Nutritional value of alfalfa genotypes at various growth stages

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
В.Г. Косолапова ◽  
С.А. Муссие
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Omega 3

В статье представлены материалы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, характеризующие биологические особенности люцерны в зависимости от фазы развития, сортовой принадлежности и в сравнении с другими культурами. В решении проблемы производства энергонасыщенных высокобелковых кормов ей отводится важная роль. Люцерна (Medicago sativa) является важнейшей кормовой и самой распространённой культурой в мире. Она отличается высокой урожайностью, ценными кормовыми характеристиками по протеиновой, витаминной и минеральной питательности. В России площадь посевов люцерны достигает 2,3–2,5 млн га. Онa широко выращивается на территории Центрального и Приволжского экономических районов. Люцерна превосходит многие бобовые и злаковые культуры по содержанию питательных веществ и занимает одно из главных мест в кормопроизводстве Российской Федерации для использования в зелёном конвейере и приготовления сена, сенажа и силоса. Авторами отмечается высокое содержание сырого протеина (в пределах 18–20%) в сочетании с богатым составом аминокислот и омега-3 жирных кислот и энергией (9,9–10,8 МДж в сухом веществе), а также высокое содержание макро- и микроэлементов. В статье проведён обзор научных исследований по оценке питательности люцерны в зависимости от фазы роста, установлено увеличение содержания НДК и КДК в период от бутонизации до полного цветения, снижение содержания протеина, водорастворимых углеводов и переваримости органического вещества. В настоящем обзоре представлены сведения о содержании питательных веществ в листьях и стеблях и отмечены различия в зависимости от сорта растения. Результаты исследований питательной ценности различных сортов люцерны в России, Турции, Польше, Болгарии и Эфиопии показали высокую вариабельность по содержанию сырого протеина, НДК, КДК, сырой золы, сырого жира и переваримости сухого вещества. This paper reports on the biology of alfalfa genotypes at different growth stages described by domestic and foreign literature. Alfalfa has a good potential as a source of high-protein and high-energy feed. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is widely cultivated for forage all over the world. This crop has high productivity and is rich in protein, vitamins and mineral elements. In Russia alfalfa fields occupy 2.3–2.5 million ha. Alfalfa is one of the most important crops in the Central and Volga regions. It exceeds most legumes and gramineous in nutritional value and is extensively used for green forage, hay, haylage and silage production. Alfalfa has high concentration of crude protein (18–20%), energy (9.9–10.8 MJ in dry matter), amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids as well as macro- and microelements. The article reviews alfalfa nutritional value as affected by growth stage. Contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increases at budding-flowering period while concentrations of protein and water-soluble carbohydrates drops together with organic matter digestibility. This review provides information on leaf and stem nutrients effected by genotype. According to experiments conducted in Russia, Turkey, Poland, Bulgaria and Ethiopia alfalfa genotypes vary significantly in crude protein, NDF, ADF, crude ash, crude fat and dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of sugarcane silage added with two types of urea

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Wagner Sousa-Alves ◽  
João-Paulo S Rigueira ◽  
Marielly M Almeida-Moura ◽  
Diego L S De-Jesus ◽  
Flávio P Monção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Concentration Levels

Background: Dry matter (DM) loss is high in sugarcane silage due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates which favors yeast growth and ethanol production, thus reducing the nutritional value of the preserved forage. Objective: To determine the effect of adding two types of urea at two concentration levels to sugarcane silage on the nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage. Methods: A completely randomized 2×2+1 factorial design was used, based on two types of urea (conventional and protected), two urea concentration (0.5 and 1.0% of the natural matter), and a control (sugarcane silage with no additives). Six replicates were used. The mixture was placed in PVC silos and opened after 60 days. Results: There was no difference in DM content or effluent losses by the addition of urea. In regards to neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, decreased levels were observed compared to the control, regardless of urea type. Urea type and concentration had an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content, with higher values for conventional urea, but not affecting the pH. The addition of urea to sugarcane silage reduced gas losses and raised the levels of crude protein, ether extract, and effective degradability. Conclusion: Adding protected or conventional urea at 1% of natural matter at the time of sugarcane ensiling reduces gas losses and improves nutritional composition of the silage.

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Ernestina dos Ribeiro Santos Neta ◽  
Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo ◽  
Daiany Íris Gomes ◽  
Janaina Barros Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Babassu Cake

This study evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and crude protein (CP) in byproducts of African oil palm (palm cake, kernel or fiber), macaúba (pulp cake and kernel cake), acai (acai fruit), babassu (kernel cake) and pineapple (peel, crown and bagasse silage). Nineteen rumen-fistulated sheep were kept in individual stalls, receiving a daily diet composed of elephant grass silage and corn and soybean concentrate. After preparation in nylon bags, the byproduct samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, with three replicates of each ingredient per incubation time. The divergence between the protein nutritional value and energy nutritional value, based on discriminatory variables between groups, was estimated by cluster analysis. The effective degradability of DM, NDFap and CP for the different byproducts was, respectively, 35.9, 26.9 and 59.0% for palm cake; 48.3, 34.3 and 76.4% for palm kernel; 21.1, 6.6 and 50.3% for palm fiber; 34.3, 15.0 and 52.8% for macaúba pulp cake; 58.1; 63.0 and 51.6% for macaúba kernel cake; 49.7, 49.6 and 41.8% for babassu cake; 53.4, 40.5 and 79.8% for pineapple bagasse silage; and 21.3, 17.0 and 38.9% for acai fruit. Based on their NDFap and CP characteristics, the feeds were clustered in up to four different groups.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
B Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

Grass size and butterfly pea inclusion modify the nutritional value of elephant grass silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikon Figueredo Lemos ◽  
Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Butterfly Pea

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of silages from tall-sized and dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, intercropped or not with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea). The experiment was performed in randomized complete blocks, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement (four genotypes × two cropping systems). The genotypes intercropped or not with butterfly pea were: IRI-381 and Elephant B, tall sized; and Taiwan A-146 2.37 and Mott, dwarf. Forage was harvested 60 days after regrowth. In the silage from Mott grass intercropped with butterfly pea, lower contents of lignin (78.1 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (636.0 g kg-1), and neutral detergent insoluble protein (13.15 g kg-1), besides a greater dry matter recovery (873.3 g kg-1), were observed. The silage from Taiwan A-146 2.37 intercropped with the legume showed a greater crude protein content (136.1 g kg-1). In both silages, the ammonia nitrogen contents were quite reduced (26.4 g kg-1). However, greater residual water-soluble carbohydrate contents were observed in the silages from the intercrop (1.85 mg g-1) and from the Mott grass monocrop (1.51 mg g-1). Moreover, there was a lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (676.7 g kg-1) for the silage from the intercrop. Dwarf genotypes increase the nutritional value of elephant grass silage, compared with the tall-sized ones. Intercropping with butterfly pea improves silage fermentation characteristics, despite reducing its digestibility. Therefore, the ensilage of dwarf Mott elephant grass intercropped with butterfly pea shows more promising results.

Effects of heat processing on digestible energy and other nutrient digestibilities of full-fat soybeans fed to weaner, grower and finisher pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Marty ◽  
Eduardo R. Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The influence of different heat treatments for full-fat soybeans (FFSB) on digestible energy (DE) values and fecal nutrient digestibilities was studied using 180 castrated male Landrace pigs at three different growth stages: weaner (17.1 ± 0.2 kg), grower (32 ± 0.2 kg) and finisher (61.6 ± 0.3 kg). The soybean products used in weaner (30%), grower (25%) and finisher (20%) diets were soybean meal (SBM) or FFSB processed by either extrusion (Ex), jet sploding (Js), micronization (Mi) or roasting (Ro). Digestibilities were determined by total fecal collections during the last 7 d of each 12-d period. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities of FFSB were lower (P < 0.05) in weaner than in grower or finisher pigs, but DE values and apparent digestibilities of crude protein (CP) and ether extract were not influenced by growth stage. Extruded FFSB had a superior CP digestibility than the other soybean products (86.4 vs. 79.8, 79.8, 80.0 and 78.2% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively), and it also had a higher DE value (21.0 vs. 20.0, 19.6, 18.5 and 16.6 MJ DE kg−1 DM, P < 0.05). Extrusion of FFSB was most beneficial for weaner pigs as this heat treatment resulted in higher (P < 0.05) CP (87.8 vs. 80.9, 80.8, 82.1 and 76.6% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively) and NDF (76.2 vs. 62.7, 63.3, 61.9 and 53.8% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively) digestibilities. The heat treatments did not influence the CP and NDF digestibilities during grower or finisher stages. The data suggested that extrusion of FFSB yielded superior DE values and CP digestibilities than other heat treatments. Key words: Full-fat soybean products, extrusion, digestibility, pigs

Food intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation in reindeer fed baled timothy silage in summer and winter

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Aagnes ◽  
A. S. Blix ◽  
S. D. Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Feeding Trials

SUMMARYReindeer calves(Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were used in parallel feeding trials with two different qualities of round-bale timothy silage in September 1992 (summer) and April 1993 (winter) in northern Norway, to determine the effect of season on their food intake and ability to utilize silage of different fibre contents. The silages were prepared from first-cut (FC) and regrowth (RG) timothy. The FC silage contained (on a dry matter (DM) basis) 12·3% crude protein, 30·4% cellulose and 6·2% water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), whereas the RG silage contained 14·3% crude protein, 18·7% cellulose and 30·0% WSC. For each trial, six male calves were taken directly from a natural range and divided into two groups of three animals. One group was offered FC silage and one RG silagead libitum, for 46 days. Mean daily DM food intake (g/kg liveweight) was not significantly different in summer compared to winter(P> 0·05), but significantly higher in the animals fed RG silage compared to the animals fed FC silage (P< 0·0001). The apparent digestibility coefficient of DM was high for both silages both in summer and winter, ranging from 74·4 to 86·6%. However, the digestibility in winter was significantly higher than in summer(P< 0·002) and the digestibility of RG silage was higher than that of the FC silage (P< 0·009). The ruminal VFA concentration was significantly higher in winter than in summer (P< 0·03) and in the animals fed RG silage (range 55·3–104·9 mM) compared to the animals fed FC silage (range 35·2–61·7 mM) (P< 0·002). In spite of the high digestibility of both the FC and RG silages, the nitrogen balance was significantly higher in the animals in winter compared to summer(P< 0·0001) and in the animals fed RG silage compared to the animals fed FC silage(P< 0·0001). Thus, utilization of grass silage in reindeer appears to be influenced both by season and by plant quality.

scholarly journals The effect of different proportions of Medicago media Pers. in mixtures with Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus on the yield and feed value of green fodder

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzenna Olszewska ◽  
Stefan Grzegorczyk ◽  
Anna Bałuch-Małecka
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Full Utilization

A field experiment was performed in 2011–2013. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different proportions of Medicago media in mixtures with Festulolium braunii on the yield and feed value of green fodder, including the content of crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and the carbohydrate-to-protein ratio. It was found that alfalfa had a high competitive advantage over Festulolium. In the second and third year of full utilization, alfalfa was the predominant species in the tested mixtures regardless of the proportion of sown seeds. The mixtures with alfalfa were characterized by high and stable dry matter yields and high protein content, whereas Festulolium significantly increased the content of WSC and improved the WSC:CP ratio. The evaluated mixtures had a higher feed value than pure-sown components. The results of the study indicate that Festulolium mixtures with a lower proportion (30% and 50%) of alfalfa are characterized by a higher feed value.

scholarly journals The effect of lactic acid additive on the quality and chemical composition of meadow grass silage

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Jan Pyś ◽  
Wladislaw Migdal ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Olga Kosovac ◽  
Mihal Fabjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Dominant Grasses

In the experiment, forage from the 1st cut of meadow grasses mown at the heading stage of dominant grasses was ensiled. The control silages were made from fresh forage (dry matter 223.5 g?kg-1) and wilted forage (dry matter 351.9 g?kg-1). The experimental silages were made from fresh forages supplemented with a 5% water solution of lactic acid (0.5 and 0.7 l?100 kg-1 of forage) and 8% water solution of lactic acid (0.4 and 0.6 l?100 kg-1 of forage). The highest contents of crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and energy were found in silages supplemented with 5% lactic acid applied at 0.7 l?100 kg-1 of forage and in silages supplemented with 8% lactic acid applied at 0.6 l?100 kg-1 of forage. The above silage variants were also characterized by the lowest content of NH3-N in total-N, butyric acid and acetic acid, as well as the highest contents of lactic acid and the best indicators of fermentation quality. No important differences were found between silages made from wilted forage and silages made with lactic acid supplement.

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