Traditional Culture as a System That Helped the Rural Russian Population of Siberia Overcome the Difficulties of Being in the Rear During the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Татьяна Кирилловна Щеглова
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Peasant Society ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Creative Role

В статье на основе полевых исследований с опорой на социальную память, с использованием методов и источников устной истории определяется значение традиционной культуры в поддержании жизнедеятельности сельского общества сибирского тыла в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Анализируется востребованность и мобильность народных традиций в повседневной жизни, описываются жизнесохранительные практики и их связь с традиционными умениями и навыками, определяется место этих практик в процессах социальной и хозяйственно-бытовой адаптации русских крестьян к военному времени. Делается вывод, что в основе сформированной системы преодоления трудностей лежали заместительные технологии обеспечения семьи питанием, жилищем, одеждой. Созидательность традиционной культуры и ее гибкость рассматриваются на примере огородничества и домашнего скотоводства. Отмечены тенденции их реструктуризации с целью замены традиционных базовых компонентов культуры жизнеобеспечения и перемещением их в группу второстепенных. Доказывается, что критерием адаптационных замещений служили многофункциональность и универсальность. Большое внимание уделяется половозрастному перераспределению трудовых обязанностей в сельской семье, связанному с историческим опытом воспитания и семейными традициями. В завершение исследования автор предлагает рассматривать традиционную культуру как фактор победы в Великой Отечественной войне, а опыт выживания крестьянского общества в трудных условиях считать составной частью подвига населения сибирской тыловой деревни This article discusses the importance of traditional culture in maintaining the life of rural society in the Siberian rear during the Great Patriotic War. It is based on field research using methods and sources of oral history to explore social memory. The article analyzes the relevance and mobility of folk traditions in everyday life, describes life-saving practices and their relationship with traditional skills, and determines the place of these practices in helping Russian peasants adapt to wartime social and economic needs. The author asserts that the adaptive system for overcoming difficulty was based on substitute technologies for providing food, housing, and clothing for the family. She considers the creative role of traditional culture and its flexibility in the sphere of kitchen gardening and domestic livestock. The article notes the tendency of their restructuring in order to replace basic components of the traditional culture of life support and to consider them secondary. Multifunctionality and versatility now serve as the criterion for adaptive substitution. Attention is paid to the gender and age redistribution of work responsibilities in the rural family, associated with the historical experience of raising children and family traditions. At the end of the study, the author proposes that traditional culture be considered a factor in Russia’s victory in the Great Patriotic War, and that the survival of peasant society in the difficult conditions of the rear be appreciated as an integral part of the population’s achievement.

Russian Émigré Ethnographers in Beijing

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Амир Александрович Хисамутдинов ◽  
Виктор Нуриевич Незамутдинов
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Russian Research

Статья посвящена работе русских исследователей по изучению традиционной культуры Китая, которое началось в Пекинской духовной миссии и российском посольстве в Пекине и было продолжено русскими эмигрантами, оказавшимися в Китае в ходе Гражданской войны в России и после нее. Большой вклад в изучение этнографии Китая внес Иван Серебренников. Особенно важной является его работа, основанная на полевых исследованиях и интервью, об албазинцах, потомках русских первопроходцев. Очень многое в изучении Китая сделали русские дипломаты, служившие в российском посольстве в Пекине: Иван Коростовец, Яков Бранд, Николай Колесов и др. Этнографическими исследованиями в Китае, связанными часто с педагогической деятельностью, занимались и эмигранты из России: Сергей Широкогоров, Иван Гапанович, Сергей Полевой и др. Их многолетнее погружение в китайский язык и культуру создало благоприятные условия для исследований и принесло результаты в виде научных трудов, которые востребованы и сегодня. Они оказали влияние и на китайских деятелей науки и культуры, знакомя их с русскими методами исследований. К сожалению, до сего дня сохранилось не так много публикаций о традиционной культуре Китая, изданных на русском языке. Большое количество работ осталось в рукописях, которые хранятся в зарубежных собраниях, что делает их труднодоступными для российских исследователей. Основанная на материалах, выявленных в иностранных архивах и библиотеках, данная статья сообщает ранее неизвестные факты об изучении этнографии Китая русскими. This article is devoted to the work of Russian researchers on the traditional culture of China which began at the Beijing Theological Mission and the Russian Embassy in Beijing and was continued by Russian émigrés who ended up in China during and after the Civil War in Russia. Ivan Serebrennikov was one who made a great contribution to the study of the ethnography of China. Especially important is his work about the Albazinians, descendants of Russian pioneers, which was based on field research and interviews. Russian diplomats who served at the Russian Embassy in Beijing - Ivan Korostovets, Yakov Brand, Nikolai Kolesov and others - did a lot of research on China. Émigrés from Russia, often associated with pedagogical activity, also engaged in ethnographic rearch in China. These included: Sergei Shirokogorov, Ivan Gapanovich, Sergei Polevoy and others. They influenced Chinese cultural scientists, introducing them to Russian research methods. Their many years of immersion in Chinese language and culture produced valuable research that is still in demand today. Unfortunately, to this day there are not many works about the traditional culture of China published in Russian. A large number of works have remained in manuscript and are kept in foreign collections, which makes them difficult for Russian researchers to access. Based on material collected from foreign archives and libraries, this article reports on previously unknown material concerning the study of Chinese ethnography by Russians.

scholarly journals Philosophical meaning of the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers at Dawuhan village, Banyumas

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Astiana Ajeng Rahadini ◽  
Rahmat Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews

Traditional culture underlying a wide range of behavior and deeds of a society and gave birth to a variety of oral literature as well as myth. The myth that developed and still surviving in public life of Java among other myths related to pregnant and nursing mothers. This research is under a descriptively qualitative method supported by field research method along with un-depth interviews in Dawuhan village of Banyumas which is the village where the ancestors of Banyumas was buried. Through field observation and research method of interview to the trusted resource in Dawuhan village was obtained by results of research regarding the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers. This research finds some kinds of myths in relation to recommending and prohibition to perform an action that may harm the fetus, while the myth of breastfeeding mothers mostly prohibition and advice about foods that are consumed by the mother breastfeeding can harm the health of the baby.

scholarly journals AKTUALISASI NILAI PANCASILA DALAM ACARA ADAT SAMMILAN PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT MAGHO SEKAPPUNG LIBO

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eka Yuliastuti ◽  
Wahyu Abdul Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The People

Abstract: The problem examined in this research is the problem of the actualization of Pancasila values contained in the Sammilan traditional culture and its relevance to the values of local wisdom in the Batin Negara Village. This research belongs to the category of field research, and the approach used in this research is the sociological approach. Data collection techniques used were interview and documentation techniques. After conducting the research, it was concluded that the Sammilan traditional culture contains many positive values that can be applied in living the life of society and the state, the traditional culture of Sammilan is present in the midst of the people who are still very caring and caring for Indonesia in various aspects of life. In carrying out the traditional sammilan event is considered still in harmony and relevant to the values of Pancasila. The tolerance attitude of the people of Sekappung Libo is reflected if there are neighbors who are carrying out an adat event, they are not afraid without being asked to respect each other, help each other and help one another. Keywords: Actualization of Pancasila Values; Indigenous Sammilan

scholarly journals Repressive Policy of the Ussr Towards Certain Peoples in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (in Particular, the Bulgarians in the Urals)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Kamenskikh Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to studying Russian Bulgarians living in the Urals in the 1940s with the help of archive materials of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions as well as Perm Krai. During the Great Patriotic War the USS Rcitizens of Bulgarian origin, like many other peoples, were subject to repressions which meant enrollment in labour army and deporting every single Bulgarian of the Crimea. As a result of the semeasures, a significant number of Bulgarians were moved to the territory of the modern Urals. The deported Bulgarians settled in areas of logging (forest exploitation) in the north of Molotov and Sverdlovsk regions, and members of the labour army were employed in the trust organization «Chelyabmetallurgstroi». The Bulgarians were deported along with other peoples of the Crimea. They did not form compact settlement in the new areas but managed to preserve their traditional culture. Some families were even able to organize permanent lodging in the Urals, pursue a career and contribute to the development of the region. The author is convinced that the judicial legal documents kept in archives as well as field trip research results may serve as a significant but not sufficiently appreciated source of investigating the history of deporting Russian Bulgarians. The topicality of the sources grew after the year 2020 when the 75-years’ period of storing documents of the year 1945 expired. Autobiographies, biographic information, interrogation protocols enable to obtain a detailed reconstruction of deportation circumstances and the process of enrollment into labour army, and to see these events through the prism of the repressed people themselves. Researching the history of repression, inparticular – repression of the Bulgarians – has revealed how complex and controversial the policy of the soviet state towards certain peoples during the Great Patriotic War was.

Traditional Culture of the Life Support of Buryats: Genesis and Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Badmaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Cultural Genesis ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Policies And Practices

Th e monograph is the fi rst ethnohistorical study devoted to the analysis of the development of the culture of life support of the Buryats during the 18th–19th centuries. Th e work considers the formation of the traditional culture of life support of the Buryats in the context of ethnoand cultural genesis, examines its development in the fi rst half of the 19th century and describes the infl uence of sedentarization policies and practices on it, traces the ways and results of its transformation in the second half of the 19th century and identifi es trends in modernization. Th e book is addressed to ethnographers, historians, cultural scientists and anyone interested in the problems of Buryat culture.

Brief Report: A Case of Tramadol Overdose: Extracorporeal Life Support and Hemoperfusion as Life-Saving Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorenza Ferrari ◽  
Alessandro Carletti ◽  
Nicola Peroni ◽  
Silvia Mongodi ◽  
Pasquale Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Metabolic Encephalopathy ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Organ Failures ◽  
Severe Shock

We describe the case of a 49-year-old woman with a Tramadol intoxication associated with multiorgan failure. Veno-arterial femoro-femoral extracorporeal life support (VA-ECLS) and hemoperfusion (HP) were used as rescue treatments. The emergency medical service found a woman at home unconscious. Once in the hospital, she was intubated and catecholamines support was immediately started for a severe shock. Brain CT was normal, whereas EEG revealed a metabolic encephalopathy pattern. Toxic levels of Tramadol and Quetiapine were detected. VA-ECLS was implanted due to persistent multiorgan failure, and HP with a charcoal cartridge was set to increase the Tramadol clearance. To quantify the charcoal cartridge’s removal efficiency of Tramadol, Tramadol concentration was measured before and after the cartridge and before and after the treatment in the patient’s blood. The charcoal cartridge showed good extraction ratio during the treatment and no significant rebound effect. VA-ECLS and HP allowed the patient to be weaned from vasoconstrictors and the resolution of the organ failures. These treatments might be lifesaving in the Tramadol intoxication.

scholarly journals The Abdomen in “Thoracoabdominal” Cannot Be Ignored: Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Complicating Extracorporeal Life Support

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Lee ◽  
Bryan J. Wells ◽  
Rosaleen Chun ◽  
Chad G. Ball ◽  
Andrew. W. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Anoxic Injury ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Abdominal Compartment

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an incredible life-saving measure that is being used ever more frequently in the care of the critically ill. Management of these patients requires extreme vigilance on the part of the care providers in recognizing and addressing the complications and challenges that may arise. We present a case of overt abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in a previously well young male on ECLS with a history of trauma, submersion, hypothermia, and no intra-abdominal injuries. The patient developed ACS soon after ECLS was initiated which resulted in drastically compromised flow rates. Taking into account the patient’s critical status, an emergent laparotomy was performed in the intensive care unit which successfully resolved the ACS and restored ECLS flow. The patient had an unremarkable course following and was weaned off ECLS but unfortunately died from his original anoxic injury. This case highlights several salient points: first, care of patients on ECLS is challenging and multiple etiologies can affect our ability to manage these patients; second, intra-abdominal pressures should be monitored liberally in the critically ill, especially in patients on ECLS; third, protocols for emergent operative treatment outside of traditional operating rooms should be established and care providers should be prepared for these situations.

scholarly journals Medical Care at Mass Gatherings: Emergency Medical Services at Large-Scale Rave Events

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Krul ◽  
Björn Sanou ◽  
Eleonara L Swart ◽  
Armand R J Girbes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Mass Gatherings

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to develop comprehensive guidelines for medical care during mass gatherings based on the experience of providing medical support during rave parties.Methods: Study design was a prospective, observational study of self-referred patients who reported to First Aid Stations (FASs) during Dutch rave parties. All users of medical care were registered on an existing standard questionnaire. Health problems were categorized as medical, trauma, psychological, or miscellaneous. Severity was assessed based on the Emergency Severity Index. Qualified nurses, paramedics, and doctors conducted the study after training in the use of the study questionnaire. Total number of visitors was reported by type of event.Results: During the 2006–2010 study period, 7,089 persons presented to FASs for medical aid during rave parties. Most of the problems (91.1%) were categorized as medical or trauma, and classified as mild. The most common medical complaints were general unwell-being, nausea, dizziness, and vomiting. Contusions, strains and sprains, wounds, lacerations, and blisters were the most common traumas. A small portion (2.4%) of the emergency aid was classified as moderate (professional medical care required), including two cases (0.03%) that were considered life-threatening. Hospital admission occurred in 2.2% of the patients. Fewer than half of all patients presenting for aid were transported by ambulance. More than a quarter of all cases (27.4%) were related to recreational drugs.Conclusions: During a five-year field research period at rave dance parties, most presentations on-site for medical evaluation were for mild conditions. A medical team of six healthcare workers for every 10,000 rave party visitors is recommended. On-site medical staff should consist primarily of first aid providers, along with nurses who have event-specific training on advanced life support, event-specific injuries and incidents, health education related to self-care deficits, interventions for psychological distress, infection control, and disaster medicine. Protocols should be available for treating common injuries and other minor medical problems, and for registration, triage, environmental surveillance and catastrophe management and response.

scholarly journals Turismo de Base Comunitária: proposta para o resgate cultural da comunidade quilombola Alto Itacuruçá, Abaetetuba (PA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayara Vanessa de Souza Bezerra ◽  
Jonathan Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Rayanne Silva Nascimento ◽  
Vânia Lúcia Quadros Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Tourism Community

O Turismo de base comunitária tem se expandido pelo Brasil, devido ao incentivo à valorização da diversidade cultural, possibilitando aos municípios a exposição de suas atividades naturais e histórica assim como sua cultura tradicional, contribuindo diretamente na economia local. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetiva analisar o arcabouço cultural existente na comunidade Quilombola Alto Itacuruçá, ressaltando a inserção do turismo de base comunitária como uma alternativa para resgatar a memória cultural, haja vista a sua grande significância para a história do município de Abaetetuba (PA). Para tal se utilizará pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo, além de entrevistas com os moradores locais com intensão de compreender a etnicidade do espaço. Tais pesquisas subsidiarão a precursão da atividade turística na comunidade, atribuindo aos mesmos uma análise acadêmica da importância cultural que possuem, aliando a valorização e geração de opção de renda. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a cultura tradicional é bastante expressiva no cotidiano das pessoas mais antigas da comunidade, as quais receberam o conhecimento passado por gerações, como brincadeiras tradicionais, cantigas, agricultura familiar, artesanatos e carpintaria. Entretanto houve uma interrupção nessa propagação da cultura para a juventude decorrente da modernização. O Turismo de base comunitária pode vir como um aliado para o enaltecimento dos saberes tradicionais, ao propor oficinas de qualificação, cujos instrutores serão os próprios patriarcas da comunidade, além de rodas de conversa resgatando a memória das raízes tradicionais, evidenciando a relevância e potencialidade atrativa que possuem para o mercado turístico. Tourism Community-Based: a propose to the cultural rescue of the quilombola community Alto Itacuruçá, Abaetetuba (PA, Brazil) Tourism community-based enables more than inclusion of the autochthonous community, planning and management of tourism, the appreciation of cultural diversity, allowing municipalities the conscious use of its natural and historical attractions, as well as its traditional culture, contributing directly to the local economy. The aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of integration of community-based tourism in Quilombo Alto Itacuruçá (High Village Itacuruçá) community as an alternative to rescue the cultural memory, given its importance to the history of the city of Abaetetuba (PA, Brazil). Therefore, we conducted bibliographic and field research, with the information gathering tools and interviews with local residents. The results demonstrate that the local traditional culture is very expressive, being represented in the daily lives of older people in the community, which received the knowledge passed from generation to generation, which are cited as examples the traditional games, songs, family farming, crafts and carpentry. Also demonstrate that there was an interruption in this spread for today's youth as a result of the modernization. In conclusion, the community-based tourism appears as an ally to the enhancement of traditional knowledge, proposing qualification workshops, whose instructors are the community patriarchs themselves, and conversation circles rescuing the local memory, highlighting the relevance and Attractive potential of the community for the tourist market. KEYWORDS: Community-Based Tourism; Quilombo Alto Itacuruçá Community; Rescue of Cultural Memory.

scholarly journals The dynamics of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Vinokurova ◽  
◽  
G. V Ryvkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Russian and foreign ethnology of recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the study of culturally organized mobile practices of peoples, both nomads of the North and those leading a sedentary lifestyle, in the past and in modern life. Without them, knowledge about the cultural heritage of the people will be incomplete. In addition, history makes adjustments to the types of movements that inevitably affect the life of different social groups (including peoples). The above arguments show that mobile practices among different peoples need special research, in particular among the Karelians and their ethnic groups. The traditional culture of movement of which has many gaps in study and has never been studied comprehensively and in dynamics. Objective: identification of some types of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians and their dynamics based on the analysis of several in-depth biographical interviews on this topic, recorded from women born in the 1930s. Research materials: field audio materials of the authors. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time some types of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians for long and short distances, associated with economic and leisure activities, travel beliefs and rituals have been identified. It is concluded that during the twentieth century they underwent significant changes associated with collectivization, the fight against religion, the Great Patriotic War, the development of industrial production and urbanization

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