REMEDIASI RESIDU INSEKTISIDA KLORPIRIFOS PADA PERTANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.) DI TANAH TEKSTUR RINGAN DAN TEKSTUR BERAT

Chlorpyrifos is widely used by farmers as a contact poison to control leaf and fruit pests in red chilies. Chlorpyrifos is very toxic to the environment and to living things, although it is easily degraded and has a short half-life. Remediation materials in the form of activated charcoal, biochar, and microbial consortium are effective remediation technologies to reduce insecticide residues. Each compound has different characteristics based on the type and texture of the soil. Research with the aim of determining the ability of remediation agents in reducing chlorpyrifos insecticide residues was carried out in the screen house of the Agricultural Environment Research Institute between May-November 2017. The results showed that the effectiveness of reducing chlorpyrifos residue in the soil was different according to its texture. Application of 2 l / ha of consortium microbes was effective in lowered chlorpyrifos residue in lightweight-texture soils, while biochar-coated urea was effective in reducing chlorpyrifos residues in weight-textured soils. Urea coated with activated charcoal showed relatively stable red chilli yields in the two types of soil textures.

PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG “KAJU BA’I” (Aglaia tomentosa) TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA NABATI PADA HAMA GUDANG KACANG HIJAU Callosobruschus sp (COLEOPTERA : BRUCHIDAE)

This study aims to the influence of soaking bark extract “Kaju Ba’i” (Aglaia tomentose) and its effectiveness as a botanical insecticide of the green beans warehouse pest Callosobruschus app. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture University of Flores, Ende, from September to October 2010. The research used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of K0 (control), K1 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed for one day), K2 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed for two days), K3 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed three two days), K4 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed for four days) each treatment was repeated 10 times. Observed variables included mortality, contact nerve toxins and anti-oviposition activity. The results showed that the treatment K4 possesses the highest level of effectiveness, and cause mortality as contact poison (99%), nerve toxins (2.7%) and anti-oviposition (75%).

EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK UMBI GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida) TERHADAP HAMA ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera llitura F.)

This research aims at revealing the effect of yam extract against Spodoptera litura pest, and some optimum concentration of yam tuber extract which causes the highest mortality of grayak caterpillar pest. The design used in this experiment is Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with treatment used is KO (distilled water), K1, K2, K3, K4. The observation variables in this research are contact poison, a nerve poison, stomach poison, and repellent. The result indicates that yam extract causes mortality in contact poison amounted to 30%, nerve poison amounted to 30%, stomach poison amounted to 30%, and repellent amounted to 23.85%.

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MBOA (Melastomata malabatricum) TERHADAP HAMA GUDANG Callosobruchus sp (COLEOPTERA:BRUCHIDAE) PADA KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiata L.)

Activity Test Extract Mboa Leaf (Melastomata Malabatrikum) against warehouse pest Callosobruchus Sp (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) Green bean (Phaseolus Radiata L.). Green beans are an important crop in the tropics and have long cultivated in Indonesia. Green bean production in quantity and quality is strongly influenced by the presence of pest and diseases. The damage caused by insects ensued can reach 70% (Kartasapoetra, 1987). Given the magnitude percentage damage inflicted by insects CallosobbrushusSp is a necessary control measure. This study aims to determine the activity of leaf extract Mboa (M. Mallabatricum) against warehouse pest Callosobruchus Sp. This study uses a CDR with four treatments (M25, M50, M75, M100) and repeated 10 times. The result showed extra activity Mboa leaves (M. Mallabatricum) against Callosobruchus Sp to test a contact poison can cause Callosobruchus Sp morality above 80% seen in the treatment of M50, M75, and M100 of 9.987%. repellant test showed a decrease traffic to continue successive treatment – participated in treatments M25 (61%), M50 (46%), M75 (43%), M100(34%) and mortality due to neurological disorders for M25 (7.34%), M50 (7.99%), M75 (8.54%), and M100 (9.21%). An antibody test can suppress high levels of oviposition in each treatment. M25 (31.21%), M50 (71.01%), M75(79.5%), and M100 (87.22%).

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG PULAI (Alstonia scolaris) TERHADAP HAMA Plutella xylostella

The aim of this study is to find out the effectiveness and concentration of Pulai stem extract (Alstoniascolaris) upon the pest of Plutellaxylostella. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of Flores University in Ende. A completely random design was employed with five treatments, namely J0 (aquades), J1 (75 ml of Pulai stem extract concentration), J2 (100ml of Pulai stem extract concentration), J3 (125ml of Pulai stem extract concentration), J4 (150ml of Pulai stem extract concentration).The result of study reveals that extract of PulaiAlstoniascolaris stem was influential to the development of Plutellaxylostella pest in contact poison of J0 7,50%, J1 60,00%, J2 67,50%, J3 67,50% and J4 80,00%, while for repellant activity of J0 80,00%, J1 57,50%, J2 22,50%, J3 15,00%, and J4 15,00%, for belly poison of J0 00,00%, J1 57,50%, J2 72,50%, J3 75,00% and J4 80,00%. Extract of Pulai stem is the right plant which is effective to highest mortality of Plutellaxylostellapest, belly poison on80,00% of J4 treatment, repellant activity on 15% of J4 treatment, and contact poison on 70% of J4 treatment.

Uji Efikasi Nanoinsektisida Komposisi Perak Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) terhadap Aedes aegypti

Vector control that used insecticides need to be substituted, because it has a negative impact for the environment and have been resistance for some areas, so it was necessary to find alternative insecticides. One of the natural insecticides was tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The chemical content of tobacco leaves included alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Nicotine was an alkaloid group compound in tobacco, thatwas a nerve poison that reacts quickly and can act as a contact poison in insects, to add the effectiveness it’s necessary change to nano particle with silver. Besides, this test used two solvents with different contains of mineral to compare the effectiveness. This study aimed to test effication of nanoinsecticide from formulation tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and silver particle for vector control of larvae Ae.aegypti. It was held at the Center for Research and Development of Disease Vector and Reservoir (B2P2VRP) with an experimental method. The results of the study showed 1,153 ppm LC50, 1,719 ppm LC90 and 1,925 ppm LC90 on solvent distilled water. LC50 of 1,641 ppm, LC90 of 10,741 ppm and LC90 of 18,295 ppm in solvent aquademineralization. Measurements of tobacco nanoinsecticides are known to be 89,2 – 112,0 run in aquadest and 89,2 -112,0 μm in aquademineralization solvents 79,0 – 143,7μm. Abstrak Pengendalian vektor menggunakan insektisida kimiawi perlu disubstisusi karena berdampak buruk pada lingkungan dan menyebabkan resistensi di beberapa daerah, sehingga perlu untuk mendapatkan insektisida alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu tanaman insektisida alam, adalah tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Kandungan kimia tembakau meliputi alkaloid, saponin, dan flavanoid. Nikotin termasuk senyawa alkaloid dalam tembakau merupakan racun syaraf dengan reaksi cepat serta dapat berfungsi sebagai racun kontak serangga. Namun, untuk menambah daya bunuhnya sebagai larvasida maka ukuran partikel alkaloid perlu dipecah contohnya dengan penambahan perak. Pemilihan perak sebagai pembentuk molekul nano, sedangkan pelarut yang digunakan yaitu akuades dan akuademineralisasi. Kedua pelarut yang digunakan merupakan pelarut standar yang mempunyai daya kelarutan tinggi dengan perbedaan kandungan mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk uji efikasi nanoinsektisida tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) yang diformulasikan dengan perak sebagai sarana pengendalian Aedes aegypti stadium pradewasa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) dengan metode eksperimental murni. Hasil penelitian didapatkan LC50 1,153 ppm, LC90 1,719 ppm pada pelarut akuademineraliasi dan LC90 1,925 ppm pada pelarut akuades. LC50 1,641 ppm, LC90 10,741 ppm dan LC90 18,295 ppm pada pelarut akuademineralisasi. Pengukuran partikel nanoinsektisida daun tembakau diketahui berukuran 89,2 - 112,0 nm pada pelarut akuades dan 89,2 -112,0 nm pada pelarut akuademineralisasi 79,0 - 143,7nm.

PENAMBAHAN DEKOMPOSER SEBAGAI BAHAN STIMULATOR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PESTISIDA NABATI

Addition of Decomposers as Stimulators for Increasing the Effectiveness of Vegetable Pesticides. This study aims to determine the increased effectiveness of plant-based pesticides added with several types of decomposers. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 5 treatments and 5 replications namely: FO: Control (water), F1: Plant pesticides without the addition of decomposers, F2: Vegetable pesticides + EM-4, F3: Vegetable Pesticides + Promi, F4 : Vegetable Pesticides + rice washing water. Observation variables consisted of mortality of contact poison, stomach poison, Lethal Time (LT 50%) and the speed of death as well as the attitudes and eating behavior of Parmarion martency. The results showed an increase in the effectiveness of plant-based pesticides that were significantly different from the control but not significantly different in each treatment where F3 treatment increased mortality by 0.05% (contact poison) from pesticide extracts without the addition of decomposers while the effectiveness of stomach poison only increased by 0, 14%. The fastest 50% lethal time in F3 treatment with 50% LT period was 48.4 hours with a mortality rate of 0.8 hours / individual in contact poison and 50% LT in stomach poison for 52.0 hours with a death rate of 0.6 hours /individual. Changes in behavior due to contact poisons are characterized by releasing grayish white fluid and then death is characterized by a rigid body that is easily reversed, and stomach poisoning behavior is characterized by experiencing less active, being in one place and dying in reverse.

The Activity of Nimba Leaves (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.) Extract Insecticide as Vegetative Pesticide on Rice Weevil (Sitophilus Oryzae L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The purpose of the research regarding The Activity of Nimba Leaves (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.) Extract as Vegetative Pesticide on Rice Weevil (Sitophilus Oryzae L.) is to identify the characteristics of contact poison, pesticide, and antifeedan from Nimba leaves extract on rice weevil (S. oryzae L.). The research is conducted in the biology laboratory Faculty of MIPA University of Udayana. The period of the research is from April to August 2017, using the complete random framework with 6 concentration tests (10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1000 ppm, 10000 ppm, 100000 ppm concentration, and control using methanol pro analysis (PA) solvent). Each test is repeated 4 times. The data is analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if there is a significant difference (P<0.05) it is followed by Duncan test to identify the difference between the different tests. The data is quantified using SPSS for windows release 12.5 the year 2003. The result indicates that the extract of Nimba leaves A. indica A. Juss. is behaving more as an antifeedan at an optimum concentration of 1000 pm during the observation 48 hours after the test. The crude extract of Nimba leaves at an optimum concentration of 1000 ppm and a maximum of 10000 ppm, during the observation 36 hours after the application, is leaning towards behaving as a contact poison to the S. oryzae L.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)

Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)

Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.