Choosing the optimal method for preoperative risk assessment of dry eye syndrome development in patients with myopia

Aim. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of keratotopography methods and classical Norn’s test in assessing the stability of the tear film (TF) in patients with myopia before photorefractive surgery. Methods. The study involved 26 patients. All of them were planned for keratorefractive surgery to correct myopic refraction and astigmatism. Their age averaged 32.5±14.5 years (18-47 years). The stability of pre-corneal tear film was assessed using computed keratotopography and Norn’s test - the tear film rupture time (TFRT) was determined. A standard questionnaire was also used to assess the severity of symptoms of dry eye syndrome (DES). A comparison was made of the indicators of tear film, stability obtained by the methods of keratotopography and Norn’s test, with their subsequent comparison with the data of the questionnaire. Results. In 17 patients (65.4 %), TFRT index corresponded to the age norm. In the remaining 9 people (34.6 %), indicators of tear film stability were reduced both by keratotopography (12±4 sec) and by Norn’s test (13.5± 4.5 sec), and there were also subjective signs of dry eye syndrome according to questionnaire data. The data turned out to be comparable. Conclusion. The incidence of impaired stability of the TF and subjective manifestations of DES among patients planned for keratorefractive surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism was significant and, according to our data, made 34.6 %. To prevent complicated postoperative course of photorefractive surgery, it is necessary to assess the condition of the ocular surface immediately before refractive surgery, to identify the risk group for DES development. Key words: dry eye syndrome; tear film; keratotopography; Norn’s test; tear film rupture time.

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Corneal topography and classical test in the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism before keratorefractive surgery

Modern technologies in ophtalmology ◽

10.25276/2312-4911-2021-1-39-43 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Y.V. Kutuzova ◽

◽

I.V. Dutchin ◽

E.L. Sorokin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Corneal Topography ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Film Rupture ◽

Keratorefractive Surgery ◽

The Stability ◽

High Degree ◽

Myopic Astigmatism

Purpose.To conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of assessing the stability of the tear film using corneotopography and the classic Norn test in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism before keratorefractive surgery. Material and methods. The study included 26 patients planned for keratorefractive surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism, aged 18 to 47 years. 7 people there was a mild degree of myopia, in 14 people – medium degree, in 5 people – high degree. The average degree of corneal astigmatism was 2.25 diopters. The stability of the pre-corneal tear film was assessed using computed keratotopography and Norn's test – the tear film rupture time (TFRT) was deter- mined. A standard questionnaire was also used to assess the severity of symptoms of dry eye syndrome. A comparison was made of the indicators of the stability of the tear film obtained by the methods of corneotopography and the Norn's test, with their subsequent comparison with the data of the questionnaire. Results. In 17 patients (65.4%), the TFRT index corresponded to the age norm. In the remaining 9 people (34.6%), indicators of stability of the tear film were reduced both by corneotopography (12±4 sec) and by Norn's test (13.5±4.5 sec), and there were also subjective signs of dry eye syndrome according to data questionnaire. The data turned out to be comparable. Conclusions. 1. Among the total population of patients, 34.6% were persons with impaired tear film stability and subjective manifestations of dry eye syndrome. 2. Assessment of the stability of the tear film, determined using the method of corneal topography, showed a high degree of comparability with the results of Norn's test. A significant advantage of the keratotopography method is its non-invasiveness. 3. It is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the ocular surface and identify risk groups to avoid chronicity or aggravation of existing disorders. Key words: dry eye syndrome, tear film, keratotopography, Norn's test.

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«Dry eye» syndrome and primary glaucoma: possibilities of treatment

Reflection ◽

10.25276/2686-6986-2020-1-42-44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 42-44

Author(s):

L.I. Solovyova ◽

◽

T.V. Gavrilova ◽

F.G. Mugumova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Rupture Time ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Film Rupture ◽

Good Tolerability ◽

Primary Glaucoma ◽

The Stability

The article presents the results of Ocuhyl C using in the treatment of «dry eye syndrome» (DES) in 47 eyes of 26 patients with different stages of compensated primary open-angle glaucoma. Experience of instillation of hypotensive eye drops with preservatives was from 1 year to 35 years. Assessment of subjective signs of DES was performed by questioning. Functional tests were performed (for the stability of the precorneal tear film –Norn test, for the level of total tear production –Shirmer test). Examinations were carried out at the first examination before prescribing the drug, then after 4 and 8 weeks of its use. All the patients noted good tolerability of the drug, no side effects. Indicators characterizing the feeling of a foreign body, dryness and redness of the eyes have significantly decreased. Precorneal tear film rupture time has significantly increased. Ocuhyl C can be recommended for clinical use. Key words: primary glaucoma; “dry eye” syndrome; tear forming; tear film rupture time; Ocuhyl C.

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Correlation of vitamin D levels with tear film stability and secretion in patients with dry eye syndrome

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/aos.13241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. e230-e235 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ki Won Jin ◽

Jin Woo Ro ◽

Young Joo Shin ◽

Joon Young Hyon ◽

Won Ryang Wee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Film Stability ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Tear Film Stability

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Clinical manifestations of the dry eye syndrome for women in menopause

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped5225-29 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Nataliya Nikolayevna Sadovnikova ◽

Galiya Fettyakhovna Kutusheva

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Menopausal Syndrome ◽

Film Stability ◽

Tear Film Stability ◽

Functional Features ◽

Subjective Discomfort

To assess the effect of menopausal syndrome manifestations in the manifestation of «dry eye» examined 63 women . All examined the condition of the ocular surface, tear film stability, severity of subjective discomfort . Revealed that the dry eye syndrome in postmenopausal women occurs predominantly in the mild and moderate forms, with the severity of clinical and functional features of dry eye syndrome significantly correlated with severity of menopausal symptoms .

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Dry Eye Syndrome in Glaucomatous Patients using Topical Anti-Glaucoma Therapy

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v36i1.980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nabila Zulfiqar ◽

Muhammad Sufyan Aneeq Ansari ◽

Khurram Nafees ◽

Rabia Nawaz ◽

Manzra Shaheen

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Film Stability ◽

Glaucoma Therapy ◽

Tear Film Stability ◽

Time Test ◽

Break Up

Purpose: To determine the frequency of Dry eye in Glaucoma patients using topical anti-glaucoma therapy. Study Design: Descriptive Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in outpatient department of Fatima Memorial Hospital Shadman, Lahore, from October 2016 to February 2017. Material & Methods: In this study, 61 diagnosed cases of glaucoma were included. Patients with significant dermatological problems that may be associated with dry eye such as rosacea and blepharitis were excluded from the study. The individuals were assessed by consultant Ophthalmologist for Dry eye syndrome having symptoms of stinging and burning sensations itching, watering, irritation, due to regular use of topical anti-glaucoma drugs. A written consent was taken from every patient before the test. The ocular surfaces of the patients were evaluated using Tear film break-up time test and Basal Schrimer’s test. Patients having TBUT less than 11 seconds were categorized as having dry eye. The degree of dryness was categorized as mild, moderate and sever Dry eye. Results: Among 61 patients of glaucoma using topical anti-glaucoma therapy, 22 (36.1%) were male and 39 (63.9%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 50.76 ± 15.67 years. On the basis of Tear film Break-up time test, 49 (81%) patients had Tear Break-up time less than 10 seconds and 12 (19%) patients were normal. On the basis of Schrimer`s test 51 (83.66%) patients had Dry eye. Conclusion: Topical use of anti-glaucoma therapy affects tear film stability and its functions leading to Dry eye syndrome.

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Compliance as an Integral Part of the Dry Eye Syndrome Prevention Using Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2016.4.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 201647

Author(s):

Rimma Skrypnyk ◽

Olga Selezneva

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Film Stability ◽

Silicone Hydrogel ◽

Clinical Guidance ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Group I ◽

Tear Film Stability

The probability of dry eye syndrome (DES) in the patients using the Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses is examined in many researches. Therefore, adhering to clinical recommendations is an important factor for DES prevention. The urgent issue is also a comprehensive assessment of functional parameters as pathogenetic base of DES.The objective of the research was tostudy DES development depending on compliance of silicone hydrogel contact lenses users.Matherials and methods. 97 patients (194 eyes) were included into the research. They formed 2 groups: group I with incomplete compliance (36 persons) and group II with complete compliance (61 persons). All the patients underwent the Norn’s test, Schirmer’s test, Jones test, tear film stability was defined. The probability of the dry eye syndrome development due to the subjective signs was also analysed.Results. The reliable decrease in the total (р<0.05) and basale lacrimation (р<0.05) indexes, the increase in osmolarity (р<0.05) and decrease in tear film stability (р<0.05) were detected in the patients who did not follow the clinical guidance during the Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses wearing. In the same group the higher risk of dry eye syndrome development was verified (р<0.05).Conclusion. Compliance disorder in the patients using Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses was found to induce the reliable decrease in total and basale lacrimation, increase in osmolarity and tear stability disorder. All of this factors increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.

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Changes in the functionality of tear film and autorefractometry reading after instillations of artificial tear products of different viscosity

Clinical ophthalmology ◽

10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-200-204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 200-204

Author(s):

V.V. Brzheskiy ◽

◽

E.L. Efimova ◽

M.A. Kopylova ◽

P.V. Kocharina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Film Stability ◽

Axis Orientation ◽

Artificial Tear ◽

Diagnostic Unit ◽

Tear Film Stability

Aim: to study the changes in the critical parameters of tear film stability and autorefractometry in patients with mild dry eye syndrome (DES) after instilling artificial tear products of different viscosity. Patients and Methods: thirty patients aged 23–70 with mild bilateral DES were examined using the Visionix VX120+Dry Eye multi-diagnostic unit equipped with the TF-Scan to fix and assess tear film stability and tear breakup time (TBUT). The critical refraction and tear film parameters were evaluated by keratometry, corneal topography, TBUT, and tear meniscus height measurements. Next, an artificial tear product was instilled, i.e., group 1 (14 patients, 28 eyes) received a 0.15% sodium hyaluronate-based preparation, and group 2 (16 patients, 32 eyes) received a 0.4% sodium hyaluronate-based preparation. The examination was repeated after 30 sec and 5 min. Controls were seven healthy individuals (14 eyes). Results: in DES, breaks in the tear film appeared earlier and affected greater corneal surface area. A "Destabilized tear film area" parameter of the Visionix VX120+Dry Eye contributed significantly to the knowledge of tear film functionality, thereby empowering the diagnostic armamentarium in DES. As early as 30 sec after instillation of both artificial tear preparations, breakup-free time tended to increase, while the area of tear film destabilization tended to reduce. After 5 min, this trend continued to increase, particularly after instilling 0.15% sodium hyaluronate-based preparation. At the same time, changes in keratometry readings (i.e., sphere and cylinder) and astigmatism axis orientation were reported. Corneal refractive power (more in the flattest axis) increased, in particular, after the instillations of 0.15% hyaluronic acid. The range of changes was 0.00–0.75 D for the sphere power, 0.00–0.50 D for the cylinder power, and 0–69 degrees for astigmatism axis orientation. Conclusions: our findings with the Visionix VX120+Dry Eye multi-diagnostic unit demonstrate a significant variation of autorefractometry readings in DES depending on the extent of ocular surface hydration. These phenomena raise questions about the accuracy of autorefractometry readings. Therefore, autorefractometry should be performed after normalizing tear film volume and stability. Keywords: dry eye syndrome, Visionix®, autorefractometry, tearscopy, the effect of artificial tears on results. For citation: Brzheskiy V.V., Efimova E.L., Kopylova M.A. et al. Changes in the functionality of tear film and autorefractometry reading after instillations of artificial tear products of different viscosity. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):200–204 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-200-204.

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Dry eye syndrome in patients with gout

POINT OF VIEW EAST – WEST ◽

10.25276/2410-1257-2021-4-6-11 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 6-11

Author(s):

K.N. Odinaeva ◽

◽

N.S. Al Khateeb ◽

M.A. Frolov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Film Rupture ◽

High Tendency ◽

Tear Production

Purpose. To determine and study the features of the development of dry eye syndrome (DES) in gout, depending on urate-lowering therapy, the duration of the gout disease and the concentration of uric acid in the tear. Material and methods. The study involved 149 male patients (261 eyes) aged 35 to 75 years (mean age 60.63 ± 11.00 years). Among them, 110 people (202 eyes) with an established diagnosis: "Cataract with concomitant gout disease" and 39 people (59 eyes) with cataracts without clinical and laboratory signs of gout. All patients underwent both standard ophthalmological examinations and special ones. The concentration of uric acid in tears was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The diagnosis of gout was confirmed according to the criteria recommended by ACR / EULAR (2016). Results. In patients with gout who do not take a urate-lowering drug, DES occurs more often (82.1%) than in patients without gout (23.1%). With an increase in the concentration of uric acid in the tear, there is a high tendency to a shortening of the tear film rupture time (strong correlation coefficient r=-0.51, p<0.001) and to a decrease in tear production (Schirmer I test) (strong correlation coefficient r=-0.59, p<0.001). Conclusion. The data obtained indicate clear changes in the functional parameters of total tear production (Schirmer I's test) and the stability of the pre-corneal tear film (Norn's test) in patients with gout. This can be considered as a fact of the predisposition of this category of patients to the development of DES. A strong dependence of changes in tear production and HRVP on the concentration of uric acid in the tear was established. There is an obvious need for additional examination of this category of patients and an adequate choice of therapy, as well as the timely appointment of "artificial tear" drugs. Key words: dry eye syndrome, uric acid, gout.

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