scholarly journals Formation of the Tien Shan North Road, the Silk Road: A Preliminary Report on the First and Second Survey Seasons of the Chuy Valley Archaeological Project (CVAP), Northern Kyrgyz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Yamafuji ◽  
Bakit Amanbaeva ◽  
Danyar Bazilov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
The Silk Road

Since 2018, the Chuy Valley Archaeological Project (CVAP) has conducted the comprehensive field survey along a part of the ancient Tien Shan North Road in Kara Balta to answer the following questions: 1) the precise period the road began to use, based on the archaeological evidence; 2) the reason why the road had been used frequently during the early Middle Age, ca. fifth to seventh centuries AD; and 3) the whole spectrum of the habitational history including smaller and nomadic remains not documented in the previous researches. The research area measuring ca. 50 km N–S by ca. 35 km E–W consists of flat alluvial plain in the north and gentle slope of the mountain foot in the south. The two seasons confirmed dozens of archaeological remains containing large scale cities/towns (e.g. Shish Tobe, Ak-Tobe Sretenskoe) and remarkable kurgans already known. Consequently, clear patterns of site distribution could provide critical implications for resolving the research issues. This paper reports the preliminary results of the infield surveys in Autumn 2018 and 2019.

scholarly journals The Road Towards 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Bin Han ◽  
Mohammad Asif Habibi ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Manner

<p>As of today, the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system has been rolled out in many countries and the number of 5G subscribers already reaches a very large scale. It is time for academia and industry to shift their attention towards the next generation. At this crossroad, an overview of the current state of the art and a vision of future communications are definitely of interest. This article thus aims to provide a comprehensive survey to draw a picture of the sixth generation (6G) system in terms of drivers, use cases, usage scenarios, requirements, key performance indicators (KPIs), and enabling technologies. First, we attempt to answer the question of “Is there any need for 6G?” by shedding light on the key driving factors of 6G, in which we predict the explosive growth of mobile traffic until 2030, and envision potential use cases and usage scenarios. Second, the technical requirements of 6G are discussed and compared with those of 5G with respect to a set of KPIs in a quantitative manner. Third, the state-of-the-art 6G research efforts and activities from representative institutions and countries are summarized, and a tentative roadmap of definition, specification, standardization, and regulation is projected. Then, we identify a dozen of potential technologies and introduce their principles, advantages, challenges, and open research issues. Finally, the conclusions are drawn to paint a picture of “What 6G may look like?”. This survey is intended to serve as an enlightening guideline to spur interests and further investigations for subsequent research and development of 6G communications systems.</p>

The Hidden Landscape: The Shawbak North Archaeological Project (SNAP) Results Survey of First Season 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Shqairat ◽  
Fawzi Q. Abudanah ◽  
Mohammad B. Tarawneh ◽  
Sumio Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Site Types

Abstract The North Shawbak Archaeological Project (NSAP), aims to shed new light on the general occupational history of the northern part of the Shawbak area and anticipates a total of seven years from 2010 until 2017 for the whole research period. The first phase (2010-2012) was devoted to a general survey for building up an archaeological database of the research area. The second phase (2013-2017), on the other hand, is to proceed to a full-fledged investigation at a few promising sites located in the course of the survey. In addition, The survey area is under arid environmental conditions and local vegetation is poor especially in lowlands. However, it is relatively rich in water resources due to the unique topography. As results of survey a total of twenty sites were registered in Area1, they fell into several site types described here follows a supposed chronological order of each group.

Structural Deformation of Southern Tien Shan Fold-Thrust Belt — Take the North Margin of Kashi for Example

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1419-1424
Author(s):  
Jun Feng Qian
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
Thrust System ◽  
Shortening Rate ◽  
Detachment Surface

The Structural and deformational features of fold-thrust belt in the north margin of Kashi，southern Tian Shan were disclosed based on various data such as two dimensional seismic profile and field geologic survey. The results show that the fold-thrustbelt can be divided into several rows of anticlines, includingKalaboketuoer-Wenguer, Tuopa-Kangxiweier, Atushi and Kashi on plane,and the development of Atushi anticlines and its north side was controlled by the activity of the thrust system originated along the middle Cambrian Awatage Group from north to south. The fold-thrust belt can be divided into two different spatial levels: the shallow tectonic is a large scale imbricate thrust system, the detachment surface is uplifted from Cambrian system to Neogene system; the deep structure is a buried duplex structure system, the fault in floor and fault in roof are located at gypsic horizon in Cambrian and Neogene systemrespectively. Based on structural deformation analyzing and balanced section technology, the distribution of each anticlinal belt and the structure style of the low and deep thrust systems are confirmed. In this area the distance is shortened by 32.64～49.1km from north to south since Pliocene with the scalage of 40.5%～50.51%，and its average crustal shortening rate is 9.11～13.71mm/a.

Regularities of Creating in the XVIII - Mid XX Centuries a Regular Agglomeration of St. Petersburg - Leningrad and Problems of its Preservation as a World Heritage Object

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Sementsov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central City ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regular Type ◽  
The North ◽  
The Town

Before the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703, there had for centuries existed a developed system of rural settlements located on the flat valleys and areas along the Neva River and around the Ladoga Lake. Since 1703, under the leadership of Peter I and his followers, there was carried out a systematic creation of the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration (St. Petersburg and residential suburbs around it), which was done on the basis of purposefully introduced principles of regularity and harmony of architectural ensembles, by the methods of large-scale reconstruction of the previous irregular system of the population settlement distribution. The scale of this new agglomeration had no analogues in world town-planning practice of the XVIII century and united spaces with the total area over 200 square kilometers, which extended from the town of Sestroretsk in the North to the town of Novgorod in the South, from the town of Narva in the West to the Volkhov River in the East. The regularity and multi-center character of the central city formed according to the pattern of a mesh and cellular structure (with the dimensions of 10 km by 15 km), was supplemented with a regularity of suburban ensembles` layout and multi-kilometer rectilinear axes – roads connecting them. Some of the roads had the length of several hundred km (such as the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg built in 1706-1718, that was as long as nearly 700 km). Huge suburban forest-park and natural-landscape spaces between palace and park ensembles were united as star-patterned compositions. This historically created agglomeration is deservedly included in the List of Objects of the World Heritage, but so far it has not received a unambiguous understanding of its uniqueness and needs a considerable effort in searching new individual ways of the historical heritage preservation. On the basis of the archive records, the contribution presents an analysis of regularities of consecutive and purposeful transformation of the historical rural settlements system existing up to the foundation of St. Petersburg into the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration of regular type.

scholarly journals The Road Towards 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Bin Han ◽  
Mohammad Asif Habibi ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Manner

<p>As of today, the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system has been rolled out in many countries and the number of 5G subscribers already reaches a very large scale. It is time for academia and industry to shift their attention towards the next generation. At this crossroad, an overview of the current state of the art and a vision of future communications are definitely of interest. This article thus aims to provide a comprehensive survey to draw a picture of the sixth generation (6G) system in terms of drivers, use cases, usage scenarios, requirements, key performance indicators (KPIs), and enabling technologies. First, we attempt to answer the question of “Is there any need for 6G?” by shedding light on the key driving factors of 6G, in which we predict the explosive growth of mobile traffic until 2030, and envision potential use cases and usage scenarios. Second, the technical requirements of 6G are discussed and compared with those of 5G with respect to a set of KPIs in a quantitative manner. Third, the state-of-the-art 6G research efforts and activities from representative institutions and countries are summarized, and a tentative roadmap of definition, specification, standardization, and regulation is projected. Then, we identify a dozen of potential technologies and introduce their principles, advantages, challenges, and open research issues. Finally, the conclusions are drawn to paint a picture of “What 6G may look like?”. This survey is intended to serve as an enlightening guideline to spur interests and further investigations for subsequent research and development of 6G communications systems.</p>

scholarly journals The Road Towards 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Bin Han ◽  
Mohammad Asif Habibi ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Manner

<p>As of today, the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system has been rolled out in many countries and the number of 5G subscribers already reaches a very large scale. It is time for academia and industry to shift their attention towards the next generation. At this crossroad, an overview of the current state of the art and a vision of future communications are definitely of interest. This article thus aims to provide a comprehensive survey to draw a picture of the sixth generation (6G) system in terms of drivers, use cases, usage scenarios, requirements, key performance indicators (KPIs), and enabling technologies. First, we attempt to answer the question of “Is there any need for 6G?” by shedding light on the key driving factors of 6G, in which we predict the explosive growth of mobile traffic until 2030, and envision potential use cases and usage scenarios. Second, the technical requirements of 6G are discussed and compared with those of 5G with respect to a set of KPIs in a quantitative manner. Third, the state-of-the-art 6G research efforts and activities from representative institutions and countries are summarized, and a tentative roadmap of definition, specification, standardization, and regulation is projected. Then, we identify a dozen of potential technologies and introduce their principles, advantages, challenges, and open research issues. Finally, the conclusions are drawn to paint a picture of “What 6G may look like?”. This survey is intended to serve as an enlightening guideline to spur interests and further investigations for subsequent research and development of 6G communications systems.</p>

scholarly journals Study of Information Needs in the Historical Retrospect

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Neshcheret
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
The 1960S

The article presents an overview of the history of study of reading and information needs in Russia based on the analysis of publications in the professional press. The author highlights the main stages of development in this research area and notes the achievements of librarians who have made the greatest scientific contribution to the development of theory of information needs. The author shows that even before the emergence of the term (in the mid-twentieth century), the phenomenon of information needs was studied indirectly — through the analysis of reader’s interests and preferences. The article focuses on the formation and development of the methodology of studying information needs, considers the practice of using various research methods, including special ones: quantitative, qualitative, complex and computer. The author notes the role of the founder of bibliopsychology Nikolai A. Rubakin, who for the first time compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of reading with the social status of reader, and the significant contribution to the development of theory of information needs made by S.D. Kogotkov, who described the mechanisms and stages of their formation based on the activity approach. The article highlights the large-scale projects for studying reading of various social groups, implemented in the 1960s and 1980s. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the interest to the problem of information needs and its various aspects raised again. Research issues expanded mainly due to the increase in the number of works on the transformation of information needs in the electronic environment, professional reading, including specialists in the library sphere. The article shows the process of identifying the problems of information needs in the independent scientific direction of library science. It is concluded that despite the intensive research in recent decades, the scientific potential of the problem of information needs is far from exhausted, due to the complexity of the phenomenon being studied. The author believes that the priority task of library science in the near future should be research aimed at studying the peculiarities of the formation of professional information needs of specialists with the emphasis on the subjective component and involvement of modern methodological tools.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

Information And Map-Made Control With The Functions Of Business Analytics For Urban Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Urban Management ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
The North ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
Key Aspects

The key aspects of the process of designing and developing an information and cartographic control tool with business analytics functions for the municipal level of urban management are considered. The review of functionality of the developed tool is given. Examples of its use for the analysis and monitoring of implementation of the program of complex development of territories are given. The importance of application of information support of management and coordination at all levels of management as an integral part of the basic model of management and coordination system of large-scale urban projects of dispersed construction is proved. Information and map-made tool with business intelligence functions was used and was highly appreciated in the preparation of information-analytical and presentation materials of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow. Its use made it possible to significantly optimize the list of activities of the program of integrated development of territories, their priority and timing.

Soil/Tire Interaction Analysis Using FEM and FVM

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oida ◽  
E. Seta ◽  
H. Heguri ◽  
K. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Soil Flow

Abstract Vehicles, such as an agricultural tractor, construction vehicle, mobile machinery, and 4-wheel drive vehicle, are often operated on unpaved ground. In many cases, the ground is deformable; therefore, the deformation should be taken into consideration in order to assess the off-the-road performance of a tire. Recent progress in computational mechanics enabled us to simulate the large scale coupling problem, in which the deformation of tire structure and of surrounding medium can be interactively considered. Using this technology, hydroplaning phenomena and tire traction on snow have been predicted. In this paper, the simulation methodology of tire/soil coupling problems is developed for pneumatic tires of arbitrary tread patterns. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Volume Method (FVM) are used for structural and for soil-flow analysis, respectively. The soil is modeled as an elastoplastic material with a specified yield criterion and a nonlinear elasticity. The material constants are referred to measurement data, so that the cone penetration resistance and the shear resistance are represented. Finally, the traction force of the tire in a cultivated field is predicted, and a good correlation with experiments is obtained.

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