scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE (THE MOSCOW BRANCH) OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRAORDINARY STATE COMMISSION (1943–1944)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Кудрявцев ◽  
С.А. Володин
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Institute Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Burial Grounds

В 1943–1944 гг. сотрудники Института истории материальной культуры принимали участие в работе Чрезвычайной государственной комиссии (ЧГК). Это выражалось в составлении инструкций по установлению стоимости различных археологических памятников для определения нанесенного им ущерба в период оккупации, составлении их списков и анкетировании. В 1944 г. ИИМК по заданию ЧГК организовал восемь экспедиций в освобожденные районы РСФСР и УССР с целью обследования ряда поселений и курганных могильников, а также музеев с археологическими коллекциями, пострадавших в военные годы. Участие в деятельности ЧГК позволило Московскому отделению ИИМК сохранить основные функции научного учреждения в тяжелый период войны. In 1943–1944 the staff of the Institute for the History of Material Culture was involved in the work performed by the Extraordinary State Commission. The Institute staff prepared guidelines to be used in assessing the value of various archaeological sites to determine the damage caused to the sites during the occupation period, prepared relevant lists and conducted questionnaire-based interviews. In 1944 by order of the Extraordinary State Commission, the Institute organized eight expeditions to the liberated regions of the Russian SFR and the Ukrainian SSR in order to survey a number of settlements and kurgan burial grounds as well as museums with archaeological collections damaged during the war. Involvement in the activities of the Extraordinary State Commission enabled the Moscow Branch of the Institute to continue performing its main functions as a research institution during the hard time of the war.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FIELDWORK OF EXPEDITIONS AND TEAMS FROM THE MOSCOW BRANCH OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE / INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, IN 1945-1964

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-436
Author(s):  
С. А. Володин
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Upturn ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Thaw Period

В статье представлен обзор и анализ работ полевых экспедиций московского отделения центрального археологического учреждения страны - Института истории материальной культуры / Института археологии АН СССР в первые два послевоенных десятилетия. Этот период истории страны характеризуется общим восстановлением после трагедий войны в 1940-е - начале 1950-х гг., активным экономическим подъемом во время «оттепели», что прямым образом сказывается на организации полевых работ столичными археологами. Основой для анализа стала национальная карта «Археологические памятники России», материалами для создания которой выступают научные отчеты, хранящиеся в Научно-отраслевом архиве ИА РАН. В качестве дополнительных сведений привлекаются документы из фонда внутренней документации Института (приказы по экспедициям). Подобный подход позволил наметить и продемонстрировать тенденции и основные направления научных интересов сотрудников ИИМК/ИА. The paper provides an overview and analysis of the field expeditions organized by the Moscow Branch of the country's central archaeological institute - the Institute for the History of Material Culture/Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences -during the first postwar decades. This period in the country's history is characterized by rebuilding of the country in the 1940s - early 1950s after the war tragedies, and economic upturn during the thaw period which directly influenced the organization of fieldwork by archaeologists from the capital. The analysis was driven by the efforts to compile a national map of Archaeological Sites of Russia using the excavation reports from the Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS. Documents from the internal documentation archive (directives related to the expeditions) were used as additional information. This approach helped identify and describe the trends and the main areas of research conducted by the Institute for the History of Material Culture / Institute of Archaeology.

SUBJECT AND METHOD OF ARCHEOLOGY: F. V. KIPARISOV'S NOTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
MIHAIL KISELEV
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides information on the report of F. V. Kiparisov, kept in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "The Subject and Method of Archeology" and discussions on the report at the meeting of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy, dated November 29, 1931. The aim of the work was to introduce an unpublished archival source into scientific circulation on the history of archeology. As a result of studying the document, some conclusions can be drawn: the main advantage of the scientific work of F. V. Kiparisov, in our opinion, is an attempt to determine the place of archeology in historical science as an auxiliary scientific discipline. The scientist assigned a special place to material sources in the study of thehistorical development of society. At the same time, the report did not touch upon the questions of the methods of archeology, stated in the title of the speech. As for the relationship of archeology with the history of material culture, the differences between them were not convincing enough by the speaker. During the discussion on the report, scientists of the Institute of History criticized the position of the speaker both on issues of archeology and on the history of material cultures. The information provided will expand the source base on the history of archeology and can be used for research and educational purposes.

Caucasica

1943 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
H. W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Script Language ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
History Of Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
To Receive

Knowledge of scholarly literature produced in recent years in Georgia is all too little disseminated in England. I was delighted to receive a copy of vol. xiii of the Bulletin of the Marr Institute of Languages, History, and Material Culture, published by the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR (Sahartvelos SSR Mecnierebata Ak'ademia), Tiflis, 1942. This volume contains “A Bilingual Inscription from Armazi near Mcheta in Georgia,” by Professor George Tseretheli, written in Georgian with an almost complete English translation, and with three excellent photographs. The bilingual inscription is in Greek (10 lines) and Aramaic (11 lines), and is one of two inscriptions found at Armazi, 22 km. from Tiflis, in 1940 in excavations under the direction of the late I. Javakhishvili. A report of this discovery was made at the Session of the Scientific Council of the Institute in 1940, and at the first Conference of the Georgian Academy of Sciences on the 1st March, 1941. The Greek inscription was published by S. Qaukhchishvili (Qauχčlišvili) and A. Shanidze in 1941. Professor Tseretheli has analysed the Aramaic inscription, its script, language, and historical significance, and offered a translation. The script which he proposes to call Armazian Aramaic, a new variety of this alphabet; is of great importance for the history of writing in Georgia.

Spectral Analysis of Metal Articles from Archaeological Monuments of the Caucasus

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Selimkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Ancient Metallurgy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

For a long time the study of the history of ancient metallurgy and mining in the Caucasus could not be conducted satisfactorily in the USSR due to the lack of adequate scientific analysis of metallic complexes from archaeological sites.In his work devoted to the history of metallurgy in the Caucasus a well-known archaeologist A. A. Yessen justly remarks that for solving a number of problems connected with those questions the then existing data on chemical analysis was insufficient, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Because of this indeed it later became apparent that a number of questions investigated by A. A. Yessen were not always correctly elucidated. Even so, it should be certainly mentioned here that his monograph provided a rich historical material and already indicated the direction to be followed by further investigation of the history of ancient metallurgy and mining in the Caucasus, always assuming that sufficient chemical investigation was carried out.Systematic investigation of metallic objects from the monuments in the Caucasus began in 1933. It was at this time that work on chemical analysis began to develop at Leningrad in the Institute of Historic Technology at the then existing Academy of Material Culture named after N. J. Marr. The purpose of this research, carried out under the guidance of A. A. Yessen and V. V. Danilevsky, was to find out the history of the use of tin.

scholarly journals From the History of the Studies of the “Cave Town” of Kachi-Kal’on in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 594-608
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Great Work ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Functional Purpose ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Table Mountains

The “cave towns” are located atop of table mountains built of limestone, or in rocky limestone precipices, within a small section of the Inner Range of the Crimean Mountains in the south-western Crimea. Among a very few written sources on the history of mediaeval Crimea there are mostly narratives, so thorough archaeological study of the sites is essential. Only the analysis of the data obtained by archaeology will shed light on the history of the creation, development, and decline of these enigmatic cave structures. This paper addresses the history of the study of the “cave town” of Kachi-Kal’on. This site is located in the Bakhchisarai District (Republic of the Crimea). Although the travelogues from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century regularly mentioned Kachi-Kal’on, the first archaeological studies of the site were carried out only in 1930. The excavations were conducted at a small square on the promontory in front of the fourth grotto of Kachi-Kal’on, where fortifications of the fortress were allegedly located. The excavations were carried out by the Eski-Kermen Expedition of the State Academy of the History of the Material Culture under the supervision of N. I. Repnikov. In the early autumn 1933, the archaeological researches at Kachi-Kal’on continued by the same expedition. Apart from the investigations in the territory of the ancient town where the cultural layer was disturbed, a great work was done to study and describe the whole site. This paper analyses the circumstances of the said researches of the site and examines the results of these works. The origin and functional purpose of the “cave town” is still disputable. The paper is the first to publish the photographs from the collections of the Institute of the History of the Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals The Polish Ethnographic Atlas: Research Achievements and Prospects

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pieńczak
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract In 1998, the source materials of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas - collected over many decades with the participation of the Institute of History of Material Culture (a unit of the Polish Academy of Sciences) and several leading ethnological centres - were moved to the Cieszyn Branch of the University of Silesia (currently the Faculty of Ethnology and Education). It was then that Z. Kłodnicki, the editor of the PEA, came up with the idea to continue and finish the atlas studies. However, the work on fulfilling the PEA, the biggest project in the history of Polish ethnology, is still going on. Nowadays, the materials of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas constitute a precious, unique in the national scale, documentary base. For several years, a lively cooperation has taken place between the PEA staff (representing the Faculty of Ethnology and Education of the University of Silesia) and various cultural institutions, government and non-government organizations. The discussed projects are usually aimed at the preservation and protection of the cultural heritage of the Polish village as well as the broadly related promotion actions for activating local communities. The workers of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas since 2014 have been also implementing the Ministry grant entitled The Polish Ethnographic Atlas - scientific elaboration, electronic database, publication of the sources in the Internet, stage I (scientific supervision: Ph.D. Agnieszka Pieńczak). What is an integral assumption of the discussed project is the scientific elaboration of three electronic catalogues, presenting the PEA resources: 1) field photographs (1955-1971) 2) the questionnaires concerning folk collecting (1948-1952), 3. the published maps (1958-2013). These materials have been selected due to their documentary value. The undertaking has brought about some measurable effects, mostly the special digital platform www.archiwumpae.us.edu.pl. This material database of ethnographic data might become the basis for designing various non-material activities aimed at preserving the cultural heritage of the Polish village.

scholarly journals Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the Days of Great Trials: 1941-1942

2020 ◽  
pp. 719-735
Author(s):  
Simon S. Ilizarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Soviet Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper reviews the work of the Archive of the Soviet Academy of Sciences during the blockade of Leningrad in 1941–42. It is based on the archive series that contains a report detailing the work of the 22 Academy’s institutions in Leningrad (11 scientific research institutes, 3 museums, the Archive, the Library, the Geographical Society, etc.) over 7 months of 1942 and prepared for the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It lists Archive’s staff members who died or were evacuated during this period. It shows that, even in the hardest days under the blockade, the work in the Archive never stopped. An important part of this work was associated with the activities of the Commission for the History of the USSR Academy of Sciences (KIAN). The paper reviews the history of the KIAN creation under the auspices of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad in 1938, soon after forcible liquidation of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology and tragic death of its first director, Academician N.I. Bukharin. A number of outstanding historians-archivists and historians of science – A.I. Andreyev, I.I. Lyubimenko, L.B. Modzalevskii, and others – participated in the work of the KIAN headed by Academician S. I. Vavilov and his deputy, Director of the Archive, G.A. Knyazev. The research and archaeographic work of the Archive’s staff was associated with preparation of publications for the “Scientific Heritage” series (it was established in 1940 upon initiative of the President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences V. L. Komarov with active participation of the eminent historian of science T. I. Rainov). During that period, the editorial work on the second volume of the “Reviews of Archive Materials” (Obozreniya arkhivnykh materialov) was completed and V.F. Gnucheva completed her unique history-of-science book “The Geographical Department of the 18th century Academy of Sciences.” Both books were published after the war, in 1946. The main result of the work of the few Archive’s staff members was safeguarding the precious historical materials and searching for, concentrating, and preserving documentation of evacuated institutions and individual scientists, some of whom were killed by the cold, famine, and diseases. The paper contains data from official reports: quantitative data concerning documents taken into the Archive’s custody in 1941 and in 1942 and processed and described series; it names institutions and scholars, whose documents ended up in the Archive of the Academy of Sciences. By July 31, 1942, the number of fonds in the Archive reached 740. Reports of such Academy institutions as the Institute of Oriental Studies, the N.Ya. Marr Institute for the History of Material Culture, the Institute of Literature, the All-Union Geographical Society, and others allow the scholars to analyze their work associated with the preservation of books and archival fonds and collections. The paper is based on documentary sources that are being introduced into scientific use for the first time.

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