scholarly journals POTENSI PEMANFAATAN DAUN SIRIH HUTAN DAN DAUN MIMBA UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA GUDANG KACANG TANAH DENGAN METODA BANTALAN KASA : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Taufik Hidayat ◽  
Puput Novita ◽  
Febri Yandi ◽  
Saripah Ulpah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Method Paper

Application of synthetic chemical insectices is known to be the most effective approach in addressing infestation of insect pests. However, conventional insecticides are not appropriate to be applied against pests of stored food materials, such as peanut due to the residue issue. Method of fumigation which negate the residue issue is also not feasible for public practice due to the hazard potency. This consideration necessitates the exploration of safe insecticide material such as neem leaf and piper leaf using suitable method. Paper presented here is a literature review design to analyze related to the important pest of stored peanut, content and effication of neem and piper leaves, and the efficiency of muslin-cloth pad containing the botanicals. Based on the neem characteristics which is anteefedant and the characteristics of piper leaf which is volatile. It can be concluded that botanicals from these two species prepared in muslin-cloth pad, would be able to control pest of stored peanut.

SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND OVIPOSITION RESPONSE OF THE CORN EARWORM, HELIOTHIS ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON OKRA IN VIRGINIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Latheef ◽  
J. H. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Important Pest

Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a member of the Malvaceae. It is an important crop in the southern United States where vegetable production becomes precarious during the summer owing to extreme conditions of temperature and drought. Okra is grown in most southern home gardens and is consumed as a main dish vegetable or used in soups and gumbos.Because of its popularity and environmental adaptability, okra may have the potential for attracting fresh market premium prices for limited resource farm operations. However, little has been published on insect pests of okra in the United States. In an investigation at Petersburg, Virginia, during 1979 and 1980, we found that the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was an important pest of okra.

Second Report on an Investigation into the Biological Control of West Indian Insect Pests

1935 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Windward Islands ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Specific Parasite

1. The report covers a period of 3½ years actually spent in the field.2. During this time 19 major pests have been studied, with special reference to their natural enemies and other limiting factors. The pests of sugar-cane have, however, received by far the most attention, partly because this is the most important crop throughout the region as a whole, and partly because the industry has made substantial financial contributions.3. Advice has been given, on request, to local Governments, planters' organisations and individual planters, and schemes have been drawn up for intensive local research on cane-borers, on froghopper and on mongoose. The researches of the two investigators of the cane-borer (Diatraea spp.), under grants from the Colonial Development Fund, have been supervised so far as their technical aspect is concerned.4. For the control of the small moth-borer (Diatraea) the most important pest of sugar-cane as a whole, the Cuba fly (Lixophaga) has been introduced (in collaboration with Mr. Box) into the Leeward and Windward Islands, and the Amazon fly (Metagonistylum) into British Guiana (in collaboration with Mr. Cleare). Both these very promising parasites, the second of which was discovered during the course of the investigation, are now widely established.5. A specific parasite is now needed for Diatraea canella in British Guiana and D. impersonatella in Trinidad. It is possible that experiments now in progress (in collaboration with Mr. Pickles and Mr. Cleare respectively) that Paratheresia will serve for the first and Metagonistylum for the second, but a highly specific parasite for D. canella remains greatly desirable.

scholarly journals Residual Toxicity of Imidacloprid to Hawthorn Lace Bug, Corythuca cydoniae, Feeding on Cotoneasters in Landscapes and Containers

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Szczepaniec ◽  
Michael J. Raupp
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract Cotoneasters are important and valuable landscape plants. They are severely attacked by hawthorn lace bug (Corythuca cydoniae) in landscapes and nurseries. Imidacloprid has a wide range of activity against many kinds of insect pests. We were interested in determining if cotoneasters treated with soil applications of imidacloprid in landscapes and containers remained toxic to hawthorn lace bugs for more than one growing season. Cotoneasters planted in landscapes were less damaged by lace bugs in the year that imidacloprid was applied and in the following year. We suspect that residual toxicity of leaves of cotoneasters particularly to the nymphs of lace bugs as the cause. Cotoneasters grown in containers demonstrated toxicity to lace bugs for almost 800 days after the application of imidacloprid to the soil. These data greatly extend the known period of efficacy for imidacloprid in controlling hawthorn lace bug on cotoneasters. Clearly, lace bugs are controlled for a minimum of two years. By reducing the need for repetitive applications, a single application of imidacloprid can reduce time, labor and material costs associated with managing this important pest of cotoneasters.

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resistance in Desert Watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis) Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Coffey ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
B. Merle Shepard ◽  
Yaakov Tadmor ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Selected Subset ◽  
Choice Assay ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level

Selection for and incorporation of host plant resistance into cultivars is a fundamental strategy to control insects and diseases and may help reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus] and is among the most damaging pests in many agricultural systems worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis L., a perennial melon species indigenous to arid regions of northern Africa, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern Asia, is a valuable source of resistance to insect pests and diseases of watermelon. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate selected C. colocynthis genotypes for sources of resistance to B. tabaci. Thirty genotypes of C. colocynthis, collected in different geographic regions, were evaluated against the heirloom cultivar Calhoun Gray using first a horizontal Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. A selected subset of the genotypes was evaluated in a second experiment in the laboratory using a vertical monitoring assay. In this assay, whiteflies could freely move upward to feed and oviposit on leaves placed in the upper portion of a Y-tube. In a third experiment, a choice assay was conducted on selected genotypes in cages in the greenhouse. Of the 30 C. colocynthis genotypes evaluated, PI 346082 (collected in Afghanistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against B. tabaci based on all three experiments. PI 537277 (collected in Pakistan) exhibited a significantly high level of whitefly resistance based on low survival of adult whiteflies and a low ratio of nymphs to eggs. PI 346082 and PI 537277 should be a useful source for breeding projects aiming to improve whitefly resistance in watermelon cultivars.

Current status and future prospects in biotic stress management in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (Special) ◽  
pp. 168-193
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
Amrita Banerjee ◽  
RK Senapati ◽  
G Prasanthi ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Important Pest

Insect pests and diseases are the major biotic constraints in rice production. According to the ecosystem, the incidence of insect pests and diseases vary. The degree of loss due to different biotic stresses differ widely depending upon the predominant factors of abundance of these pests in a particular year, season or locality. Though around 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major pest status. Farmers bear an estimated average of 37% losses in rice crop due to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on status of insect pests and diseases, extent of losses, different tools used in pest monitoring and management in rice. Among the important pest management tools used in rice pest and diseases management are forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, light trap, hyper-spectral remote sensing, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

scholarly journals Gamification for the Ancient Kingdom of Nusantara with User-Centered Design Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yulyani Arifin ◽  
Martin Martin ◽  
Ryan Ryan ◽  
Ryan Dratama
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
User Interest ◽  
User Requirement ◽  
History Of ◽  
User Centered

The purpose of this research was to conserve the history of Nusantara kingdoms with the interesting way for the students. The researchers proposed a method by combining the history of ancient kingdoms in Nusantara with the game. It was done by using gamification with the user-centered design approach. The data collection used questionnaires and literature review. Moreover, the researchers identified the resources by applying the gamification element, developing the game based on user requirement, and evaluating the usability testing. The result shows that the implemented gamification in learning Nusantara can attract the students to learn about history. Based on the result of usability testing that has already been tested using the prototype, it proves that the user interest to learn the history of the ancient kingdom in Nusantara is increased. The results also imply that gamification indeed is one of a suitable method to be used as a medium for students to learn about history, especially the ancient kingdoms in Indonesia.

scholarly journals SOLAR HEATING REDUCES INSECT INFESTATIONS IN RIPENING AND DRYING FIGS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354b-1354
Author(s):  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Harry Shorey ◽  
David L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
North Side ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Nitidulid Beetles

Several experimental procedures were used to evaluate the influence of solar radiation on insect infestations in Calimyma and Adriatic variety figs (Ficus carica L.). Direct sunlight eliminated infesting insects and prevented further infestation of ripe figs drying on the ground for at least 10 days. Placement in the shade resulted in 12% insect infestation in figs within 3 days. Figs that fell naturally into sunlit areas contained almost no insects, whereas 31% of figs that fell into dense shade were infested. While ripening figs were still attached to trees, the level of insect infestation was 50% higher on the shady north side than the sunny south south side. The insect pests most frequently encountered in these experiments were nitidulid beetles and their larvae. Disease incidence was not affected by degree of exposure. We propose that cultural techniques to maximize exposure of ripening and drying figs to solar radiation could be developed as important pest management tools.

The Larvicidal and Adulticidal Effects of Selected Plant Essential Oil Constituents on Greater Wax Moths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubasshir Sohail ◽  
Muhammad Anjum Aqueel ◽  
Pingli Dai ◽  
James D Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract Some plant essential oil constituents, such as monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids, are promising insecticides in some situations and for certain insect pests. They vary in their toxicity, depending on the target insect. Moths (Lepidoptera) appear susceptible to these compounds, making them of promise for use against greater wax moths (Galleria mellonella Fabricius, (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae), GWM), an important pest of western honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) colonies. We determined the LC50 for GWM larvae or LD50 for GWM adults of select compounds (thymol, carvacrol, (S)-(+)-carvone, estragole, citral, linalool, (S)-(−)-limonene, and γ-terpinene). Concentrations between 8 and 2,266 µg/cm3 were mixed into the diets of GWM larvae and doses ranging between 0.08 and 70.3 mg per adult were applied topically to the abdomens of GWM adults. Lethal concentrations and doses were calculated after of 72 h of exposure. All eight compounds showed insecticidal activity against all tested stages of GWMs. Thymol (LC50 µg/cm3 (95% CI) = 21 [9–56], carvacrol = 46 [26–79], citral = 63 [30–134], and carvone = 76 [33–201]) had the highest toxicity toward GWM larvae. The hydrocarbons limonene (296 [231–377]), estragole (466 [354–611]), and γ-terpinene (729 [630–857]) had the lowest toxicity toward GWM larvae. Thymol had the highest toxicity towards GWM adults (LD50 (CI) = 0.5 [0.4–0.8] mg/adult). However, carvacrol (11.6 [10.1–13.6]), linalool (12.9 [9.3–17.8]), and limonene (15.8 [13.1–19.2]) were less toxic to GWM larvae. Our data show that select plant essential oil constituents are promising controls of GWM.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Major Insect Pests at Sugarcane Development Center In Dompu Distrcit, West Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarjan ◽  
Muchlis Muchlis ◽  
Irwan Muthahanas
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Ceratovacuna Lanigera ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Descriptive Method

Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is a tropical plant that is very important because it can be used as one of the raw materials for making sugar. The development of sugar production in the last ten years has decreased by around 1.8% per year, this is due to several factors, one of which is due to the attack of sugarcane insect pests. Therefore, research was conducted to find out the diversity of important insect pests in sugarcane plants in the center of sugarcane development in the Dompu  District. This research was conducted at the Pekat Sub District of Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques directly and indirectly in the field at a number of observation points. Based on the observations there were 5 species of insect pests in the research area such as Valanga nigricornis, Locusta migratoria, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Scirchopaga nivella F., and Lepidiota stigma. Insect pests with the highest population and dominance are Ceratovacuna lanigera with an average population of 70 insect/plant and a domination index is  0 .199808. Locusta migratoria has a level of damage with criteria for moderate attack intensity, it is found in sugarcane plants aged 3 months. The results of this study indicate that Scirchopaga nivella F. and Lepidiota stigma F. insect pests have the potential as important pest insects on sugarcane crops

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