scholarly journals Mechanisms of short-term and long-term adaptation

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Н.Б. Панкова
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Expression Program

В лекции рассмотрены общие представления об адаптации, основанные на классических работах Г. Селье, Ф.З. Меерсона, Н.А. Агаджаняна, а также особенности адаптивного ответа развивающегося организма. Рассмотрены механизмы срочной адаптации как мобилизации функциональных резервов организма. В качестве одного из механизмов долговременной адаптации представлена эпигенетическая регуляция, которая позволяет выбрать и реализовать программу экспрессии генов - в соответствии с этапом онтогенетического развития, или средовым окружением. В качестве ещё одного механизма долговременной адаптации рассмотрено воздействие на генетический материал. Приведены примеры формирования адаптивного ответа организма на физико-химические и климатогеографические стрессорные факторы. Отдельно проанализированы механизмы адаптивного ответа организма детей на факторы образовательной среды. The lecture addresses general ideas about adaptation based on classic studies by H. Selye, F.Z. Meerson, and N.A. Agadzhanyan and features of the adaptive response in a developing body. Mobilization of the functional reserve is considered as a mechanism of short-term adaptation. Epigenetic regulation is presented as one of mechanisms for long-term adaptation, which allows selecting and implementing a gene expression program consistent with the stage of ontogenetic development or the environment. Another mechanism of long-term adaptation is influence on the genome. The lecture provides examples of adaptation to physicochemical and climatic geographical stress factors. Mechanisms of the adaptive response to factors of the educational environment in children are analyzed separately.

scholarly journals Methods of long-term and short-term adaptation for biometric image of keystroke dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3D) ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Pashchenko ◽  
Dmitry A. Trokoz ◽  
Alexey I. Martyshkin ◽  
Elena A. Balzannikova
Keyword(s):  
Working Capacity ◽  
Keystroke Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
User Identification ◽  
New Device ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Long Time

This article discusses one of the main problems of user identification by keyboard handwriting - short-term changes in the keystroke dynamics of users in connection with its psychophysical state, as well as changes over a long time associated with the formation of keystroke dynamics by a new user or when switching to a new device. A method for determining the phase of working capacity by the time characteristics of the keystroke dynamics is proposed.

scholarly journals α-Actinin 4 Links Vasopressin Short-Term and Long-Term Regulation of Aquaporin-2 in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsuan Ho ◽  
Hsiu-Hui Yang ◽  
Shih-Han Su ◽  
Ai-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Ming-Jiun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Apical Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Insertion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aquaporin 2 ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Water permeability of the kidney collecting ducts is regulated by the peptide hormone vasopressin. Between minutes and hours (short-term), vasopressin induces trafficking of the water channel protein aquaporin-2 to the apical plasma membrane of the collecting duct principal cells to increase water permeability. Between hours and days (long-term), vasopressin induces aquaporin-2 gene expression. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that bridge the short-term and long-term vasopressin-mediated aquaporin-2 regulation by α-actinin 4, an F-actin crosslinking protein and a transcription co-activator of the glucocorticoid receptor. Vasopressin induced F-actin depolymerization and α-actinin 4 nuclear translocation in the mpkCCD collecting duct cell model. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting showed increased interaction between α-actinin 4 and glucocorticoid receptor in response to vasopressin. ChIP-PCR showed results consistent with α-actinin 4 and glucocorticoid receptor binding to the aquaporin-2 promoter. α-actinin 4 knockdown reduced vasopressin-induced increases in aquaporin-2 mRNA and protein expression. α-actinin 4 knockdown did not affect vasopressin-induced glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation, suggesting independent mechanisms of vasopressin-induced nuclear translocation of α-actinin 4 and glucocorticoid receptor. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown profoundly reduced vasopressin-induced increases in aquaporin-2 mRNA and protein expression. In the absence of glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone, vasopressin-induced increases in glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and aquaporin-2 mRNA were greatly reduced. α-actinin 4 knockdown further reduced vasopressin-induced increase in aquaporin-2 mRNA in the absence of dexamethasone. We conclude that glucocorticoid receptor plays a major role in vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 gene expression that can be enhanced by α-actinin 4. In the absence of vasopressin, α-actinin 4 crosslinks F-actin underneath the apical plasma membrane, impeding aquaporin-2 membrane insertion. Vasopressin-induced F-actin depolymerization in one hand facilitates aquaporin-2 apical membrane insertion and in the other hand frees α-actinin 4 to enter the nucleus where it binds glucocorticoid receptor to enhance aquaporin-2 gene expression.

Adaptation to calcium deprivation in the rat: effects of parathyroidectomy.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. E336
Author(s):  
J T Pento ◽  
L C Waite ◽  
P J Tracy ◽  
A D Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Calcium

The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the adaptive response in gut calcium transport to calcium deprivation has been studied in the rat using both the in vitro everted duodenal sac and the in situ ligated duodenal segment technique. Intact or parathyroidectomized (PTX) young rats were placed on a low calcium (0.01%) diet for 7-, 14-, or 21-day adaptation periods and compared with control rats maintained on a high calcium (1.5%) diet. Prior PTX (3 days before the start of the adaptation period) abolished the adaptive response (enhanced calcium transport) induced by calcium deprivation for a 7-day adaptation period, but did not abolish a response after a 21-day period. A 14-day adaptation period gave equivocal results. It is concluded that PTH appears to be necessary for short-term (7-day) adaptation, but not for long-term (21-day) adaptation to calcium deprivation. However, if accessory parathyroid tissue is present, the data could be interpreted differently: the essentiality of PTH for the adaptive response might be independent of the length of the adaptation period. The data also contribute to a possible resolution of the controversy concerning the involvement of PTH in the regulation of intestinal calcium transport in the rat.

scholarly journals Regulation of pituitary inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin gene expression by GnRH in female rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Popovics ◽  
Zoltan Rekasi ◽  
Alan J Stewart ◽  
Magdolna Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Pituitary inhibin B, activin B, and follistatin are local regulators of FSH. Activin B is a homodimeric molecule (βB–βB), while inhibin B contains an α and a βB subunit. The regulation of gene expression of α, βB, and follistatin by local and endocrine hormones was examined in pituitaries from female rats and in perifused pituitary cells by RT-PCR. Ovariectomy (OVX) induced an elevation in the mRNA level of α and βB subunits and follistatin. Short-term (4 h) treatment of pituitary cells with GnRH decreased both the inhibin α and the inhibin/activin βB subunit mRNA levels, while long-term treatment (20 h) with 100 nM GnRH stimulated the expression of both subunits. In contrast, the mRNA level of follistatin was elevated after the short-term GnRH treatment. Long-term exposure of pituitary cells to estradiol and inhibin B suppressed the mRNA expression of βB and had no effect on the expression of α subunit and follistatin. Our results demonstrate that the increased expressions of inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin in the post-OVX period can be induced by the lack of gonadal negative feedback, resulting in a high GnRH environment in the pituitary. This study reports for the first time that GnRH administered in high doses and for a long period stimulates the gene expression of inhibin/activin subunits and thereby may contribute to the stimulatory effect of OVX on the expression of these genes.

scholarly journals Increased Immune Gene Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration in High-Grade Astrocytoma Distinguish Long-Term from Short-Term Survivors

2012 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1920-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Donson ◽  
Diane K. Birks ◽  
Stephanie A. Schittone ◽  
Bette K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters ◽  
Derrick Y. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
High Grade Astrocytoma
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