Influence of Supplemental Sulfur on in Vitro and in Vivo Microbial Fermentation of Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Spears ◽  
D. G. Ely ◽  
L. P. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Microbial Fermentation

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on rumen microbial fermentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo ◽  
Juana C. Chagas ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Sophie J. Krizsan
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Asparagopsis Taxiformis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural supplement for reducing methane production from cattle. A. taxiformis contains several anti-methanogenic compounds including bromoform that inhibits directly methanogenesis. The positive and adverse effects of A. taxiformis on the rumen microbiota are dose-dependent and operate in a dynamic fashion. It is therefore key to characterize the dynamic response of the rumen microbial fermentation for identifying optimal conditions on the use of A. taxiformis as a dietary supplement for methane mitigation. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to model the effect of A. taxiformis supplementation on the rumen microbial fermentation under in vitro conditions. We adapted a published mathematical model of rumen microbial fermentation to account for A. taxiformis supplementation. We modelled the impact of A. taxiformis on the fermentation and methane production by two mechanisms, namely (i) direct inhibition of the growth rate of methanogenesis by bromoform and (ii) hydrogen control on sugars utilization and on the flux distribution towards volatile fatty acids production. We calibrated our model using a multi-experiment estimation approach that integrated experimental data with six macroalgae supplementation levels from a published in vitro study assessing the dose-response impact of A. taxiformis on rumen fermentation.Resultsour model captured satisfactorily the effect of A. taxiformis on the dynamic profile of rumen microbial fermentation for the six supplementation levels of A. taxiformis with an average determination coefficient of 0.88 and an average coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error of 15.2% for acetate, butyrate, propionate, ammonia and methane.Conclusionsour results indicated the potential of our model as prediction tool for assessing the impact of additives such as seaweeds on the rumen microbial fermentation and methane production in vitro. Additional dynamic data on hydrogen and bromoform are required to validate our model structure and look for model structure improvements. We are working on model extensions to account for in vivo conditions. We expect this model development can be useful to help the design of sustainable nutritional strategies promoting healthy rumen function and low environmental footprint.

The effects of method of processing on the intake and digestibility by lambs of dried perennial rye-grass and tall fescue

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Tetlow ◽  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARYCobs and pellets which differed in particle size (modulus of fineness, MF) were prepared from dried perennial ryegrass and tall fescue and given to sheep. The MF values of the feeds were 2·45,1·09,0·81 and 0·74 for perennial ryegrass and 2·28,0·84,0·67 and 0·57 for tall fescue. Organic matter digestibility was similar for the two grass species when measured in vivo, but when measured in vitro values for perennial ryegrass were about 3 units higher than those for tall fescue. Voluntary intake and live-weight gain were higher for sheep given tall fescue, the difference in live-weight gain being just significant at P < 0·05. The response to change in particle size was similar for the two grass species. Intake was lowest and digestibility highest for the feeds with the highest MF, but differences between the three finely-ground forms of each species were not significant. There was a tendency for the intake of digestible organic matter to be lower for the feeds with lowest MF than for those with intermediate values for MF. The rate of passage of undigested particles was slower for cobs with the highest MF than for the other feeds, which did not differ significantly one from another.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Ruminal and Physiological Responses to Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Westendorf ◽  
G.E. Mitchell ◽  
R.E. Tucker ◽  
L.P. Bush ◽  
R.J. Petroski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Physiological Responses

scholarly journals Assessment of vasoconstrictive capacity of tasll fescue alkaloids using fescue naive lateral saphenous veins of crossbred heifer cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 383-385
Author(s):  
J.L. Klotz ◽  
B.H. Kirch ◽  
G.E. Aiken ◽  
L.P. Bush ◽  
B.C. Arrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Vascular Activity ◽  
The Individual

Vasoconstriction is one response associated with consumption of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue. Because it is not known if endophyte-produced alkaloids act alone or collectively, the objective of this study was to examine the vasoconstrictive potentials of D-lysergic acid, ergovaline, and N-acetylloline individually or in paired combinations using bovine lateral saphenous veins biopsied from fescue naïve cattle. Segments (2- 3 cm) of vein were surgically biopsied from healthy Brahmaninfluenced yearling cattle (n=22; 330 ± 8 kg). The data indicated that ergovaline is a more potent vascular toxicant than lysergic acid and N-acetylloline. Further, the presence of N-acetylloline did not inhibit or potentiate the effects of the ergot alkaloids on vascular activity. The contractile responses of the remaining combinations did appear to differ from the individual concentration responses. This supports the possibility that a combinatorial or repetitive alkaloid exposure effect may exist in vivo and should be considered during in vitro evaluations of ergot alkaloids. Keywords: fescue-naïve cattle, fescue toxicosis, vasoconstriction

Effects of fibre level and particle size on rumen microbial fermentation and protein metabolism using liquid and solid associated bacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
M. Rodríguez ◽  
S. Calsamiglia ◽  
A. Ferret
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
N Metabolism

The effects of fibre level (F) and forage particle size (S) on ruminal fermentation profile is often mediated through changes in feed intake, rates of digestion or passage, ruminal pH and/or bacteria population. Therefore, most in vivo studies have confounded the direct effect of F or S with changes in the rumen environment. In vitro systems allow to control several fermentation conditions independently (pH, flow rates, intake). Total, bacterial and dietary nitrogen (N) flows are generally calculated using liquid associated bacteria (LAB), although solid associated bacteria (SAB) represent about 80% of total bacterial population in the rumen (Olobobokun and Craig, 1988). The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of F and S on microbial fermentation and N metabolism using LAB or SAB values in a dual flow continuos culture system.

RUMINANT DIGESTION IN VITRO AS AFFECTED BY INOCULUM DONOR, COLLECTION DAY, AND FERMENTATION TIME

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
Donna J. Hanel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Rumen Microflora ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Final Amount

A two-stage in vitro digestibility technique was used to study variations in the viability of the rumen microflora among nine sheep on three different days. Interactions between the two stages of the technique were studied from the effect of microbial fermentation time on the digestibility of cellulose, noncellulosic organic matter, and organic matter in alfalfa hay and wheat straw. Small sporadic differences among animals were less significant than those between days. The differences were generally smaller than those observed in in vivo digestibility determinations with sheep. Interactions between sheep and days were suggested to result from the consumption of water at varying intervals prior to the collection of rumen liquor, giving rise to inocula of various dilutions.Most of the digested noncellulosic organic matter fraction in alfalfa was digestible by the acid–pepsin fermentation, whereas very little of the same fraction in wheat straw was digestible by acid–pepsin, the remainder being digested at a very slow rate by the microbial fermentation. The cellulose in alfalfa was digested quicker than that in straw but the final amount of digested cellulose was greater in the straw.

Studies on the Nutrition of Macropodine Marsupials. 5.microbial Fermentation in the Forestomach of Thylogale Thetis and Macropus Eugenii.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Dellow ◽  
JV Nolan ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

Rates of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia production at different sites along the forestomach of Thylogale thetis, the red-necked pademelon, and Macropus eugenii, the tammar wallaby, were estimated in vitro and in vivo. Estimates of the flow of microbial nitrogen from the stomach were also obtained in vivo. In both species VFA production was faster in vitro and in vivo in the sacciform forestomach than in the tubiform forestomach. The ratio of total VFA production to digestible organic matter (OM) intake was similar in the 2 species, and similar to published estimates for ruminants. Net production of ammonia in vivo was faster in the sacciform forestomach than in the tubiform forestomach of T. thetis but not of M. eugenii. The ratio of total net ammonia production to nitrogen intake was similar in the 2 species, and net synthesis of microbial protein per kilogram OM apparently fermented in the stomach of T. thetis and M. eugenii was similar to that in ruminants. The decrease in fermentation rate along the forestomach of both species was consistent with the previously reported pattern of apparent digestion of OM in the macropodine stomach. Although this pattern of microbial activity differs from that in ruminants, the overall fermentation is extensive. Thus the lower fibre digestibility often found in macropodines compared with sheep may be related to a faster rate of passage of particulate digesta through the macropodine forestomach, but it is not due to a less efficient microbial fermentation.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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