scholarly journals Study of Information Needs in the Historical Retrospect

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Neshcheret
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
The 1960S

The article presents an overview of the history of study of reading and information needs in Russia based on the analysis of publications in the professional press. The author highlights the main stages of development in this research area and notes the achievements of librarians who have made the greatest scientific contribution to the development of theory of information needs. The author shows that even before the emergence of the term (in the mid-twentieth century), the phenomenon of information needs was studied indirectly — through the analysis of reader’s interests and preferences. The article focuses on the formation and development of the methodology of studying information needs, considers the practice of using various research methods, including special ones: quantitative, qualitative, complex and computer. The author notes the role of the founder of bibliopsychology Nikolai A. Rubakin, who for the first time compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of reading with the social status of reader, and the significant contribution to the development of theory of information needs made by S.D. Kogotkov, who described the mechanisms and stages of their formation based on the activity approach. The article highlights the large-scale projects for studying reading of various social groups, implemented in the 1960s and 1980s. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the interest to the problem of information needs and its various aspects raised again. Research issues expanded mainly due to the increase in the number of works on the transformation of information needs in the electronic environment, professional reading, including specialists in the library sphere. The article shows the process of identifying the problems of information needs in the independent scientific direction of library science. It is concluded that despite the intensive research in recent decades, the scientific potential of the problem of information needs is far from exhausted, due to the complexity of the phenomenon being studied. The author believes that the priority task of library science in the near future should be research aimed at studying the peculiarities of the formation of professional information needs of specialists with the emphasis on the subjective component and involvement of modern methodological tools.

Professional Information Needs of Library Specialists in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Neshcheret
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is devoted to the comprehensive study of the professional information needs (IN) of specialists of the central libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The rapid development of high technologies in the field of accumulation, transmission and processing of information, the creation of modern telecommunications systems have led to the emergence of fundamentally new opportunities for organizing the information process. This, in turn, led to the qualitative growth of IN specialists, including those employed in the field of library activities. The specific features of IN library specialists are determined by their place and role in the modern process of cultural activity, industry orientation, nature of work and specialization. During 2018—2019, the Centre for Research of Problems of the Development of Libraries in the Information Society of the Russian State Library carried out research aimed at comprehensive study of the information needs of cultural workers employed in the library sphere. At the first stage of the research, there was comprehended the existing experience of studying professional information needs in the national library science. At the second stage, using the method of questionnaire survey, information needs of library specialists were studied in order to identify the most rational forms and methods of providing them. The analysis of the survey results made it possible to identify the sources of professional information, to reveal information resources that have the greatest importance and characterize specific features of librarians’ information needs.The author concludes on the need to expand the access to full-text databases and electronic versions of periodicals for library staff. The creation of integrated information centre could help providing library professionals with professional information. Currently, the function of such a centre is performed by the National Electronic Library, which includes the professional section for library specialists. The results of the study form theoretical and methodological basis for the rational use of resources and potential of libraries in providing information to professional information needs of library specialists and determine the prospects for further research related to improving the forms and methods of information service for this category of users.

Professional Information Needs of Library Specialists in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Neshcheret
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is devoted to the comprehensive study of the professional information needs (IN) of specialists of the central libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The rapid development of high technologies in the field of accumulation, transmission and processing of information, the creation of modern telecommunications systems have led to the emergence of fundamentally new opportunities for organizing the information process. This, in turn, led to the qualitative growth of IN specialists, including those employed in the field of library activities. The specific features of IN library specialists are determined by their place and role in the modern process of cultural activity, industry orientation, nature of work and specialization. During 2018—2019, the Centre for Research of Problems of the Development of Libraries in the Information Society of the Russian State Library carried out research aimed at comprehensive study of the information needs of cultural workers employed in the library sphere. At the first stage of the research, there was comprehended the existing experience of studying professional information needs in the national library science. At the second stage, using the method of questionnaire survey, information needs of library specialists were studied in order to identify the most rational forms and methods of providing them. The analysis of the survey results made it possible to identify the sources of professional information, to reveal information resources that have the greatest importance and characterize specific features of librarians’ information needs.The author concludes on the need to expand the access to full-text databases and electronic versions of periodicals for library staff. The creation of integrated information centre could help providing library professionals with professional information. Currently, the function of such a centre is performed by the National Electronic Library, which includes the professional section for library specialists. The results of the study form theoretical and methodological basis for the rational use of resources and potential of libraries in providing information to professional information needs of library specialists and determine the prospects for further research related to improving the forms and methods of information service for this category of users.

scholarly journals Formation of the Tien Shan North Road, the Silk Road: A Preliminary Report on the First and Second Survey Seasons of the Chuy Valley Archaeological Project (CVAP), Northern Kyrgyz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Yamafuji ◽  
Bakit Amanbaeva ◽  
Danyar Bazilov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
The Silk Road

Since 2018, the Chuy Valley Archaeological Project (CVAP) has conducted the comprehensive field survey along a part of the ancient Tien Shan North Road in Kara Balta to answer the following questions: 1) the precise period the road began to use, based on the archaeological evidence; 2) the reason why the road had been used frequently during the early Middle Age, ca. fifth to seventh centuries AD; and 3) the whole spectrum of the habitational history including smaller and nomadic remains not documented in the previous researches. The research area measuring ca. 50 km N–S by ca. 35 km E–W consists of flat alluvial plain in the north and gentle slope of the mountain foot in the south. The two seasons confirmed dozens of archaeological remains containing large scale cities/towns (e.g. Shish Tobe, Ak-Tobe Sretenskoe) and remarkable kurgans already known. Consequently, clear patterns of site distribution could provide critical implications for resolving the research issues. This paper reports the preliminary results of the infield surveys in Autumn 2018 and 2019.

Concrete Monsters of the Welfare State: Discussions of Brutalist Architecture on Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 120633122110193
Author(s):  
Max Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Welfare State

Brutalist architecture is an object of fascination on social media that has taken on new popularity in recent years. This article, drawing on 3,000 social media posts in Russian and English, argues that the buildings stand out for their arresting scale and their association with the expanding state in the 1960s and 1970s. In both North Atlantic and Eastern European contexts, the aesthetic was employed in publicly financed urban planning projects, creating imposing concrete structures for universities, libraries, and government offices. While some online social media users associate the style with the overreach of both socialist and capitalist governments, others are more nostalgic. They use Brutalist buildings as a means to start conversations about welfare state goals of social housing, free university, and other services. They also lament that many municipal governments no longer have the capacity or vision to take on large-scale projects of reworking the built environment to meet contemporary challenges.

scholarly journals Positive Design for Children with Atopic Dermatitis—Enhanced Problem-Solving and Possibility-Driven Approach in the Context of Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Veronika Weiß ◽  
Michael Minge ◽  
Bernhard Preim ◽  
Steffi Hußlein
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Design For Children

Since the 1960s, atopic dermatitis has seen a steady increase in prevalence in developed countries. Most often, the onset begins at an early age and many patients are very young children. Due to their young age, their parents are forced to take over handling of the disease. As a consequence, atopic dermatitis places a high burden not only on affected children, but also on their parents and siblings, limiting human flourishing of a whole family. Therefore, the described research area calls for a possibility-driven approach that looks beyond mere problem-solving while building on existing support possibilities and creating new ones. This paper presents atopi as a result of such a possibility-driven approach. It incorporates existing patient education and severity scoring into an extensive service, adding new elements to turn necessary practices into joyful experiences, to create feelings of relatedness and to increase perceived self-efficacy, thus is suitable to enable human flourishing.

A large-scale study of ionic liquids employed in chemistry and energy research to reveal cytotoxicity mechanisms and to develop safe design guide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilya U. Dzhemileva ◽  
Vladimir Anatolievich D'yakonov ◽  
Marina M. Seitkalieva ◽  
Natalia Kulikovskaya ◽  
Ksenia S. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Organic Electrolytes ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Design Guide ◽  
Scientific Potential

Device-level applications of organic electrolytes unavoidably imply extensive contacts with the environment. Despite their excellent scientific potential, ionic liquids (ILs) cannot be approved for practical usage until their life cycle...

Advances in Water Treatment Application of Sepiolite Mineral Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Meng Ran Tang ◽  
Ji Yuan Li ◽  
Qing Guo Tang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Group Mineral ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Treatment Application

Synthetic nanomaterials have the disadvantages of large-scale investment, high energy consumption, complex production process and heavy environmental load. Mineral nanomaterials such as sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials are characterized by small size effect, quantum size effect and surface effect. Water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials has become an active research area and showed good development and application prospects. Based on the above reasons, this paper systematically summarizes the water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials, and development trend related to water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials were also proposed.

Wavelet analysis of the temporal-spatial distribution in the Eurasia seismic belt

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Zheng ◽  
Xiaolu Li ◽  
Lirong Yin ◽  
Zhengtong Yin ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Compact Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Seismic Belt ◽  
Earthquake Fault

Due to the growing frequency of earthquakes, safeties of human lives and properties are facing serious threats. However, the research in the field of spatial-temporal distribution of earthquake is quite a few. In this paper, we use wavelet model to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquakes. Because the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquake activity is closely related to the distribution of the earthquake fault zone, we analyze large-scale earthquake clusters by selecting the Eurasia seismic belt and the surrounding region as the research area. From the perspective of the time domain, the results show that the seismic energy of the earthquake fault zone presences compact support or similar compact support distribution, suggesting that the seismic zone exists a relatively quiet period and active stage. This indicate that the seismic zone is periodical. The period of strong earthquakes above normal and less than normal is different by time changes. The cycles of earthquakes are different due to different regions and different geological and geographical environment.

scholarly journals Towards a more inclusive and equitable developmental cognitive neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazlyn Nketia ◽  
Dima Amso ◽  
Natalie Hiromi Brito
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
And Function

Brain and cognitive development is a burgeoning area of scientific inquiry, with tremendous potential to better the lives of children. Large scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies offer opportunities for significant scientific advances in our understanding of developing brain structure and function. The proposed manuscript will focus on the scientific potential of the HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) Study, highlighting what questions these data can and what they cannot answer about child development. Specifically, we caution against the misuse of these data for advancing de-contextualized and scientifically questionable narratives about the development of children from marginalized communities. We will focus on building and organizing a framework for interpreting HBCD data through the lens of sampling, cultural context, measurement, and developmental science theory. Our goal is to thoughtfully offer the scientific community opportunities to use the large scale and collaborative nature of HBCD to collectively revise practices in developmental science that to-date have not carefully considered their own role in perpetuating narratives that support systemic injustice.

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