scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SINGLE COMPLEX INTOXICATION WITH MORPHINE AND ALCOHOL ON THE CONTENT OF NEUROACTIVE AMINO ACIDS IN THE BRAIN OF RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-596
Author(s):  
I. M. Velichko ◽  
◽  
S. V. Lelevich ◽  
V. V. Lelevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neuroactive Amino Acids ◽  
Excitation Processes ◽  
The Brain

Background. Cases of combined consumption of surfactants (alcohol and opiates) in both the adult population and adolescents are quite common at present. An important role in the functional activity of the central nervous system is played by neuroactive amino acids, the level of which changes under the influence of psychotropic substances.Purpose. To study the content of neuroactive amino acids in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain and cerebellum in acute alcohol and morphine intoxication, as well as the complex administration of these substances.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats. Using the HPLC method in different parts of the brain, the levels of neurogenic amino acids were determined in acute alcohol and morphine intoxication, as well as their complex administration in different sections.Results. Acute complex morphine-alcohol intoxication is accompanied by manifestation of excitation processes in the striatum and hypothalamus, as well as inhibition in the midbrain. Alcohol-morphine intoxication leads to an increase in the content of GABA in all brain regions studied except the hypothalamus.Conclusion. Morphine-alcohol intoxication is accompanied by a decrease in the glycine content in the striatum, as well as an increase in its concentration in the midbrain and the level of glutamate in the hypothalamus. Alcohol-morphine intoxication leads to an increase in GABA levels in the cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain and cerebellum.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM OF THE RATS’ BRAIN IN THE MORPHINE-ALCOHOLIC POST-INTOXICATION SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
I. M. Vialichko ◽  
◽  
S. V. Lelevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
The Brain

Background. Opioid addiction, which has arisen against the background of previous alcoholism (or vice versa), is an urgent problem in clinical practice. The change in dopaminergic neuromediation after the withdrawal of the combined effect of ethanol and morphine is currently not clear what was the goal for our study. Purpose. Study of metabolites of the dopaminergic system in the cerebral cortex, striatum and midbrain of rats after different periods of withdrawal of 5-day morphine-alcohol intoxication. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 43 white outbred male rats. Using the HPLC method, the levels of metabolites of the dopaminergic system were determined after the withdrawal of the combined administration of morphine and ethanol. Results and conclusions. The severity of changes in metabolites of the dopaminergic system during morphinealcohol withdrawal is determined by the duration and region of the brain. One day after the withdrawal of both psychoactive substances in the striatum and cerebral cortex, a decrease in the concentration of dopamine was observed. In the long-term periods of abolition of intoxication with morphine and ethanol (3, 7 days), the processes of acceleration of dopamine turnover in the midbrain and a decrease in the concentration of the neurotransmitter in the striatum were revealed.

scholarly journals Changes in the dopaminergic system in the hypothalamus and midbrain of rats at chronic complex alcohol-morphine intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
I. M. Vialichko ◽  
S. V. Lelevich ◽  
V. V. Lelevich
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
The Brain

Recently, there have been more and more indications of alcoholic pathology burdened by drug use and vice versa. It is evident that the dopamine system plays an important role in the development of addiction when using drugs and alcohol. Experimentally, the long-term combined effect of psychoactive substances on neuromendatory changes in the dopaminergic system in the brain is poorly understood and requires more detailed consideration.The aim of the study was to examine the changes in the dopaminergic system in the hypothalamus and midbrain of rats during chronic alcohol intoxication, as well as a complex administration of morphine and ethanol.The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats. Using the HPLC method, the levels of dopamine and its metabolites were determined in the regions of the brain during chronic alcohol intoxication, as well as with a combined administration of morphine and ethanol with various durations (7, 14 and 21 days).Chronic alcohol intoxication led to the signs of acceleration of the dopamine turnover only in the hypothalamus on the 7th and 14th days and its accumulation during three weeks of alcoholization. In the midbrain, a decrease in the concentration of the neurotransmitter was revealed when ethanol was injected for 7 days. Co-administration of surfactants was accompanied by slightly different changes: complex 7- and 21-day alcohol-morphine intoxication is accompanied by the dopamine accumulation in the hypothalamus and the decrease in the neurotransmitter turnover in the midbrain on the 14th and 21st days.

Changes in the Cortex Neurons in Single and Fractional Gamma Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I. Ushakov ◽  
Vladimir Fyodorov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fractionated Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: Comparative assessment of radiation-induced changes in neurons of the cerebral cortex after a single and fractionated exposure to ionizing radiation in doses of 0.1 – 1.0 Gy. Material and methods. The study was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics on 180 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months. by the beginning of the experiment, exposed to a single or fractionated exposure to γ-quanta of 60Co in total doses of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological and histochemical methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, as well as changes in the content of protein and nucleic acids in neurons in the early and late periods of the post-radiation period. Using one-way analysis of variance, a comparative assessment of neuromorphological indicators under various modes of radiation exposure is given. Results: In the control and irradiated animals throughout their life, undulating changes in the indicators of the state of the neurons of the brain occur with a gradual decrease by the end of the experiment. Despite a number of features of the dynamics of neuromorphological parameters, these irradiation regimes do not cause functionally significant changes in the neurons of the cortex. However, in some periods of the post-radiation period, the changes under the studied irradiation regimes were multidirectional and did not always correspond to age control. Significant differences in the response of neurons to these modes of radiation exposure in the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex have not been established. Conclusion: No functionally significant radiation-induced changes in neurons were found either with single or fractionated irradiation. At the same time, different modes of irradiation in general caused the same type of changes in neurons. However, in some periods of observation, changes in neuromorphological parameters under the studied irradiation regimes were not unidirectional and differed from age control, which indicates a possible risk of disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system against the background of other harmful and dangerous factors.

scholarly journals Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
D. I. Peregud ◽  
S. V. Freiman ◽  
A. O. Tishkina ◽  
L. S. Sokhranyaeva ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Regulation of brain water during acute glucose-induced hyperosmolality in ovine fetuses, lambs, and adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Stonestreet ◽  
Katherine H. Petersson ◽  
Grazyna B. Sadowska ◽  
Clifford S. Patlak
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Brain Water ◽  
The Ideal

We tested the hypothesis that, during acute glucose-induced hyperosmolality, the brain shrinks less than predicted on the basis of an ideal osmometer and that brain volume regulation is present in fetuses, premature and newborn lambs. Brain water responses to glucose-induced hyperosmolality were measured in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla of fetuses at 60% of gestation, premature ventilated lambs at 90% of gestation, newborn lambs, and adult sheep. After exposure of the sheep to increases in osmolality with glucose plus NaCl, brain water and electrolytes were measured. The ideal osmometer is a system in which impermeable solutes do not enter or leave in response to an osmotic stress. In the absence of volume regulation, brain solute remains constant as osmolality changes. The osmotically active solute demonstrated direct linear correlations with plasma osmolality in the cerebral cortex of the fetuses at 60% of gestation ( r = 0.72, n = 24, P = 0.0001), premature lambs ( r = 0.58, n = 22, P = 0.005), newborn lambs ( r = 0.57, n = 24, P = 0.004), and adult sheep ( r = 0.70, n = 18, P = 0.001). Similar findings were observed in the cerebellum and medulla. Increases in the quantity of osmotically active solute over the range of plasma osmolalities indicate that volume regulation was present in the brain regions of the fetuses, premature lambs, newborn lambs, and adult sheep during glucose-induced hyperosmolality. We conclude that, during glucose-induced hyperosmolality, the brain shrinks less than predicted on the basis of an ideal osmometer and exhibits volume regulation in fetuses at 60% of gestation, premature lambs, newborn lambs, and adult sheep.

Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Peregud ◽  
S. V. Freiman ◽  
A. O. Tishkina ◽  
L. S. Sokhranyaeva ◽  
N. A. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Female Rats: Variations during the Estrous Cycle and Comparison with Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed. Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus, whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior. Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most other cerebral structures.

Behavior and the catecholamine system of the brain in two generations of the descendants of male rats with chronic alcohol intoxication

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veretinskaya ◽  
N. L. Vekshina ◽  
A. V. Stanishevskaya ◽  
I. Yu. Shamakina ◽  
V. A. Tomilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Brain

Effects of thiopental anesthesia on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. E852-E859
Author(s):  
C. Beebe Smith ◽  
C. Eintrei ◽  
J. Kang ◽  
Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Cerebral Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

We have examined the effects of a surgical level of thiopental anesthesia in adult male rats on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis with the quantitative autoradiographicl-[1-14C]leucine method. The relative contribution of leucine derived from protein breakdown to the intracellular precursor amino acid pool for protein synthesis was found to be statistically significantly decreased in the anesthetized rats compared with controls. In the brain as a whole and in 30 of the 35 brain regions examined, rates of protein synthesis were decreased (1–11%) in the anesthetized rats. Decreases were statistically significant ( P ≤ 0.05) in the brain as a whole and in six of the regions, and they approached statistical significance in an additional 13 regions, indicating a tendency for a generalized but small effect.

WATER AND ELECTROLYTE ALTERATIONS IN PLASMA, BRAIN AND LIVER OF RATS AFTER CASTRATION AND SEX HORMONE ADMINISTRATION

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy E. Woolley ◽  
Paola S. Timiras
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

ABSTRACT Ovariectomy, hypophysectomy and administration of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone or methylandrostenediol altered water or electrolyte concentrations in plasma, liver, cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum in the rat. High daily doses of the steroids (500 μg/100 g body weight) increased plasma sodium levels. Oestradiol, followed by progesterone, then testosterone and methylandrostenediol, was most effective in producing hypernatraemia. Lower doses of oestradiol (10–200 μg/100 g body weight) did not change plasma sodium concentrations. Plasma potassium was increased by ovariectomy and decreased by low doses of oestradiol in ovariectomized, but not in hypophysectomized, rats. All doses of oestradiol lowered per cent plasma water in intact adult male rats and ovariectomized adult females, but not in hypophysectomized rats. High doses of the steroids, especially of oestradiol plus progesterone, raised concentrations of water, sodium, potassium and chloride in the liver, whereas water, sodium and potassium concentrations remained constant in brain. Each of the steroids elevated brain chloride concentrations. Of the brain areas analyzed, the cerebral cortex most consistently showed increased chloride after injections. Testosterone and progesterone, followed by oestradiol and then methylandrostenediol, were most potent in increasing brain chloride concentrations. Because the sex hormones have previously been shown to alter brain excitability, it is postulated that some of these alterations may be correlated with concomitant changes in brain anionic concentrations.

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