scholarly journals Mechanisms and possibilities for the emergence of extreme floods in arid zones (Tiznit plain - Morocco): ميكانزمات واحتمالات نشأة الفيضانات المتطرفة بالمناطق الجافة (سهل تزنيت - المغرب)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-1
Author(s):  
Farid El-Wahidi, Khanniba Abdelilah, Saidi Mohamed Elmehdi, Farid El-Wahidi, Khanniba Abdelilah, Saidi Mohamed Elmehdi,
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Extreme Hydrological Events ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Gamma Law ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

In Morocco, the dynamics of change in rainfall patterns have been underway for decades. It is characterized by increasingly frequent and violent hydrological and climatic events (floods and droughts). This work aims to study the peculiarities and mechanisms of the appearance of floods in the watershed of the Oudodou wadi (Province of Tiznit - southwestern Morocco) and conduct a frequency analysis of the extreme hydrological events associated with floods to estimate their probabilities and their return periods. In addition to the diagnosis of natural factors in the area studied and their relationship to the emergence of floods, the methodological approach adopted is divided into two stages. The first, known as historical, is based on the study of 8 flooding cases (1942 - 2014) and the delimitation of threatened areas through the representations of residents. The second step focused on analyzing the frequencies of extreme hydrological events to determine their severity and return periods. Analysis of the results showed that flood thresholds are always associated with the strength and concentration of rainfall, giving them a sudden behavior like summer floods. To guide the interventions of actors in the field, the areas threatened by flooding have been identified according to their degrees of severity. The recurrence of the flows was modeled using the GAMMA law which makes it possible to estimate the probability of occurrence of extreme events (floods) and the instantaneous flows corresponding to the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years. Biannual and five-year hydrological events correspond to instantaneous flows of 120 and 331 m3/s, while exceptional or even very exceptional cases have a return period of more than 50 and 100 years and correspond to instantaneous flows of 912 and 1035 m3/s.

An Information-theoretical Model for Breast Cancer Detection

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blokh ◽  
N. Zurgil ◽  
I. Stambler ◽  
E. Afrimzon ◽  
Y. Shafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Hamming Distance ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Two Stages

Summary Objectives: Formal diagnostic modeling is an important line of modern biological and medical research. The construction of a formal diagnostic model consists of two stages: first, the estimation of correlation between model parameters and the disease under consideration; and second, the construction of a diagnostic decision rule using these correlation estimates. A serious drawback of current diagnostic models is the absence of a unified mathematical methodological approach to implementing these two stages. The absence of aunified approach makesthe theoretical/biomedical substantiation of diagnostic rules difficult and reduces the efficacyofactual diagnostic model application. Methods: The present study constructs a formal model for breast cancer detection. The diagnostic model is based on information theory. Normalized mutual information is chosen as the measure of relevance between parameters and the patterns studied. The “nearest neighbor” rule is utilized for diagnosis, while the distance between elements is the weighted Hamming distance. The model concomitantly employs cellular fluorescence polarization as the quantitative input parameter and cell receptor expression as qualitative parameters. Results: Twenty-four healthy individuals and 34 patients (not including the subjects analyzed for the model construction) were tested by the model. Twenty-three healthy subjects and 34 patients were correctly diagnosed. Conclusions: The proposed diagnostic model is an open one,i.e.it can accommodate new additional parameters, which may increase its effectiveness.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS FORMULASI PESTISIDA NABATI PADA SIPUT SETENGAH TELANJANG Parmarion martensi (GASTROPODA: ARIOPHANTIDAE)

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sabina Sunarti Una ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Contact Poison

This study aims to determine the activity of plant-based pesticide formulations on martyred Parmarion semi-naked snails. The study conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, Sam Ratulangi Street, Ende Regency. The research was conducted from February to August 2019 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two stages of treatment. The first stage was testing the contact poison activity in 5 treatments namely P0 = Control, P1 = Dilution 1: 5, P2 = Dilution 1:10, P3 = Dilution 1:15, P4 = Pure extract. The second step is to test the stomach poison with five treatments namely R0 = Control, R1 = No immersion, R2 = Soak 10 minutes, R3 = Soak 20 minutes, R4 = Soak 30 minutes. All treatments are repeated five times so that they will get 25 units of experiments in every treatment. The results showed the concentration of vegetable pesticide extracts in contact poisons and stomach poisons the highest average mortality for contact poisons were found in P4 therapy with the highest mortality value of 68.00% and experienced the fastest death above 50.00% at 50.80 hours with single speed time is 0.55 hours. While the stomach poison in the R4 treatment is 66.66% with the time, the fastest mortality is above 50.00%, which is 55.40 hours with a speed of 0.57 hours per individual.

scholarly journals Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Mikoriza pada Tegakan Nyatoh (Palaquium sp.)

PERENNIAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kurnia Kurnia ◽  
Gusmiaty Gusmiaty ◽  
Siti Halimah Larekeng
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Two Stages

This research aimed to identify the mycorrhiza types that associated in roots and soil on  Palaquium sp. plant. This  research has implemented on December 2017 until February 2018. This research procedures made by two stages includes collecting soil and root samples on Palaquium sp plant on  Ko'mara Community Forest, Takalar District. Therefore, the second step is isolation, identification, and observing colonization of mycorrhiza spores in the Integrated Laboratory and Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The results showed types of spore that found were Glomus, Gigaspora and Acaulospora. Glomus spore has highest relative abundance in root samples whereas on soil samples were Glomus, Gigaspora, and Schleroderma with Glomus spores has highest relative abundance in. The colonization percentage on site was intermediate.

THE IRON BORIDE WEAR-RESISTANT LAYERS ON CONSTRUCTIONAL C45 STEEL, MODIFIED BY CHROMIUM AND THE LASER PROCESS

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Aleksandra PERTEK-OWSIANNA
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Constructional Steel ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Laser Modification ◽  
The Core ◽  
Frictional Wear ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Hardness Gradient

The paper presents the influence of diffusional boronizing, borochromizing processes, and laser modification on microstructure, microhardness, and frictional wear resistance of C45 constructional steel. The borochromizing process consists of two stages: first the boronizing was applied, and then chromizing was carried out as a second step. The boronizing was performed at 900°C for 4h, and then chromizing at 1020°C for 7h using the gas-contact method in powder containing amorphous boron and ferrochrome. Then, the boronized and borochromized layer was modified by remelting it using a TRUMPH CO2 2600W-power laser. The microstructure after diffusional boronizing and borochromizing consists of needle-like iron borides with a thickness of 80 μm and 100 μm and with a microhardness of 1400 HV0.1–1850 HV0.1. Three zones are formed after laser modification: the remelted zone MZ (eutectic mixture of borides and martensite) with a thickness of 100–120 μm, a martensitic heat affected zone (HAZ), and the core. The microhardness in the remelted zone is approx. 1200 HV0.1, as a result of which there appears a milder hardness gradient between the surface and the core. It was found that the frictional wear resistance of the boride layers modified by chromium and laser is higher than that of the layers after diffusional boronizing.

scholarly journals Flood Hazard Spatialization Applied to The City of Batna: A Methodological Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5748-5758
Author(s):  
N. Harkat ◽  
S. Chaouche ◽  
M. Bencherif
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The City

Flood flows can cause destruction to properties and infrastructure or even cost human lives. Batna is an Algerian city that is highly exposed to the risk of flooding, with an average of one flood every three to four years. The current methods utilized to analyze flood hazards are limited to the hydrology of the watershed. Limiting the analysis of flood hazards could mislead the decision-makers from proper management of such risks. The objective of the current study is to propose a simplified flood hazard model called HEC RAS-DTM (Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC RAS)-Digital Terrain Model (DTM)) and to evaluate it utilizing data gathered from the hydrological context and the hydraulic modeling of Batna city. The model entails two distinct phases. Initially, it attempts to use descriptive statistical methods based mainly on frequency analysis, which consists of studying flood flows in order to determine the probability of future flood occurrence. The analysis of the hydrological context of the city of Batna has revealed that peak flows from stream floods have been predicted at various return periods. Subsequently, HEC RAS was deployed to produce hydraulic modeling in order to extract the water heights and speeds corresponding to these expected flows. These data, along with DTM, are crucial for the spatialization of flood hazards. The hydraulic modeling and simulation using HEC-RAS and Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) of water flow at the two main valleys, Oued Batna and Oued El Gourzi, allowed predicting the extent of flooding that could occupy a large part of the city. The mapping of the flood hazard revealed the sectors that would be most exposed. The results obtained from the suggested model confirm that a significant portion of the city of Batna remains vulnerable to floods in relevance with the predicted flood return periods. The suggested model has indicated significant growth in flood locality. Additionally, the model was proved to be efficient for the analysis of flood flows, and it could easily substitute conventional analysis methods. Further studies or investigations are advised in order to replicate the study in different contexts. The article entails suggestions for properly managing flood risks. Future studies on flood risk alleviation in Batna city could be likewise considered.

scholarly journals Misconceptions in accounting education

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-960
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ay ◽  
Ümmü Altın
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Accounting Courses ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Demographic Features

The processes of change and development experienced in every field nowadays with globalization and rapid improving technology have also presented themselves in the field of education.  Changes in education have undoubtedly influenced accounting and accounting education. In order to complete and improve the deficiencies of accounting education, the misconceptions in accounting courses in accounting education should be determined and resolved. In this way, the quality of accounting education will be increased. The purpose of this practice is to investigate the existence of misconceptions in some concepts in accounting courses. A two-tier diagnostic test was developed to detect misconceptions. In this test, the first stepcoversthe demographic features. The second step consists of two stages for the detection of misconceptions; the first is made up of multiple choice and the second is open-ended 20 questions. The total of 112 4th year students of thedepartment of business administration Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences particapted in the present research. In the research, demographic features were analyzed in SPSS 24 package program and two-tier diagnostic test was used for misconception detection questions and the results were grouped. According to the findings of the research, students have misconceptions in some concepts. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Günümüzde küreselleşme ve hızlı gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte her alanda yaşanan gelişim ve değişim süreci eğitim alanında da kendisini göstermiştir. Eğitim alanında yaşanan değişim ve gelişimler şüphesiz muhasebe eğitimini de etkilemiştir. Muhasebe eğitiminin eksiklerinin tamamlanması ve geliştirilmesi için muhasebe eğitiminde yer alan muhasebe derslerinde oluşan kavram yanılgılarının tespit edilmesi ve giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sayede muhasebe eğitimi kalitesi arttırılmış olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı muhasebe derslerinde geçen bazı kavramlarda kavram yanılgısının varlığını araştırmaktır. Kavram yanılgılarını tespit etmek için iki aşamalı teşhis testi geliştirilmiştir. Bu testte ilk bölümü demografik özellikler oluşturmuştur. İkinci aşamada ise kavram yanılgılarının tespitine yönelik iki aşamalı, ilki çoktan seçmeli, ikincisi ise açık uçlu 20 adet sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme bölümü 4. sınıfta eğitim gören 112 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada demografik özellikler SPSS 24 paket programında analiz edilmiş, kavram yanılgı tespit soruları için ise iki aşamalı teşhis testi kullanılmış ve sonuçlar gruplandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin bazı kavramlarda, kavram yanılgıları olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Structural, Viscosimetric, And Rheological Study, of A New Trifunctional Phosphorus Epoxyde Prepolymer , Tri-Glycidyl Ether Tri-Mercaptoethanol Of Phosphore (TGETMEP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqa Bekhta ◽  
Rachid Hsissou ◽  
Mehdi El Bouchiti ◽  
Ahmed EL Harfi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Precursor Molecule ◽  
Rheological Study ◽  
Two Stages

The aim of our work is to synthesize a new phosphorus tri-functional epoxy resin tri-glycidyl ether tri-mercaptoethanol of phosphorus (TGETMEP) in two stages. In the first stage, we got the precursor molecule of the epoxy matrix tri-mercaptoethanol phosphate (METR). The second step led us to the synthesis of tri-functional resin TMEP condensation with epichlorohydrin. The standard TGETMEP resin was characterized by the Fourier infrared transformation (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), on one hand. The viscosimetric analysis was investigated by the Hebbelod capillary viscometer and rheometer Rheomat 01, on the other hand. The cross-linked resins and tertiary formulated composites have been studied by the rheometer 01 which was observed by means of SEM.

scholarly journals Hydrological hazards in Vhembe district in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Odiyo ◽  
Fhumulani I. Mathivha ◽  
Tinyiko R. Nkuna ◽  
Rachel Makungo
Keyword(s):  
Kendall Test ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Pearson Type ◽  
Standardised Precipitation Index ◽  
Hydrological Hazards ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Vhembe District

This study determined the risks associated with hydrological hazards and vulnerabilities to communities in Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo province. Risk and vulnerability contribute to poverty, loss of lives and property, environmental and infrastructural destruction, food insecurity and unavailability of water resources. Streamflow and rainfall data were analysed using Log-Pearson Type III distribution and Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), respectively, to identify return periods and probabilities of occurrence of floods and droughts. Mann–Kendall test was applied to identify trends of floods and droughts. Risk ratings were used to determine risks and vulnerabilities associated with floods and droughts. Standardised Precipitation Index analysis showed that a mild dryness condition dominated dry years in all stations with a range of 22.4% to 59.2% of the years falling within this category. Twenty-five per cent and 75% of rainfall stations depicted downward and upward trends, respectively. Equal number of streamflow stations depicted downward and upward trends. Results generally showed that flood events with return periods of 50, 100 and 200 years are mostly associated with significant and catastrophic consequence levels. This demonstrated high risk and vulnerability of the communities to these hazards. The findings of this study will aid in future planning and development of mitigation strategies associated with hydrological hazards.

Simulation of flood hydrographs in urban channels: a tool for urban planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Soares Fialho ◽  
Fernando Neves Lima ◽  
Ana Carolina Vasques Freitas ◽  
Roberto Cezar de Almeida Monte-Mor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Hydrological Events ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The City

Floods caused by extreme hydrological events and their consequences are one of the major challenges faced by local government authorities about urban planning. In this context, we studied the urban cross channel sections behaviour located in the Jatobá stream catchment, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Different precipitation scenarios were used as input parameters for the hydraulic simulation. For this purpose, the accumulated rainfall was disaggregated and a frequency analysis was performed to compute different duration times (from 10 to 120 minutes) and return periods (from 2 to 100 years). Then, hydrological and hydraulic simulations were carried out using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models, respectively. The results showed that the average time until the channel overflows was 58 minutes and the average duration time for the overflow was 28 minutes. The channel overflowed in 77.14% of the simulated scenarios. The simulations were carried out for different rainfall return periods and time duration to characterize extreme events for this catchment, aiding the decision- making process and assisting in the development of strategies to improve the drainage system.

scholarly journals Combination of Chemo- and Biocatalysis: Conversion of Biomethane to Methanol and Formic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Benny Kunkel ◽  
Dominik Seeburg ◽  
Tim Peppel ◽  
Matthias Stier ◽  
Sebastian Wohlrab
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Two Stages

In the present day, methanol is mainly produced from methane via reforming processes, but research focuses on alternative production routes. Herein, we present a chemo-/biocatalytic oxidation cascade as a novel process to currently available methods. Starting from synthetic biogas, in the first step methane was oxidized to formaldehyde over a mesoporous VOx/SBA-15 catalyst. In the second step, the produced formaldehyde was disproportionated enzymatically towards methanol and formic acid in equimolar ratio by formaldehyde dismutase (FDM) obtained from Pseudomonas putida. Two processing routes were demonstrated: (a) batch wise operation using free formaldehyde dismutase after accumulating formaldehyde from the first step and (b) continuous operation with immobilized enzymes. Remarkably, the chemo-/biocatalytic oxidation cascades generate methanol in much higher productivity compared to methane monooxygenase (MMO) which, however, directly converts methane. Moreover, production steps for the generation of formic acid were reduced from four to two stages.

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