The Small Imitation Form in the Sacred Chorale Concertos by Samuel Scheidt

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
М.Е. Гирфанова
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Line Material ◽  
Basso Continuo ◽  
Free Part ◽  
Compositional Technique ◽  
Music Theorist

Известный немецкий теоретик музыки XVII века Вольфганг Каспар Принц в труде „Historische Beschreibung der edelen Sing- und Kling-Kunst“ («Историческое описание благородного искусства вокальной и инструментальной музыки», 1690) назвал Генриха Шютца, Иоганна Германа Шейна и Самуэля Шейдта тремя лучшими композиторами их времени в Германии. Композиторское письмо двух из упомянутых Принцем персон, Шейна и Шейдта, остается малоизученным в отечественном музыкознании. В статье рассматривается малая имитационная форма в хоральных концертах Шейдта из собрания „Geistliche Concerte“ («Духовные концерты»), четыре части которого были опубликованы в 1631, 1634, 1635 и 1640 годах. Тридцатилетняя война (1618–1648), непосредственно коснувшаяся Шейдта, стала причиной обращения композитора к разновидности вокального духовного концерта для небольшого состава, включающего несколько вокальных голосов (в концертах Шейдта это, как правило, три партии) и бассо континуо. Исследуются тексто-музыкальные единицы, образующиеся на основе строки или сегмента строки хорала и становящиеся материалом для имитации, раскрываются особенности имитационной техники, выявляется связь свободной части малой имитационной формы с типом обработки — Cantionalsatz, типологизируются структуры, различающиеся порядком поступления материала строки в малую имитационную форму. В конце статьи прослеживаются изменения, которые претерпевает малая имитационная форма в хоральных концертах по сравнению с хоральными мотетами из первого собрания вокальной музыки Шейдта “Cantiones sacrae” («Священные песнопения», 1620). The famous German music theorist of the 17th century, Wolfgang Caspar Printz, in his work „Historische Beschreibung der edelen Sing- und Kling-Kunst“ (“Historical Description of the Noble Art of Vocal and Instrumental Music”, 1690) named Heinrich Schütz, Johann Hermann Schein and Samuel Scheidt as the three best composers of their time in Germany, the compositional technique of two of them, Schein and Scheidt, remaining poorly studied in Russian musicology. The article examines the small imitation form in Scheidt’s chorale concertos from the „Geistliche Concerte“ (“Sacred Concertos”) collection, four parts of which were published in 1631, 1634, 1635 and 1640. The Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), which directly affected Scheidt, caused the composer to turn to a kind of vocal sacred concerto for a small cast, including few voices (in Scheidt’s concertos, these are, as a rule, three parts) and basso continuo in the organ. The textual-and-musical units that are formed on the basis of a chorale line or a segment of a line and become the material for imitation are investigated; the features of the imitation technique are revealed; a connection of the free part with the type of arrangement — Cantionalsatz, is established, mapping the structures that differ in the order in which the line material arrives in the small imitation form. At the end of the article, the changes are traced that the small imitation form has undergone in chorale concertos in comparison with chorale motets from Scheidt’s first collection of vocal music “Cantiones sacrae” (“Sacred chants”, 1620).

scholarly journals Handel's use of plucked instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Fraga
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Basso Continuo ◽  
Instrumental Color ◽  
Baroque Music ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vocal Works ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Three central features of Baroque music encompass a large portion of questions about the performance of this particular repertory: its improvisatory aspect, the use of basso continuo, and the instrumental color and variety. Teorbo and lute solos, aside of playing a role as a continuo, filled in the intermissions of oratorios in Italy since late 17th century, while organ concertos provided the same function for English oratorios in the early 18th century. It is from Handel's early period ‒ his first trip to Italy in 1707 ‒ that teorbo and archiliuto start to appear in his vocal music. Handel employed either the teorbo or archiliuto (or simply liuto) in twelve vocal works and in one instrumental Ouverture.  A complete examination of the circumstances that involve this particular aspect of Handel's music is the subject this paper.  

Air de Cour

Music ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bane
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Music ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Music Publishing ◽  
Basso Continuo ◽  
French Music ◽  
Professional Singers ◽  
Text Settings ◽  
Poetic Texts

The air de cour (courtly song) is a genre of secular vocal music produced in France during the late 16th and first half of the 17th century. The term first appeared in a collection of twenty-two solo vocal pieces with lute accompaniment published in Paris in 1571 by Adrian Le Roy. Le Roy stated that the origins of the new genre lay in the courtly appropriation of a popular vocal form, the vaudeville, and contrasted its lightness and simplicity with the “arduous” chansons of Orlande de Lassus. These and subsequent airs de cour are marked by brief, usually bipartite forms, limited vocal ranges, homophonic textures, strophic texts, syllabic text settings, and the elevated, serious tone of poetry. Unlike Le Roy’s airs, however, most 16th-century examples are for four or five voices without lute accompaniment. Some also exhibit rhythmic features suggestive of musique mesurée à l’antique. The genre peaked in both production and popularity during the reign of Louis XIII (1610–1643). Many of the era’s preeminent composers contributed to the genre, including Pierre Guédron, Antoine Boësset, and Étienne Moulinié. Airs de cour of the 17th century appeared in three forms, all published by the Ballard firm: four- or five-voice polyphony; arrangements of polyphonic airs de cour for solo voice with lute or guitar accompaniment (the most popular form); and solo voice without accompaniment of any kind. The poetic texts of airs de cour are usually anonymous, and they most often treat themes of love with a limited and precious vocabulary then current among courtly circles. A number of 17th-century editors also produced sacred parodies of popular airs de cour. Amateur musicians were the primary audience of airs de cour, but professional singers performed them as well, often with improvised ornaments and diminutions. Around mid-century the air de cour began to lose ground to new vocal genres in France, in particular the air sérieux, which featured more regular meters and basso continuo accompaniment intended for theorbo or harpsichord. Despite its disappearance from French music publishing, the reserved melodies, conservative harmony, and poetic language forged in the air de cour continued to undergird French vocal music throughout the 17th century and into the 18th. This bibliography limits itself to the air de cour proper, excluding both the air sérieux and the minor vocal genres (such as the chanson à boire, chanson à danser, and récit de ballet) contemporaneous with the air de cour.

Vasyl Bezkorovayny’s vocal works in Ukrainian music of the first half of the XX century

2019 ◽  
pp. 500-515
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kosaniak
Keyword(s):  
Choral Music ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Symphony Orchestra ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Western European ◽  
Vocal Works ◽  
Post War ◽  
Talented Artist

Vasyl Bezkorovayny (1880–1966) was a talented artist, an active figure in the musical life of Galicia and a representative of post-war Ukrainian emigrants in the United States of America. He wrote more than 350 works of various genres. Among them are compositions for symphony orchestra; vocal works — for chorus, ensembles or solo singing; chamber and instrumental music — for piano, violin, zither, cello; music for dramatic performances. The article deals with the archival and musicological analysis of expressive and stylistic features of V. Bezkorovayny’s vocal works, based on the materials of Stefanyk Lviv National Library of Ukraine. Attention is paid to the place of the composer’s vocal masterpieces in the context of Ukrainian vocal music of the first half of the XX century. The most important achievements of the composer related to the genres of choral and chamber vocal music. In style, the composer’s works combine the influences of M. Lysenko, composers of the «Peremyshl school» and Western European romantic and post-romantic models. The original secular choral music of V. Bezkorovayny covers genres of songs, plays, and large-form choirs. In his solo songs the influences of romantic western European music and Ukrainian folk songs affected the formation and approval of the composer’s style. Keywords: vocal music, chorus, solos, melodic-intonation means, harmony, rhythm.

Musical training improves memory for instrumental music, but not vocal music or words

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. P. Wilbiks ◽  
Sean Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Brain

In previous research, there exists some debate about the effects of musical training on memory for verbal material. The current research examines this relationship, while also considering musical training effects on memory for musical excerpts. Twenty individuals with musical training were tested and their results were compared to 20 age-matched individuals with no musical experience. Musically trained individuals demonstrated a higher level of memory for classical musical excerpts, with no significant differences for popular musical excerpts or for words. These findings are in support of previous research showing that while music and words overlap in terms of their processing in the brain, there is not necessarily a facilitative effect between training in one domain and performance in the other.

scholarly journals A Historical Perspective of Mangalavattiyam

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suganya Aravinthon
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Solo Music ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
Over Time

From the earliest days of the Tamil music tradition, music was considered to be a combination of vocal music, instrumental music and dance. Each of these musical genres is closely intertwined. Knowledge of one helps to know about the other. Instrumental music has been interpreted as accompaniment to solo music and dance and as a solo specialty. In Bharata's book 'Natyashasthram', musical instruments are generally divided into four categories as nerve (tata) hole (kasira) ¸ skin (avanatta) ¸ kana (kanja). In this context, it is a research paper on the history and use of the Nagaswaram and thavil instruments, which are referred to today as the Mangala Vaathyam, which the Tamils ​​have merged with their culture.  This article also examines in detail the ideological changes that have taken place over time in the use of these two musical instruments. At the same time, the use of these instruments in the sociological context is taken into account. Finally, this article is a historical study of the lineage of musicians who have mastered these instruments.

Effects of Background Music on Phonological Short-Term Memory

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Salamé ◽  
Alan Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Immediate Memory

Immediate memory for visually presented verbal material is disrupted by concurrent speech, even when the speech is unattended and in a foreign language. Unattended noise does not produce a reliable decrement. These results have been interpreted in terms of a phonological short-term store that excludes non-speechlike sounds. The characteristics of this exclusion process were explored by studying the effects of music on the serial recall of sequences of nine digits presented visually. Experiment 1 compared the effects of unattended vocal or instrumental music with quiet and showed that both types of music disrupted STM performance, with vocal music being more disruptive than instrumental music. Experiment 2 attempted to replicate this result using more highly trained subjects. Vocal music caused significantly more disruption than instrumental music, which was not significantly worse than the silent control condition. Experiment 3 compared instrumental music with unattended speech and with noise modulated in amplitude, the degree of modulation being the same as in speech. The results showed that the noise condition did not differ from silence; both of these proved less disruptive than instrumental music, which was in turn less disruptive than the unattended speech condition. Theoretical interpretation of these results and their potential practical implications for the disruption of cognitive performance by background music are discussed.

Cello in the Baroque, part 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-42
Author(s):  
Jakub Kościukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Practice ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Basso Continuo ◽  
Viola Da Gamba ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Solo Instrument

The article was based on a fragment of the author’s doctoral dissertation entitled The birth of cello as a solo instrument – instruments, practice, and selected literature examples (Academy of Music in Łódź, chapter The evolution of cello in the 17th century) and consists of two parts. The first part outlines of the evolution of cello from its birth in the 16th century to the 18th century (the text is supplemented with illustrations), whereas the second part describes the role and use of cello in music of that period. The introduction to the article includes a critical reference to the list of academic and popular science publications therein, in Polish and other languages, touching on the cello issue in the 17th and 18th centuries. The historical part touches on the circumstances of how the violin family emerged with a special attention paid to bass representatives of that group of instruments. Following a detailed analysis of preserved instruments, their reliable copies, luthier publications, illustrations and treatises from that period, the author discussed the construction of the earlies cellos. Apart from data concerning sizes and scale length of these instruments, the article includes information about their body, neck, fingerboard (with slope angle), bridge and tailpiece, materials they were made of, and types and gauge of strings used at that time. It also describes cello tuning methods. Moreover, the author mentions different types of cello (piccolo, da spalla, basse de violon) and different ways of how it was held. A separate issue are the bows, especially types of bows, their evolution and ways of holding. This part of the article is concluded with a list of different names of bass variants of the violin used in the 16th and 17th centuries before the name cello/violoncello finally settled. The second part of the article elaborates on the most important functions of cello: as a consort instrument, a universal continuo instrument or a solo instrument. Cello (along with viola da gamba or dulcian/bassoon) managed especially well as a melodic instrument co-rendering the continuo parts, and the result was that the basso continuo became the most important domain of cello in the Baroque, having a significant influence on the shape of playing technique and performance practice of that instrument. As one of melodic bass instruments, cello performed an important role in shaping the concertante style, along with the violin, shawm/oboe, cornet or flute. It was that practice combined with the improvisation practice developed simultaneously (which also influenced the development of the instrument itself) that the idea to write first autonomous compositions for the cello (solo, chamber or with basso continuo) emerged from at the end of the 17th century. Continuation of this article, which shall be devoted to Baroque works for the cello and their composers, will be published in the following issue of “Notes Muzyczny”.

scholarly journals Vinay Mishra and the Artistry of the Harmonium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Lahiru Gimhana Komangoda
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
Hindustani Music ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Music Faculty

Vinay Mishra is an accomplished Indian solo and accompanying harmonium player born and brought up in Benaras and currently residing in Delhi serving as a faculty member of the Department of Music, Faculty of Music and Fine Arts, University of Delhi. The rigorous training of both vocal and instrumental music under veteran Hindustani Music virtuosos, the academic and scholarly scope built up till the degree of PhD in Music, the realizations, and understandings on music must have conspicuously made an impact of his practice and artistry as a harmonium player. Harmonium was originated in the west and adopted by Indian musicians in the colonial era which was brought up to the present day through many artistic, cultural and political controversies, and obstacles. This work focuses on discovering the insights of the harmonium art of Vinay Mishra. Hence, his academic background, musical training, musical career, his playing style as a soloist, general techniques and techniques of accompaniment, sense of machinery, perspectives on raga Taal, and thoroughly the tuning methods were studied in-depth through personal conversations and literature resources where it was observed that modern Hindustani harmonium artists favor a typical natural tuning method over the 12 equal temperaments of the common keyboard instruments. According to him, the stable sound of the harmonium was the reason to be vocal music- friendly in classical and light vocal music accompaniment which was only interrupted by the equal temperament earlier and was later overcome by the artists and harmonium makers. The idea was also raised that apart from gaining the basic command of an instrument, a Hindustani instrumentalist may learn and practice all other aspects of Hindustani music from the teachers of other forms too. Vinay Mishra’s thoughts of machinery, musical forms, compositions, applying Hindustani vocal, and plucking string instrumental ornamentations on the Harmonium were also reviewed.

Musikästhetik für den Homo oeconomicus

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Boris Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Precise Expression ◽  
The Invisible

Autonome Musik ist nur als Ware denkbar. Diese treffende Einsicht liegt bereits der Musikästhetik Adam Smiths zugrunde, darf jedoch nicht missverstanden werden als ein auf die Musik gerichteter ökonomischer Determinismus. Vielmehr unterliegt Smiths ökonomische Theorie selbst in hohem Maße einer Ästhetisierung. Beide Ebenen, Ästhetik und Ökonomie, sind strukturell aneinander gekoppelt. Besonders deutlich wird dies an Smiths musikästhetischen Überlegungen. Er unterscheidet strikt zwischen Vokal- und Instrumentalmusik, wobei die Vokalmusik durch die Kommunikation von Sympathierelationen charakterisiert ist, während die Instrumentalmusik lediglich sich selbst kommuniziert, also autonom ist und damit der Denkfigur der unsichtbaren Hand entspricht, die in der Instrumentalmusik tatsächlich ihren präzisesten Ausdruck findet.<br><br>Autonomous music is conceivable only as a commodity. This striking insight is already underlying Adam Smith’s aesthetics of music, but it should not be misunderstood as an economic determinism on music. Rather, Smith’s economic theory itself is subject of aestheticisation. Both levels, aesthetics and economics, are structurally coupled. This is particularly evident in Smith’s musical-aesthetic considerations. He distinguishes clearly between vocal and instrumental music. While vocal music is characterised by the communication of relations of sympathy, instrumental music communicates only itself and is therefore autonomous. Thus it corresponds to the figure of the invisible hand, which actually has its most precise expression in instrumental music.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document