Seed productivity of Maral root in the Perm Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Г.П. Майсак ◽  
Д.А. Матолинец
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
First Time

В разработке технологии возделывания любой сельскохозяйственной культуры важное место занимает получение семян в конкретных почвенно-климатических условиях. Впервые в условиях Пермского края изучались элементы технологии возделывания левзеи сафлоровидной (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) на семена. Исследования проведены на опытном поле ФГБНУ «Пермский НИИСХ» – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН. В 2018–2019 годах были определены биологическая урожайность семян левзеи сафлоровидной и её структура. Цель исследований — определить семенную продуктивность левзеи сафлоровидной при разных приёмах возделывания в условиях Пермского края. Наибольшая биологическая урожайность семян левзеи сафлоровидной получена при рядовом способе посева с нормой высева 0,4 млн всхожих семян/га — 54,18 г/м2, в вариантах с нормой высева 0,2 и 0,3 млн урожайность была несколько ниже и существенно ниже (на 19,98 г/м2) — при норме высева 0,5 млн. При широкорядном способе посева также выделился вариант с нормой высева 0,4 млн всхожих семян на 1 га, обеспечив на 1 м2 51,48 г семян, достоверно ниже она получена при высеве 0,2 млн — на 21,48 г и в пределах ошибки опыта — в остальных вариантах (НСР05 = 19,46 г/м2). При рядовом посеве наибольшая урожайность семян была обусловлена наибольшим числом побегов на 1 м2, массой семян в соцветии; в широкорядном — количеством побегов на 1 м2, количеством и массой семян в соцветии. Установлена тесная прямая корреляция биологической урожайности семян с количеством генеративных побегов (r = 0,992), средняя корреляция — с количеством (r = 0,658) и массой (r = 0,685) семян в соцветии и средняя обратная — с лабораторной всхожестью (r = –0,584). When developing a growing technique for each crop efficient seed production becomes a crucial process in a particular region. For the first time Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin) was studied for seed production in the Perm Territory. Productivity of Maral root and its yield parameters were analyzed in 2018–2019. The aim was to test seed production of Maral root under different cultivation techniques. The highest seed yield was obtained under row planting and the seeding rate of 0.4 million germinated seeds — 54.18 g/m2. Seeding rates of 0.2 and 0.3 million seeds led to lower productivity, the one of 0.5 million seeds significantly reduced crop yield by 19.98 g/m2. Planting of 0.4 million seeds/ha in wide rows provided 51.48 g of seeds/m2. Other variants showed lower productivity, while 0.2 million seeds significantly reduced seed yield by 21.48 g. The highest productivity under row seeding was explained by the highest shoot number per 1 m2 and seed weight per inflorescence, while under the wide-row seeding — by shoot number per 1 m2, seed quantity and weight per inflorescence. Seed yield had strong positive correlation with the number of shoots (r = 0.992), the medium one — with seed number and weight per inflorescence (r = 0.658 and r = 0.685, respectively). Medium negative correlation was observed between seed yield and seed laboratory germination (r = –0.584).

Residue management increases seed yield of three turfgrass species on the Canadian prairies

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
J. J. Soroka ◽  
H. G. Najda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
The Impact

Little information is available on the management of turfgrass species for seed production in the Canadian prairies. The objective of these studies was to assess the impact of residue management and row spacing on seed yield under irrigation. A factorial experiment was seeded at Saskatoon, SK, in 1993 to assess the impact of burning or scalping (very close mowing with residue removal) vs. mowing, and 20- vs. 40-cm row spacing on seed yield of Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis), creeping red fescue (CRF) (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) and creeping bentgrass (CBG) (Agrostis palustris). Also, a residue management trial on KBG was seeded at Brooks, AB, in 1993. At Saskatoon, yield was higher at 20-cm spacing across all three species in 1994, but spacing had no impact on winter survival, stand density, tiller growth or yield in subsequent years. Burning and scalping consistently resulted in earlier spring green-up, a higher proportion of fertile tillers, and higher seed yield than mowing. Even with residue management, yield declined after one harvest in CBG and CRF, and after two harvests in KBG. At Brooks, residue management had a similar impact on yield of KBG. A second trial at Brooks examined the impact of row spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) and seeding rate (0.5 to 6 kg seed ha-1) on KBG. Seed yield was highest at 40-cm spacings in 1994, at 60 cm in 1995, and at 40 to 60 cm in 1996. Seeding rate did not have a consistent effect on yield. We conclude that a combination of residue management and 20- to 40-cm spacings provide the highest, most consistent seed yields for these turfgrass species in this region. Key words: Burning, clipping, turfgrass, seed production, row spacing, Poa, Festuca, Agrostis

scholarly journals The Optimum Plant Density for Vigorous Seed Production in Safflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
İsmail Özaşık ◽  
Mehmet Demir Kaya ◽  
Engin Gökhan Kulan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Vigorous Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Laboratory Emergence

Seed viability and vigor have been influenced by several factors including soil and climatic conditions, plant nutrition, fertilization, irrigation, plant population and post-harvest storages. The study was conducted to determine the appropriate plant density for vigorous seed production in safflower. The effects of row spacing (14 and 28 cm) and seeding rate (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 seeds m-2) on yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower were detected in the study. The results showed that increased seeding rates resulted in enhanced seed yield and the highest seed yield was obtained from 14 cm and 200 seed m-2 with 3320 kg ha-1. The row spacing and seeding rate did not cause a significant difference in oil and protein contents. Laboratory emergence, germination after accelerated ageing (AA) and electrical conductivity tests were suitable for determining seed quality among the seed lots, while standard germination, cool and cold tests were not appropriate. The highest laboratory emergence percentage and germination after AA were determined in 80 seed m-2 but field emergence percentage in 120 seed m-2. It was concluded that the 14 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 120 seed m-2 should be advised for high yielding seed production regardless of seed vigor in safflower.

Effect of seeding rate on seed production of perennial ryegrass after establishment with a grain companion crop in the Peace River region of north-western Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Viable Seeds

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of seeding rate on the seed yield and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in the year after establishment with a grain companion crop. Each of two sites was sown with 70 kg ha–1 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and under-sown, in 30-cm rows, with three cultivars (All*Star, Barclay and Repell) of diploid perennial ryegrass at seeding rates of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 and 4800 viable seeds m–2. During the establishment year of the perennial ryegrass, the grain yield of the barley companion crop was comparable to commercial yields for the region. Time of seed maturity, seed yield and thousand-seed weight of perennial ryegrass were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the seeding rate, but were by cultivar. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) seeding rate × cultivar interaction for fertile tiller density and specific seed weight. Seed dockage differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among cultivars (16.7–27.9%) and increased with seeding rate (19.8–24.2%), and the germination capacity of the harvested seed was unaffected by seeding rate or cultivar. Grass seed yield was positively associated with fertile tiller density for each cultivar (r = 0.454***, n = 72 for All*Star; r = 0.364***, n = 72 for Repell; and r = 0.719***, n = 72 for Barclay). Compared with the other cultivars, Barclay matured 13 –15d later, had the lowest density of fertile tillers (1330 m–2), the highest seed dockage (27.9%) and the lowest seed yield (345 kg ha–1). All*Star had the highest seed yield (774 kg ha–1), the lowest seed dockage (16.7%), and the highest thousand-seed weight (1.55g). Repell was intermediate in seed yield (633 kg ha–1) but similar to All*Star, rather than Barclay, in other characteristics. The later maturity, creeping habit and prostrate stature of Barclay may have reduced its ability to produce fertile tillers and seed as efficiently as the other two cultivars at this northern latitude. In the Peace River region, there is potential for under-seeding a spring grain crop with perennial ryegrass for the production of successive harvests of grain and grass seed, provided the cultivar of perennial ryegrass is adequately adapted for seed production. The seeding rate for the perennial ryegrass is not particularly critical and 150–300 viable seeds m–2 should be adequate for diploid perennial ryegrass grown in rows with a grain companion crop. Key words: Perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., grass seed production, grass seed quality, seeding rate, grain companion crop

Integrating Cropping Systems with Cultural Techniques Augments Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Management in Barley

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
R. Byron Irvine ◽  
T. Kelly Turkington ◽  
George W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Wild oat causes more crop yield losses and accounts for more herbicide expenditures than any other weed species on the Canadian Prairies. A study was conducted from 2001 to 2005 at four Canadian Prairie locations to determine the influence of repeated cultural and herbicidal management practices on wild oat population density, biomass, and seed production, and on barley biomass and seed yield. Short or tall cultivars of barley were combined with normal or double barley seeding rates in continuous barley or a barley–canola–barley–field-pea rotation under three herbicide rate regimes. The same herbicide rate regime was applied to the same plots in all crops each year. In barley, cultivar type and seeding rate were also repeated on the same plots year after year. Optimal cultural practices (tall cultivars, double seeding rates, and crop rotation) reduced wild oat emergence, biomass, and seed production, and increased barley biomass and seed yield, especially at low herbicide rates. Wild oat seed production at the quarter herbicide rate was reduced by 91, 95, and 97% in 2001, 2003, and 2005, respectively, when tall barley cultivars at double seeding rates were rotated with canola and field pea (high management) compared to short barley cultivars at normal seeding rates continuously planted to barley (low management). Combinations of favorable cultural practices interacted synergistically to reduce wild oat emergence, biomass and seed production, and to increase barley yield. For example, at the quarter herbicide rate, wild oat biomass was reduced 2- to 3-, 6- to 7-, or 19-fold when optimal single, double, or triple treatments were combined, respectively. Barley yield reductions in the low-management scenario were somewhat compensated for by full herbicide rates. However, high management at low herbicide rates often produced more barley than low management in higher herbicide rate regimes.

scholarly journals Seed production of perennial grasses in the Far North

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin ◽  
A. A. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Far North ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

The results of research on improving disturbed lands by sowing them with perennial grasses are presented. The methods of seed production of perennial cereal grasses, the genotype of which allows to go through all development phases during a short warm period and resume their growth the next year, were studied. The study was carried out in the forest-tundra zone of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug on an oldarable (30-year development) surface-podzolic eluvial-gleyic soil in 2016-2018. It was established that sowing perennial grasses for seeds using a wide-row method is more effective than conventional row planting. On average in 2 years, the yield of seeds of red fescue grass was 0.36 t/ha, which is 0.08 t/ha or 28.6%, higher with a wide-row sowing method than with the conventional row planting. It was established that a decrease in the seeding rate by half ensures an increase in the yield of seeds compared to the previously recommended rates. The yield of seeds of red fescue grass with a reduced seeding rate and a wide-row sowing method on average in 2 years was 0.39 t/ha, alpine bluegrass – 0.6 t/ha, which was 0.02–0.06 t/ha higher than with full seeding rates, respectively. Sowing of cereal grasses in the middle of September (before winter) proved to be promising. The seed yield of Bering meadow grass sown in early-winter was noted to be higher (by 83%) than in the spring period; the yield of red fescue grass was practically the same in both studied variants. The maximum seed yield is formed by local species of perennial grasses.

scholarly journals Effect of Earthing up and Level of Irrigation on Yield and Quality Seed Production of Onion

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
MK Ali ◽  
MN Alam ◽  
MAB Barkotulla ◽  
SMAT Khandaker ◽  
PW Simon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during the period from October 2001 to April 2002 to study the effect of earthing up and level of irrigation on yield and quality seed production of onion (cv. Taherpuri) at Rajshahi University campus, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Two different factors were considered, factor (A): Earthing up (E1), without earthing up (E0) and factor (B): irrigation level (5 levels) viz. irrigation start at 1st time and when required (I4), irrigation start at 40 DAP and when required (I3), irrigation start at 60 DAP and when required (I2), irrigation start at 80 DAP and when required (I1), no irrigation or control (I0). The standard dose of cowdung and NPK were applied according to HRDP (1995). The factorial experiment was laid out following at Split Plot Design (SPD) with three replications. The result revealed that bulb emergence, plant height number of leaves, length of scape, tillers, seeded fruits, fruits set, days to blooming, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and germination percentage were significantly influenced by different treatments. The highest seed yield (405.97 kg/ha) was found from earthing up with irrigation start at first time and when required (E1I4) followed by E1I3 (347.37 kg/ha), E0I4 (330.73 kg/ha) compared with other treatments. The results suggested that earthing up with 3-4 times irrigation is more effective for onion seed production in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18163 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 81 - 91, 2007

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Hans J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

scholarly journals Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Rubel ◽  
Katharina Brugger ◽  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Hans Dautel ◽  
Elisabeth Meyer-Kayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Ixodes Frontalis ◽  
Argas Reflexus ◽  
The One ◽  
Argasid Tick ◽  
First Time

AbstractAn updated and increased compilation of georeferenced tick locations in Germany is presented here. This data collection extends the dataset published some years ago by another 1448 new tick locations, 900 locations of which were digitized from literature and 548 locations are published here for the first time. This means that a total of 3492 georeferenced tick locations is now available for Germany. The tick fauna of Germany includes two species of Argasidae in the genera Argas and Carios and 19 species of Ixodidae in the genera Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes, altogether 21 tick species. In addition, three species of Ixodidae in the genera Hyalomma (each spring imported by migratory birds) and Rhipicephalus (occasionally imported by dogs returning from abroad with their owners) are included in the tick atlas. Of these, the georeferenced locations of 23 tick species are depicted in maps. The occurrence of the one remaining tick species, the recently described Ixodes inopinatus, is given at the level of the federal states. The most common and widespread tick species is Ixodes ricinus, with records in all 16 federal states. With the exception of Hamburg, Dermacentor reticulatus was also found in all federal states. The occurrence of the ixodid ticks Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes hexagonus and I. inopinatus were documented in at least 11 federal states each. The two mentioned argasid tick species were also documented in numerous federal states, the pigeon tick Argas reflexus in 11 and the bat tick Carios vespertilionis in seven federal states. The atlas of ticks in Germany and the underlying digital dataset in the supplement can be used to improve global tick maps or to study the effects of climate change and habitat alteration on the distribution of tick species.

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