Pemanfaatan Lumpur Primer Industri Kertas sebagai Absorben

The Utilization of Primary Sludge from Paper Mills as AbsorbentAbstractThe primary sludge from paper mill contains cellulose fiber that has high absorption capacity and potential to be used as an absorbent for hydrophobic compounds. The utilization of primary sludge from paper mill using raw material of waste paper and virgin pulp to be used as an absorbent has been conducted. The stages process of absorbent fabrication was consisted of three stages such as drying, mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical process conducted were crushing and grinding methods to increase surface area and pore volume of sludge. Meanwhile silanization process as chemical treatment using solution of γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane in ethanol to improve the hydrophobic properties of primary sludge was also done. Absorbent products were tested for the maximum sorbency, the sorbent performance, absorption of hydrophobic liquid, absorption of hydrophobic dust, and contact angle test to conduct their performance. The absorbency of absorbent product which is covered by cushion material was also tested. Result indicated that the absorption performance of some absorbent product is higher than commercial absorbent on hydrophobic liquid and hydrophobic dust absorption test. But it was lower than commercial absorbent on maximum sorbency and the sorbent performance test. The use of cushion material as a wrapper could make it easy in the collection and could increase the absorbency.Keywords: primary sludge; mechanical; silanization; absorbent; hydrophobic AbstrakLumpur primer dari industri kertas mengandung serat selulosa yang memiliki daya serap tinggi dan memiliki potensi dimanfaatkan sebagai absorben senyawa hidrofobik. Pemanfaatan lumpur primer industri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas dan virgin pulp sebagai absorben telah dilakukan. Tahapan proses pembuatan absorben dari lumpur primer meliputi proses pengeringan, proses mekanis, dan proses kimia. Proses mekanis yang dilakukan adalah crushing dan grinding untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan dan volume pori-pori lumpur dilanjutkan dengan proses silanisasi (silanization) sebagai perlakuan kimia menggunakan larutan γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane dalam etanol untuk meningkatkan sifat hidrofobik lumpur. Produk absorben diuji daya serap maksimum (maximum sorbency), kinerja absorben, penyerapan cairan hidrofobik, penyerapan debu hidrofobik, dan pengujian sudut kontak. Daya serap produk absorben yang ditutup bahan bahan cushion juga diuji. Hasil menunjukkan kemampuan absorbsi cairan hidrofobik dan debu hidrofobik dari beberapa perlakuan produk absorben lebih tinggi dari absorben komersial, sedangkan hasil maximum sorbency dan uji kinerja absorben menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dari absorben komersial. Penggunaan bahan cushion sebagai pembungkus dapat memudahkan dalam pengumpulan dan dapat meningkatkan penyerapan.Kata kunci: lumpur primer; mekanis; silanisasi; absorben; hidrofobik

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Potensi Sludge dari Industri Kertas Sebagai Bahan Baku Chipboard

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v9i1.1635 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Henggar Hardiani ◽

Rina Masriani

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Ft Ir

From the regulatory perspectives, pulp and paper mill sludge management as a environmental issue is significant. The restricted of imported recycle paper is a problem for the pulp and paper industry. Therefore a research was conducted to determine utilization potential of the WWTP sludge from paper industry in Indonesia as raw material for chipboard based on the characteristics of the sludge. The environmental aspects evaluation also has been cundected TCLP test and toxicology LD50 to determine whether the sludge waste category B3. The test results showed that the levels of alpha cellulose sludge is high (45-84%). Primary Sludge from virgin pulp contains high alpha cellulose (76-84%), ash content (3-14%), and the fines are quite low (30-34%). Potential of primary and final sludge to be used as raw material for chipboard. However, the primary sludge is generally recycled so that the final sludge are more preferable to be utilized. The results of FT-IR spectra analysis showed that the dominant chemical components in the sludge are cellulose. Fiber and fines content in line with the observation using SEM. Based on the results of the TCLP test and LD50, it is known that the sludge contains heavy metals, inorganic and organic are stable, so it is safe for the environment and can be utilized. Thus sludge has potential as a raw material for chipboard.ABSTRAKPengelolaan limbah sebagai isu lingkungan penting untuk dilakukan, terutama dari perspektif regulasi. Adanya larangan impor kertas daur ulang, merupakan masalah bagi industri pulp dan kertas. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk meneliti potensi pemanfaatan sludge IPAL dari industri kertas di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard berdasarkan karakteristik sludge. Evaluasi terhadap aspek lingkungan berdasarkan uji karakteristik beracun TCLP dan uji toksikologi LD50 untuk mengetahui apakah sludge termasuk kategori limbah B3 juga dilakukan. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa kadar alfa selulosa sludge relatif cukup tinggi (45-84%). Sludge primer pulp virgin mengandung kadar alfa selulosa yang tinggi (76-84 %), kadar abu (3-14 %), dan kadar fines yang cukup rendah (30-34 %). Sludge primer maupun sludge final berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan chipboard. Akan tetapi sludge primer pada umumnya didaur ulang sehingga sludge final lebih berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan. Hasil analisa spektra FT-IR sludge menunjukkan bahwa komponen kimia yang dominan dalam sludge adalah selulosa. Data kandungan serat dan kandungan fines sejalan dengan pengamatan menggunakan SEM. Berdasarkan hasil uji TCLP dan LD50, diketahui bahwa sludge mengandung logam berat, inorganik dan organik yang bersifat stabil, sehingga aman terhadap lingkungan dan dapat dimanfaatkan. Dengan demikian sludge mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku pada industri karton chipboard. Kata kunci : Chipboard, industri kertas, LD50, sludge IPAL, TCLP

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SAKARIFIKASI LUMPUR PRIMER INDUSTRI KERTAS SECARA FED BATCH MENJADI GLUKOSA UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL (FED BATCH SACCHARIFICATION OF PRIMARY PAPER MILL SLUDGE TO PRODUCE FERMENTABLE SUGAR)

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v7i02.169 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (02) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽

Rina S. Soetopo ◽

Krisna Septiningrum ◽

Saepulloh Saepulloh ◽

Prima Besty Asthary

Keyword(s):

Paper Mill ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽

Fed Batch ◽

Paper Mill Sludge ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Tissue Paper ◽

Optimum Dosage ◽

Virgin Pulp

Research of fed batch saccharification using paper mill primary sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been conducted. The research was conducted in several stages i.e. sludge characterization, determining optimum dosage of cellulase and glucosidase through batch saccharification, and continued with fed batch saccharification. The characterization was performed on 3 primary sludge type from 3 paper mill, which are print paper mill with virgin pulp raw material, paper tissue mill with virgin pulp raw material and core board mill with waste paper raw material. The characterization results showed that the sludge derived from the tissue paper mill with virgin pulp raw material has the highest content of cellulose which is 47.06%, this sludge was used as further research material. The initial trial of batch saccharification at 6% w/w and temperature of 60oC gave optimum dosage of cellulase 9 FPU/g cellulose and β-glucosidase 80 IU/g cellulose with reducing sugar 20.01 g/L and a saccharification efficiency of 63.84%. Fed batch saccharification was performed on tissue paper mill sludge at cellulase and glucosidase enzyme doses respectively 9 FPU/g cellulose and 80 IU/g, temperature 60°C and initial pH of 4 with two variables, which are cumulative solid content (10%, 14%, and 18% w/v) and feed enzyme system (at the beginning and in step). The best results were obtained at fed batch sakarifikasi with gradual enzyme feeding at 14% solids content resulting in reducing sugar 43.899 g/L and efficiency 60.03%.

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Potensi Sludge dari Industri Kertas Sebagai Bahan Baku Chipboard

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v9i1.1695 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Henggar Hardiani ◽

Rina Masriani

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Ft Ir

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PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v2i02.34 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Rina S. Soetopo ◽

Sri Purwati ◽

Yusup Setiawan ◽

Susi Sugesty

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Virgin Pulp

Investigation on utilization of sludge waste from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of pulp and paper mill for bioethanol feedstock in a batch system at laboratory scale has been carried out. Experiments were conducted in three phases, namely the hydrolysis process; the fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the simultaneous saccharification-fermentation experiments. Ethanol concentration produced was tested by the HPLC method. Results show that t primary sludge from paper mills made from virgin pulp (sludge A) and primary sludge from pulp and paper made from raw wood (sludge B) at a 2% total solids having potential as raw material for bioethanol. The optimum conditions of the hydrolysis process of sludge A and sludge B is obtained from the sludge solids content of 6%, with the addition of cellulase of 9 FPU/g cellulose and beta-glucosidase of 6.7 IU/FPU for the incubation time of 48 hours producing the reducing sugar content of 31.3% and 36.2% with the hydrolysis efficiency of 64% and 71% respectively. On the SSF process conditions at pH of 4.5, temperature of 28oC for 96 hours, the sludge substrate A can produce ethanol with the concentration of 3.45% and the process efficiency of 72.5% and the sludge substrate B can produce ethanol with the concentration of 2.89% and the process efficiency of 60.8%.Keywords: bioethanol, cellulase, hydrolysis, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sludge ABSTRAK Penelitian pemanfaatan sludge Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) industri pulp dan kertas untuk bahan baku bioetanol dengan sistem batch pada skala laboratorium telah dilakukan. Percobaan dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan yaitu proses hidrolisis dengan enzim; proses fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan proses sakarifikasi-fermentasi serentak (SFS) pada satu reaktor. Kadar etanol yang dihasilkan diuji dengan metode HPLC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dari 4 jenis sludge yang diteliti, sludge primer dari pabrik kertas berbahan baku virgin pulp (sludge A) dan dari pabrik pulp dan kertas berbahan baku kayu (sludge B) berpotensi sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Kondisi optimum percobaan proses hidrolisis sludge A dan sludge B diperoleh dari perlakuan dengan kadar padatan 6%, dosis selulase 9 FPU/g selulosa; dosis beta glukosidase 6,7 IU/FPU dengan lama inkubasi 48 jam, masing-masing menghasilkan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 31,3% dan 36,2% dengan efisiensi hidrolisis 64% dan 71%. Pada percobaan SFS dengan kondisi proses pH 4,5 pada suhu 28oC selama 96 jam, substrat sludge A dapat menghasilkan etanol sebesar 3,45% dengan efisiensi proses 72,5% dan substrat sludge B dapat menghasilkan etanol sebesar 2,89% dengan efisiensi proses 60,8%.Kata kunci: bioetanol, selulase, hidrolisis, fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sludge

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Effect of log loading on the performance of wood room

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p201-210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 201-210

Author(s):

Ari Isokangas ◽

Kari Ala-Kaila ◽

Markku Ohenoja ◽

Aki Sorsa ◽

Kauko Leiviskä

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Material Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Level Control ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Remarkable Effect ◽

Loading Process ◽

Small Wood

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse the log loading process of wood room, which is typically the first processing unit in pulp and paper mills. The aim is to improve the log loading process to obtain production with a constant log flow of well de-iced logs to the debarking drum. This way it is possible to reduce costs and enhance product quality. The research was carried out utilising a log loading simulator. The parameters of the simulation model were selected on the basis of process observations on a mill. The results indicate that it is essential to adjust the process and equipment parameters, raw material properties and truck loader operation together in order to reach the target capacity with minimum costs. Especially the speed of the infeed conveyor affects all performance criteria and should be selected carefully. In addition, wood yard logistics and raw material properties have a remarkable effect on the wood room performance. The results can be utilised in mills to allow the upper level control perform in a planned way so that small wood loss and good product quality can be obtained.

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ADVANCED TREATMENT OF PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS BY A TWO-STAGE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0094 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 173-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Knudsen ◽

J. A. Pedersen ◽

J. Munck

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Activated Sludge Process ◽

Two Stage ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Paper Mill Effluents ◽

Scale Test ◽

Oxygen Requirements

The work presented in this paper concerns the application of a two-stage aerobic activated sludge process for treatment of effluents from paper mills in Denmark. The paper describes both pilot-scale test results and fullscale experience with the process. The treatment process is characterised by a bigh-load first stage (2-4 kg COD/kg MLSSxd) followed by a low-load second stage to secure full nitrification and denitrification of remaining nitrogen compounds. The results of continuous pilot-scale tests show that it is possible to obtain a reduction of more than 85% of the incoming COD,01 and a 99% reduction of the incoming BOD5, resulting in an effluent quality of 230 mg CODsol/l and less than 10 mg BOD5/l. As indicated, practically all the biodegradable organic substances are removed by the process. The remaining fraction of soluble organics measured as COD is considered to be non-biodegradable by conventional biological treatment systems. The results produced in the pilot-scale tests are confirmed by the effluent qualities obtained in a full-scale treatment plant at another paper mill, involving an identical process concept. During the pilot-scale tests, special attention bas been paid to the removal of organic compounds, organic nitrogen as well as nutrients and nitrification. In addition, the sludge characteristics and the oxygen requirements have been considered.

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The Paradoxes of Paper Mill Employment

Shredding Paper ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501753152.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 46-92

Author(s):

Michael G. Hillard

Keyword(s):

Critical Role ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Economic Security ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

High Status ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Industrial Community ◽

Special Skill

This chapter depicts and unpacks the nature of production and work, the special skill profile that made paper mills distinct if not unique, and how over time owners and workers forged a mutually acceptable paternalism. It describes paternalism as the glue that made Maine's paper mills both successful businesses and durable communities during the paper industry's halcyon years from the late nineteenth century through the 1970s. It also looks at the situation in the S. D. Warren Company to understand the critical role of skill and the paradox of suffering and success that marked the paper workers' lives. The chapter highlights that paper mill work delivered high wages and benefits, and offered remarkable jobs and economic security with few parallels in Maine's generally lower-wage, blue-collar sectors. It reveals how the lives of paper mill workers demonstrate the crucial place of skills, craft pride, and membership in a high-status industrial community.

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Extraction and characterization of cellulose fiber of durian rinds from north sumatera as the raw material for textile fiber

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1232/1/012017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1232 ◽

pp. 012017

Author(s):

Rosliana Lubis ◽

Riyanto ◽

Basuki Wirjosentono ◽

Eddyanto ◽

Amanda Septevani

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Raw Material ◽

Textile Fiber

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Effect of Control Technology on Properties of Quartz Porous Brick

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.564 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 564-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Long He ◽

Jin Shi Li ◽

Mei Hua Chen ◽

Yan Yang ◽

Xin Peng Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

High Performance ◽

Performance Test ◽

Holding Time ◽

Raw Material ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Low Grade ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Foaming Agent

A high-performance quartz sand insulation brick was prepared by using low grade quartz sand under different sintering process conditions. The optimum sintering process conditions were obtained by analyzing the relationship between microstructure and sintering process. Through the compounding, pulping, forming, drying and sintering processes, and the performance test of the porous brick, the following conclusions can be drawn, the comprehensive performance in all aspects, the porosity is similar, the preferred high compressive strength conditions, in order to get a best The bonding point, brick body sintering temperature of 1150 °C, porosity of 74.56%, compressive strength of 2.1 MPa of porous brick, and the pores are smooth, more uniform distribution. With the prolonging of the holding time, the porosity of the porous brick is reduced, and the performance is 1h, the porosity is 77.22% and the compressive strength is 2.05 MPa. When the raw material ratio is 60% quartz sand, 30wt% kaolin, calcium carbonate 9.6wt%, foaming agent 0.4wt%, water ratio 0.9 holding time at 1h sintering at 1150°C can get better porosity and compressive strength of the insulation brick. The porous material was sintered at 1150 °C, the content of foaming agent was 0.2wt%, the ratio of water to material was 0.9, and the compressive pressure and porosity were the better.

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