kandungan organiknya yang tinggi terutama selulosa. Lumpur primer IPAL diperoleh dari industri kertas berbahan baku virgin pulp. Secara garis besar percobaan dilakukan dengan sistem dua tahap yaitu proses hidrolisis selulosa dan dilanjut proses fermentasi glukosa. Percobaan proses hidrolisis selulosa dilakukan pada pH 5,5 dan suhu 50oC dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu dosis selulase (10, 20, dan 25 FPU/g selulosa) dan lama proses hidrolisis (24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam), sedangkan percobaan proses fermentasi dilakukan terhadap glukosa hasil proses hidrolis pada kondisi optimumnya. Proses fermentasi dilakukan pada pH 4,5 dan suhu 28oC menggunakan ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae sebanyak 10% dengan perlakuan lama inkubasi (24; 48; 72; 96 jam). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum proses hidrolisis diperoleh pada dosis selulase 25 FPU/g selulosa selama 72 jam, dengan kadar glukosa 1,92% dan derajat sakarifikasi 61,05%. Kadar etanol yang diperoleh dari proses fermentasi glukosa hasil hidrolisis adalah 0,77% dengan efisiensi fermentasi 78,5%. Secara keseluruhan efisiensi konversi selulosa pada lumpur primer IPAL industri kertas menjadi etanol adalah 46,61% dengan yield sebesar 192 g/kg berat kering.Kata kunci: lumpur primer industri kertas, selulosa, selulase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bioetanol

Potensi Sludge dari Industri Kertas Sebagai Bahan Baku Chipboard

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Rina Masriani
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Ft Ir

From the regulatory perspectives, pulp and paper mill sludge management as a environmental issue is significant. The restricted of imported recycle paper is a problem for the pulp and paper industry. Therefore a research was conducted to determine utilization potential of the WWTP sludge from paper industry in Indonesia as raw material for chipboard based on the characteristics of the sludge. The environmental aspects evaluation also has been cundected TCLP test and toxicology LD50 to determine whether the sludge waste category B3. The test results showed that the levels of alpha cellulose sludge is high (45-84%). Primary Sludge from virgin pulp contains high alpha cellulose (76-84%), ash content (3-14%), and the fines are quite low (30-34%). Potential of primary and final sludge to be used as raw material for chipboard. However, the primary sludge is generally recycled so that the final sludge are more preferable to be utilized. The results of FT-IR spectra analysis showed that the dominant chemical components in the sludge are cellulose. Fiber and fines content in line with the observation using SEM. Based on the results of the TCLP test and LD50, it is known that the sludge contains heavy metals, inorganic and organic are stable, so it is safe for the environment and can be utilized. Thus sludge has potential as a raw material for chipboard.ABSTRAKPengelolaan limbah sebagai isu lingkungan penting untuk dilakukan, terutama dari perspektif regulasi.  Adanya larangan impor kertas daur ulang, merupakan masalah bagi industri pulp dan kertas.  Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk meneliti potensi pemanfaatan sludge IPAL dari industri kertas di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard berdasarkan karakteristik sludge. Evaluasi terhadap aspek lingkungan berdasarkan uji karakteristik beracun TCLP dan uji toksikologi LD50 untuk mengetahui apakah sludge termasuk kategori limbah B3 juga dilakukan. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa  kadar alfa selulosa sludge relatif cukup tinggi (45-84%). Sludge primer pulp virgin mengandung kadar alfa selulosa yang tinggi (76-84 %), kadar abu (3-14 %), dan kadar fines yang cukup rendah (30-34 %). Sludge primer maupun sludge  final berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard. Akan tetapi sludge primer pada umumnya didaur ulang sehingga sludge final lebih berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Hasil analisa spektra FT-IR sludge menunjukkan bahwa komponen kimia yang dominan dalam sludge adalah selulosa. Data kandungan serat dan kandungan fines sejalan dengan pengamatan menggunakan SEM. Berdasarkan hasil uji TCLP dan LD50, diketahui bahwa sludge mengandung logam berat, inorganik dan organik yang bersifat stabil, sehingga aman terhadap lingkungan dan dapat dimanfaatkan. Dengan demikian sludge mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku pada industri karton chipboard. Kata kunci : Chipboard, industri kertas, LD50, sludge IPAL, TCLP

Potensi Sludge dari Industri Kertas Sebagai Bahan Baku Chipboard

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Rina Masriani
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Ft Ir

From the regulatory perspectives, pulp and paper mill sludge management as a environmental issue is significant. The restricted of imported recycle paper is a problem for the pulp and paper industry. Therefore a research was conducted to determine utilization potential of the WWTP sludge from paper industry in Indonesia as raw material for chipboard based on the characteristics of the sludge. The environmental aspects evaluation also has been cundected TCLP test and toxicology LD50 to determine whether the sludge waste category B3. The test results showed that the levels of alpha cellulose sludge is high (45-84%). Primary Sludge from virgin pulp contains high alpha cellulose (76-84%), ash content (3-14%), and the fines are quite low (30-34%). Potential of primary and final sludge to be used as raw material for chipboard. However, the primary sludge is generally recycled so that the final sludge are more preferable to be utilized. The results of FT-IR spectra analysis showed that the dominant chemical components in the sludge are cellulose. Fiber and fines content in line with the observation using SEM. Based on the results of the TCLP test and LD50, it is known that the sludge contains heavy metals, inorganic and organic are stable, so it is safe for the environment and can be utilized. Thus sludge has potential as a raw material for chipboard.ABSTRAKPengelolaan limbah sebagai isu lingkungan penting untuk dilakukan, terutama dari perspektif regulasi.  Adanya larangan impor kertas daur ulang, merupakan masalah bagi industri pulp dan kertas.  Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk meneliti potensi pemanfaatan sludge IPAL dari industri kertas di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard berdasarkan karakteristik sludge. Evaluasi terhadap aspek lingkungan berdasarkan uji karakteristik beracun TCLP dan uji toksikologi LD50 untuk mengetahui apakah sludge termasuk kategori limbah B3 juga dilakukan. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa  kadar alfa selulosa sludge relatif cukup tinggi (45-84%). Sludge primer pulp virgin mengandung kadar alfa selulosa yang tinggi (76-84 %), kadar abu (3-14 %), dan kadar fines yang cukup rendah (30-34 %). Sludge primer maupun sludge  final berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard. Akan tetapi sludge primer pada umumnya didaur ulang sehingga sludge final lebih berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Hasil analisa spektra FT-IR sludge menunjukkan bahwa komponen kimia yang dominan dalam sludge adalah selulosa. Data kandungan serat dan kandungan fines sejalan dengan pengamatan menggunakan SEM. Berdasarkan hasil uji TCLP dan LD50, diketahui bahwa sludge mengandung logam berat, inorganik dan organik yang bersifat stabil, sehingga aman terhadap lingkungan dan dapat dimanfaatkan. Dengan demikian sludge mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku pada industri karton chipboard. Kata kunci : Chipboard, industri kertas, LD50, sludge IPAL, TCLP

Adsorption behaviors of paper mill sludge biochar to remove Cu, Zn and As in wastewater

2021 ◽  
pp. 101616
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Xu ◽  
Yunqin Lin ◽  
Yuejin Lin ◽  
De Yang ◽  
Haomin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors
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