Ionic Conductivity of Ce0.91Ca0.09O2 as an Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naeemakhtar Momin ◽  
J. Manjanna
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
Oxide Ion Conductivity ◽  
Impedance Technique

The search for new cost-effective electrolyte materials for IT-SOFC towards its mass scale commercialization has gained momentum in recent years. The Ca- doped ceria having composition Ce0.91Ca0.09O2 was prepared using the facile conventional solid-state method. The structural and electrical properties of low sintered ceramic samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and A.C. impedance technique respectively. The oxide ion conductivity was measured between the temperatures 573 K−973 K in air. The obtained results showed that total conductivity is mainly dependent on the grain boundary effect. The nanocrystalline Ce0.91Ca0.09O2 exhibited the high total ionic conductivity of 7.36  103 S cm1 at 973 K with a lower activation energy of 0.96 eV. The obtained results highlight the use of cost-effective dopant in ceria lattice to develop commercially viable electrolyte materials for IT-SOFC.

scholarly journals Mass production of metal-doped graphene from the agriculture waste of Quercus ilex leaves for supercapacitors: inclusive DFT study

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 10891-10901
Author(s):  
Gaurav Tatrari ◽  
Chetna Tewari ◽  
Manoj Karakoti ◽  
Mayank Pathak ◽  
Ritu Jangra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

This work reports a facile, eco-friendly, and cost-effective mass-scale synthesis of metal-doped graphene sheets (MDGs) using agriculture waste of Quercus ilex leaves for supercapacitor applications.

scholarly journals The relationship between oxide-ion conductivity and cation vacancy order in the hybrid hexagonal perovskite Ba3VWO8.5

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 16506-16514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Gilane ◽  
Sacha Fop ◽  
Falak Sher ◽  
Ronald I. Smith ◽  
Abbie C. Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Cation Vacancy ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
Cation Ordering ◽  
Oxygen Diffusivity ◽  
Oxide Ion Conductivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oxide Ion

Cation ordering in Ba3VWO8.5 disrupts long-range oxygen diffusivity parallel to the c-axis resulting in reduced ionic conductivity.

scholarly journals A Dual-modality Smartphone Microendoscope for Quantifying the Physiological and Morphological Properties of Epithelial Tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqian Hong ◽  
Tongtong Lu ◽  
Liam Fruzyna ◽  
Bing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Dual Modality ◽  
Epithelial Tissues

Abstract We report a nonconcurrent dual-modality fiber-optic microendoscope (named SmartME) that integrates quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and high-resolution fluorescence imaging (FLI) into a smartphone platform. The FLI module has a spatial resolution of ~3.5 µm, which allows the determination of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C) of epithelial tissues. The DRS has a spectral resolution of ~2 nm and can measure the total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and scattering properties of epithelial tissues with mean errors of 4.7% and 6.9%, respectively, which are comparable to the errors achieved with a benchtop spectrometer. Our preliminary in vivo studies from a single healthy human subject demonstrate that the SmartME can noninvasively quantify the tissue parameters of normal human oral mucosa tissues, including labial mucosa tissue, gingival tissue, and tongue dorsum tissue. The THCs of the three oral mucosa tissues are significantly different from each other (p ≤ 0.003). The reduced scattering coefficients of the gingival and labial tissues are significantly different from those of the tongue dorsum tissue (p < 0.001) but are not significantly different from each other. The N/Cs for all three tissue types are similar. The SmartME has great potential to be used as a portable, cost-effective, and globally connected tool to quantify the THC and scattering properties of tissues in vivo.

Sister Robots - food and medicine carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Bikash Gurung ◽  
Anil Singh ◽  
Pankaj Japrel ◽  
Rishan Joshi ◽  
Prithvi Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Collaborative Partnerships ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Isolation Room

Sister Robots - ‘Food and Medicine Carrier Robot’ are manually controlled robots which can be used in Corona Testing Hospital where health representatives or medical professionals need to carry food and medicine from the kitchen of the hospital to the patient isolation room. Robotics Association of Nepal [RAN] along with Team Robonauts, Team Kantibir and Team Oztec have developed the different versions of Sister Robots. The first version of the Robot - Sister V.1 is now working at the provincial hospital of Province no. 3, Hetauda Hospital. The Robot was built in support of Nepal Engineers’ Association [NEA] and handed over to Honorable Chief Minister, Province No.3 Dormani Poudel. Sister V.1 can help frontline health professionals communicate with COVID-19 suspected/infected patients in the isolation room, deliver essential foods and medicines as well. Sister V.1 took 20 days for its completion. The development team further developed second version of Sister Robot [Sister V.2]. First piece of Sister V.2 has been completed and 5 more are on the verge of development. Armed Police Force [APF] Hospital has made a trial of Sister V.2. Sister V.2 has been upgraded with a double 12V 8000MAH battery system for higher power performance, dual FPV camera system for Top 90 degree rotation back view and Front 180 degree bottom view. Food and Medicine can be easily delivered and COVID-19 can sanitize their hands with automatic sanitizer as well. Phase 1 product development has been completed and Phase 2 small scale production is currently running. The phases are defined based on the upgrade of the Robots as the team believes in iteration of the robot and customization as well. Mass scale production of Sister Robots on phase 3 Version 3 [Sister V.3] will consist of different lines of Robots with different specifications. More cost effective technologies will be introduced and automation will be a priority of Robot development. Research Center for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST) and Sagarmatha Engineering College collaborated with RAN for 6 more robots to develop financially. Phase 3 focuses in bringing Sister V.3 at each and every hospital in Nepal through collaborative partnerships and safety campaigns.

Fabrication and Characterization of Titanium Based Nanotubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ang Song ◽  
Li Xin Cao ◽  
Ge Su ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inner Diameter

Titanium based nanotubes (8-12nm outer diameter and 4-6nm inner diameter) were successfully fabricated by a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal method. The nanotube-like amorphous phases TNT(Na) and TNT(H) were obtained with different post treatment. The samples were characterized by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activities of the nanotubes were evaluated using photo-oxidation of methyl orange.

Simultaneous Measurement of the Electronic and Ionic Conductivity of a Solid Electrolyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Riess ◽  
R. Safadi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Hole Conductivity ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Electronic Conductivities ◽  
Van Der Pauw

AbstractWe describe a method for a simultaneous measurement of the total and electronic conductivities of solid electrolytes (SE). The total conductivity is determined by a four probe method and the electronic (electron/hole) conductivity is determined simultaneously by a two probe method, for samples having the van—der—Pauw configuration.

Oxygen transport studies in nanocrystalline ceria films

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Saraf ◽  
C.M. Wang ◽  
V. Shutthanandan ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Olga Marina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Nuclear Reaction Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Temperature Range ◽  
Nanocrystalline Ceria ◽  
Impedance Technique

Oxygen uptake and conductivity were measured by nuclear-reaction analysis and alternating current impedance technique at the intermediate temperature range on sol-gel grown nanocrystalline ceria films with average grain-sizes 7 nm and 38 nm synthesized at 723 and 1173 K, respectively. Higher oxygen uptake and lower ionic conductivity were observed in ceria films with ∼7-nm grain size. High permeation-assisted oxygen diffusion in nanocrystallites combined with oxygen trapping in the disordered region contributed to higher oxygen uptake. However, the lower ionic conductivity in the film resulted from the absence of long-range lattice ordering and inactive grain-boundary/surface oxygen vacancy sites due to oxygenation. The relationship between oxygen uptake and conductivity in ceria is discussed in details by considering grain-size dependent defect density, related surface area, and enhanced oxygen mobility.

scholarly journals Mass scale screening of common arboviral infections by an affordable, cost effective RT–PCR method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjani Taraphdar ◽  
Arindam Sarkar ◽  
Shyamalendu Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Doped Vanadium(V) Using Solid State Method

ALCHEMY ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusnan Mustofa ◽  
Nur Aini ◽  
Susi Nurul Khalifah
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Wavelength Absorption ◽  
State Method

<p>TiO<sub>2</sub> Anatase activities should be increased from the UV to the visible light photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> to increase anatas. One efforts to optimize TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase activity is doping by using dopant vanadium(V). Synthesis method which is used in this research is a solid reaction method. The steps being taken in this methods include grinding and heating at high temperatures. Dopant concentrations of vanadium(V) which are used in the research was 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%. and the characterization used is X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. The result shows that there are a changing of particle size, band gap energy, and absorption of TiO<sub>2</sub> anatas wavelength because of dopan vanadium(V) addition. While TiO<sub>2</sub>’s structure does not change. The crystal sizes of each TiO<sub>2</sub> without doping, V-TiO<sub>2</sub> 0,3%, 0,5% and 0,7% are 53.21 nm, 47.67 nm, 79.65 nm dan 68.99 nm.  Band gap energy of each TiO<sub>2</sub> without doping, V-TiO<sub>2</sub> 0,3%, 0,5% dan 0,7% are 3.309 eV, 3.279 eV, 3.270 eV and 3.259 eV. While wavelength absorption of each TiO<sub>2</sub> without doping, V-TiO<sub>2</sub> 0,3%, 0,5% and 0,7% are 374.9 nm, 378.4 nm, 379.5 nm and 380.8 nm.<em> </em></p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em>:</strong> <em>Synthesis, titanium dioxide, vanadium(V), solid state method</em>

scholarly journals Estimating Soil Properties and Nutrients by Visible and Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy to Characterize Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
José Ramón Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Víctor Marcelo ◽  
Dimas Pereira-Obaya ◽  
Marta García-Fernández ◽  
Enoc Sanz-Ablanedo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Shortwave Infrared

Visible, near, and shortwave infrared (VIS-NIR-SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy, a cost-effective and rapid means of characterizing soils, was used to predict soil sample properties for four vineyards (central and north-western Spain). Sieved and air-dried samples were measured using a portable spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm) and compared for pistol grip (PG) versus contact probe (CP) setups. Raw data processed using standard normal variate (SVN) and detrending transformation (DT) were grouped into four subsets (VIS: 350–700 nm; NIR: 701–1000 nm; SWIR: 1001–2500 nm; and full range: 350–2500 nm) in order to identify the most suitable range for determining soil characteristics. The performance of partial least squares regression (PLSR) models in predicting soil properties from reflectance spectra was evaluated by cross-validation. The four spectral subsets and transformed reflectances for each setup were used as PLSR predictor variables. The best performing PLSR models were obtained for pH, electrical conductivity, and phosphorous (R2 values above 0.92), while models for sand, nitrogen, and potassium showed moderately good performances (R2 values between 0.69 and 0.77). The SWIR subset and SVN + DT processing yielded the best PLSR models for both the PG and CP setups. VIS-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy shows promise as a technique for characterizing vineyard soils for precision viticulture purposes. Further studies will be carried out to corroborate our findings.

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