Library Services for the Population of the BAM Construction Areas (1970s—1980s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-435
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Baikalov
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Library Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Educational ◽  
Selection Of

The historical experience of library services for the population, accumulated in the areas of new economic development of the late Soviet era, needs to be generalized. At the same time, the processes of formation and development of libraries in sparsely populated territories of Siberia and the Far East have not received sufficient coverage in the special literature. This paper examines the features of the libraries organization in the construction areas of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) in the period of the 1970s — 1980s. The research materials include archival documents, most of which are introduced into research discourse for the first time, as well as oral stories of participants in the all-Union construction project, collected by the author in the BAM regions. The libraries formation in the mainline construction zone was carried out at an accelerated pace within the framework of the state network of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the trade union system of transport builders. As a result, the provision of library services to builders was higher than in neighboring regions. However, the accessibility of libraries remained low, because the construction areas were characterized by a low population density, poor development of transport and infrastructure facilities, personnel shortage, and insufficient material and technical support. At first, the book collections were acquired spontaneously from the number of the publications donated or collected from the local population. As soon as the library systems stabilized, the central organizations “Soyuzkniga” and “Roskniga” became the main sources of book supplies, but they could not meet the reader’s demand of the mainline builders. The BAM had formed a special readership, which was distinguished by a high educational level, cultural and linguistic diversity, and the shaped reader’s interests and needs. This was due to the careful selection of those arriving at the construction site as part of Komsomol detachments. Along with their main functions, the libraries were a place for communication and leisure for workers, which compensated for the lack of other social and cultural institutions. Due to the weakness of the Party and state control, they had greater independence in cultural and mass work, which was reflected in the widespread distribution of different associations and library clubs, the acquaintance of readers with the works of authors banned by the Soviet censorship, and the development of amateur literary creativity.

scholarly journals Prilog poznavanju djelovanja Mateja Andrijina Moronzona*

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Barbara Španjol-Pandelo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Matteo Moronzon, a member of the Venetian family of woodcarvers, was mentioned for the first time in 1407 according to the present known archival documents. Probably after being trained in his father's workshop in Venice, he moved to Zadar with his family – his wife Francisca and sons Pietro and Francesco. In 1418 he undertook the commission of furnishing carved choir stalls for the cathedral of St. Anastasia in Zadar. Various archival documents testify that Matteo lived and worked in Zadar for many years. Therefore it can be assumed that he probably founded his own workshop in Zadar where his son Francesco was trained too. Apart from the attempt to reconstruct Matteo's life and career, the aim of this paper is to interpret one important woodcarving work of art preserved in situ: choir stalls in the former cathedral of Rab, today the arch parish church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rab. Without doubt Matteo was the master carver in the production of the choir stalls in Zadar. Since he lived in Zadar it was not unusual that he had the main role in carving the stalls. In Zadar the selection of motives is more balanced and there are no significant differences in the modelling of decorative elements. However, the question whether Matteo carved absolutely everything or he had assistants arises. Considering the amount of work that had to be done it must be assumed that he had assistants who participated in work and helped him to shape the stalls. However, in literature Matteo was considered the only and undisputed author of the choir stalls in Zadar, mostly because of the preserved document. The analysis of the choir stalls in Rab by Ivo Petricioli as well as their evident formal and stylistic similarities with the stalls from the cathedral in Zadar have led to the general acceptance of the hypothesis that they were carved at the workshop of Matteo Moronzon. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis that could confirm that hypothesis was still missing. The analysis of the details and the whole led to the overall conclusion that there were a huge number of similarities between the choir stalls in Rab and Zadar. Therefore it was concluded that Matteo was the principal designer of the choir stalls in Rab who also carved the best parts in Rab, while others, less successful parts, were made by his apprentices and assistants who at the time lived on the island of Rab. In this respect, if Matteo was accepted as the author of the choir stalls of the cathedral in Zadar he must also be accepted as the author of the choir stalls from the excathedral in Rab.

scholarly journals WELL-CONSOLIDATED WORK OF THE EVACUATED AND LOCAL POPULATION OF CHUVASHIA IN THE REAR AS SOURCE OF THE VICTORY OVER FASCIST GERMANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Lev A. Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Village Council ◽  
First Time ◽  
Regional Historiography

In the year of the 75th anniversary of the Victory, in the article the author aims to investigate the issues of evacuation of the population from the occupied and frontline regions of the USSR to the territory of Chuvashia and their coordinated work with the local population in the rear. For the first time in regional historiography using archival documents previously not introduced into scientific circulation and on the example of the evacuated population of Elysh village council of Alikovsky region the author analyzes the conditions of their life, examines the issues of their reception, accommodation and employment in the collective farm. The study shows that well-consolidated work of the evacuated citizens and the local population in the deep rear became one of the sources for the Victory over the fascist Germany. The materials of the study can be used in civil education of the population.

Addressing a selection of challenges faced at international courts and tribunals with jurisdiction over international crimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 44-77
Author(s):  
Mispa Roux
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
Far East ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Core Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

One of the core characteristics of international crimes is that they are committed on a great scale; therefore, the sheer volume and complexity of evidence required to justify investigation and ultimately prosecution inevitably leads to several challenges. Since the first time that persons were held individually criminally responsible at an international level at Nuremberg and in the Far East, to the way in which the permanent International Criminal Court fulfils its mandate, investigating and prosecuting international crimes have involved manifold challenges. This article identifies three challenges faced by international criminal courts and tribunals in investigating and prosecuting international crimes. The first challenge is the investigation phase of international criminal proceedings, specifically the difficulty of selecting cases and identifying persons with the greatest responsibility for the crimes. The second challenge flows from the first, specifically in light of the magnitude of evidence indicating the required gravity to pursue further investigation and eventually prosecution. This raises the difficult question whether investigators, prosecutors, and judges are able to consistently comply with their duty to respect and protect the various fair trial rights to which suspected and accused persons are entitled. The third and final challenge that will be engaged with in this article relates to the formidable impact of international and political relations at all stages of investigation and prosecution of international crimes, which may ultimately thwart compliance with the obligation to prosecute international crimes.

scholarly journals Political Sentiments of White Émigrés in the Far East in the 1920s

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Pashin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Intelligence Service ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the documents from the Central Archives of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the State Archives of the Russian Federation, analysed in line with the anthropological approach, this article describes in broad outline the sentiments of white émigrés in the Far East during the 1920s. The archival documents include informant reports from the Beijing and Shanghai residencies of the Foreign Department of the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU), summaries and analytical reports of the Counterintelligence Department of the OGPU, reports of operational officers of the Foreign Department of the OGPU, official and personal letters, reports and correspondence of top White Guard leaders, and reports from Chinese newspapers. The paper specifies the total number and location of exiles in the Far East. Further, it dwells on the reasons for Russian citizens’ emigration to China and mentions their peacetime occupations in Russia. Moreover, the article describes the attempts of foreign adversaries to involve white émigrés in anti-Soviet activities and the reasons for their failures. It is shown that white émigrés formed organizations for the purpose of cultural and other communication in a kindred environment and for mutual moral and material support. A conclusion is substantiated that the dogma of the irreconcilability of class interests influenced the tendentious selection of information about white émigrés, about their general “hostility” towards the Soviet Union. In addition, it is alleged here that the majority of white émigrés, including some of their leaders, wanted to return to their homeland. This conclusion is based not only on analytical information reports compiled by secret agents of the GPU-OGPU, but also on surveys initiated by top white émigré leaders and carried out abroad in the 1920s.

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

The first lichenological survey in Koryakia (Northern Kamchatka, Russia) — the last unexplored part of Beringia

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Himelbrant ◽  
I. S. Stepanchikova ◽  
T. Ahti ◽  
V. Yu. Neshataeva
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lichen Flora

The first lichenological inventory in Koryakia has resulted in the list of 315 species reported from Parapolsky Dale, within and in vicinities of the Koryak State Reserve. Altogether 46 species are published from the Kamchatka Territory for the first time, including Lecanographa grumulosa new to Russia, East Asia and Beringia; Cercidospora trypetheliza, Lecania dubitans, Pertusaria borealis, Piccolia ochrophora, Protoparmelia cupreobadia, Rimularia badioatra and Strangospora moriformis new to Russian Far East; Abrothallus bertianus, Cladonia strepsilis, Physciella melanchra, Rimularia badioatra, Sclerococcum parasiticum, Sphinctrina leucopoda and Strangospora moriformis new to Beringia. The lichen diversity of the study area is relatively poor due to natural reasons. Comparison with neighboring regions (Kamchatka Peninsula, Chukotka, Magadan Region, Yakutia and Alaska) shows that the lichen flora of Parapolsky Dale contains almost no specific species. The majority of the species recorded here are also known from neighboring regions, especially Alaska and Kamchatka Peninsula.

Ramalina sekika (Ramalinaceae), a new species for the lichen flora of Russia from the Far East

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Kataeva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Independent Species ◽  
Lichen Flora

Ramalina sekika Asahina is reported for the first time from Russia from Sakhalin. It refers to the number of rare and poorly investigated species of the genus. Until now it was considered to be endemic to northeastern China. The original description and the location in the Far East are given, as well as the data on anatomical and morphological study of the Russian specimen. The differences in the anatomical structure of its thallus are discussed. A comparison of anatomical and morphological characters of R. sekika, R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. (European material), R. yasudae Räsänen has been made; the author considers them as independent species.

Review of species of the genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from the Russian Far East

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Tselikh
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East

A review of species of the genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 from the Russian Far East is provided. Mokrzeckia lazoensis sp. nov. is described. M. abietis Kamijo, 1982 is recorded for the first time for Russia, and M. pini (Hartig, 1838) for the Russian Far East. A key to six known species of Mokrzeckia is provided.

New to Russia and poorly known species of the genus Aphodius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-284
Author(s):  
L.A. Akhmetova ◽  
A.V. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
First Time

Aphodius (Agoliinus) guttatus, A. (Chilothorax) clathratus, and A. (Aphodaulacus) kizeritskyi are recorded from Russia for the first time. Aphodius (Agoliinus) amurensis previously known only from the type locality is found in the Lazo Nature Reserve (Russian Far East). All species are diagnosed and illustrated. Comments on diagnostic characters, distribution and bionomics are given.

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

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