scholarly journals Flood Hazard Spatialization Applied to The City of Batna: A Methodological Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5748-5758
Author(s):  
N. Harkat ◽  
S. Chaouche ◽  
M. Bencherif
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The City

Flood flows can cause destruction to properties and infrastructure or even cost human lives. Batna is an Algerian city that is highly exposed to the risk of flooding, with an average of one flood every three to four years. The current methods utilized to analyze flood hazards are limited to the hydrology of the watershed. Limiting the analysis of flood hazards could mislead the decision-makers from proper management of such risks. The objective of the current study is to propose a simplified flood hazard model called HEC RAS-DTM (Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC RAS)-Digital Terrain Model (DTM)) and to evaluate it utilizing data gathered from the hydrological context and the hydraulic modeling of Batna city. The model entails two distinct phases. Initially, it attempts to use descriptive statistical methods based mainly on frequency analysis, which consists of studying flood flows in order to determine the probability of future flood occurrence. The analysis of the hydrological context of the city of Batna has revealed that peak flows from stream floods have been predicted at various return periods. Subsequently, HEC RAS was deployed to produce hydraulic modeling in order to extract the water heights and speeds corresponding to these expected flows. These data, along with DTM, are crucial for the spatialization of flood hazards. The hydraulic modeling and simulation using HEC-RAS and Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) of water flow at the two main valleys, Oued Batna and Oued El Gourzi, allowed predicting the extent of flooding that could occupy a large part of the city. The mapping of the flood hazard revealed the sectors that would be most exposed. The results obtained from the suggested model confirm that a significant portion of the city of Batna remains vulnerable to floods in relevance with the predicted flood return periods. The suggested model has indicated significant growth in flood locality. Additionally, the model was proved to be efficient for the analysis of flood flows, and it could easily substitute conventional analysis methods. Further studies or investigations are advised in order to replicate the study in different contexts. The article entails suggestions for properly managing flood risks. Future studies on flood risk alleviation in Batna city could be likewise considered.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Hydrological-Hydraulic Modeling of Urban Floods Using InfoWorks ICM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10259
Author(s):  
Lariyah Mohd Sidek ◽  
Aminah Shakirah Jaafar ◽  
Wan Hazdy Azad Wan Abdul Majid ◽  
Hidayah Basri ◽  
Mohammad Marufuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Infoworks Icm

Malaysia, being a tropical country located near the equatorial doldrums, experiences the annual occurrence of flood hazards due to monsoon rainfalls and urban development. In recent years, environmental policies in the country have shifted towards sustainable flood risk management. As part of the development of flood forecasting and warning systems, this study presented the urban flood simulation using InfoWorks ICM hydrological−hydraulic modeling of the Damansara catchment as a case study. The response of catchments to the rainfall was modeled using the probability distributed moisture (PDM) model due to its capability for large catchments with long-term runoff prediction. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) technique was used to obtain high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) data. The calibrated and validated model was first applied to investigate the effectiveness of the existing regional ponds on flood mitigation. For a 100-year flood, the extent of flooded areas decreased from 12.41 km2 to 3.61 km2 as a result of 64-ha ponds in the catchment, which is equivalent to a 71% reduction. The flood hazard maps were then generated based on several average recurrence intervals (ARIs) and uniform rainfall depths, and the results showed that both parameters had significant influences on the magnitude of flooding in terms of flood depth and extent. These findings are important for understanding urban flood vulnerability and resilience, which could help in sustainable management planning to deal with urban flooding issues.

scholarly journals Management of hazard of flooding in arid region urban agglomeration using HEC-RAS and GIS software: The case of the Bechar's city

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelghani Bekhira ◽  
Mohammed Habi ◽  
Boutkhil Morsli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gumbel Law ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Height

Abstract During the last few years, the City of Bechar in Algeria has witnessed some extreme events, such as the great flood of the year 2008 in which an exceptional amount of rain was recorded with a flow rate of 830 m3∙s−1 (hwater = 4 m, b = 200 m); similar flooding also occurred in 2012 and 2014. The problem is that most of the City of Bechar has an urban sprawl that extends to the banks of Wadi Bechar, which represents a huge risk for the lives of the inhabitants of the region. The present work aims to assess the flood risk through flood hazard mapping. This method consists in determining the flow rates for the return periods of 25 years (Q25 = 388.6 m3∙s−1, hwater = 3.5 m, b = 200 m, Sspot = 55.35 ha), 50 years (Q50 = 478.3 m3∙s−1, hwater = 5 m, b = 200 m, Sspot = 66.48 ha) and 100 years (Q100 = 567.3 m3∙s−1, hwater = 7 m, b = 200 m, Sspot = 133 ha). For this, it is necessary to adjust the flow rates using Gumbel law along with some computer supports such as HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS and ArcGis for mapping the event. Finally, this work enables us to determine the zones exposed to risk of flooding and to classify them according to the flood water height.

scholarly journals Mapping of GIS-Flood Hazard Using the Geomorphometric-Hazard Model: Case Study of the Al-Shamal Train Pathway in the City of Qurayyat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Ashraf Abdelkarim ◽  
Seham S. Al-Alola ◽  
Haya M. Alogayell ◽  
Soha A. Mohamed ◽  
Ibtesam I. Alkadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
High Flood ◽  
The City

Drainage basins in dry and semiarid environments are exposed to sudden, irregular flooding that poses a threat to urban areas and infrastructure. The associated risk is exacerbated by land use changes. Geomorphometric analyses of drainage basins based on geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for assessing conceptual flood hazards. Geomorphological data extracted from high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs) provide valuable information for modeling the geomorphic, surface classifications of the earth, and for flood hazard mapping. This study aimed to develop an integrative approach to the mapping of flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using GIS and hazard modeling for geomorphological ranking. Furthermore, we propose strategic solutions to provide mitigation and protection from negative impacts with the aim of improving the level of awareness of flood geomorphology. The hazard model of geomorphological ranking was used in mapping and calculating the degree of hazards using 24 geomorphometric criteria. These criteria were divided into formal criteria, terrain criteria, and criteria related to the drainage network. The results of the study revealed that the drainage sub-basins are exposed to flood hazards along the Al-Shamal train pathway in the city of Qurayyat. The very high flood hazard constituted 4228.3 km2, accounting for 70.3% and 65.7%, respectively, of the drainage basins of the wadis of Makhrouq and Bayer. The high flood hazard represented 61% (4712.4 km2) of the basin of the wadis of Sarmadaa. The medium flood hazard was concentrated in the drainage basin of the wadi of Hasidah, accounting for nearly 57.7% (1271.3 km2). The very low flood hazard was present in 46.5% of the drainage basin of the wadis of Hasidah Umm Nakhla, accounting for an area of 799.4 km2. The methodology applied in this study can be used in the estimation of flood hazards in different drainage basins throughout Saudi Arabia and in similar arid regions.

scholarly journals Flood Hazard Calculation by Using a Digital Terrain Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
Juraj Muzik ◽  
Anna Seidlova ◽  
Maria Kudelcikova ◽  
Cheynesh Kongar-Syuryun ◽  
Jan Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain

Abstract Due to the global warming and the high environmental burden to the country, the risk of flood hazards increases hand in hand with the climate changes. It is not the only hazard, but parts of this hazard may be eliminated by using flood barriers, flood defences, etc. There are anthropogenic possibilities of the flood barriers’ application, such as dams, bags, regulated riverbeds. There are also protections with natural elements that can used, namely water gardens, water stages, balanced vegetation planting. The strength, dimension and position may be calculated from the proper terrain data.

scholarly journals Modélisation hydraulique du système Sebou-Fouarat, ville de Kenitra, Maroc - Cas des inondations de 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Abdellah Bourak ◽  
Abdelbasset Midaoui ◽  
Abderrahim Lahrach ◽  
Abdelkarim Elarrim ◽  
Abdel-Ali Chaouni
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City

The city of Kenitra, located in the extreme downstream of the Sebou basin, is threatened by floods caused by the overflowing of the Oued Sebou and the rise of Oued Fouarat. The hydraulic modeling study of the Sebou Fouarat system in transient mode is carried out by the HEC-RAS software and has implicated the two rivers. Two geometric models were constructed on the basis of a digital terrain model (DTM) using the Arc-GIS and HECGeoRAS softwares after processing the collected topographic data. The first model, of which the areas of Merja Fouarat and Al Assam have been represented by cross-section, is one-dimensional. The second one is also onedimensional in which the two areas of Merja Fouarat and Al Assam are introduced as water storage zones. The components of these models are the stream sections, lateral links, storage areas and junctions between the branches of each model. The flood hydrographs of the Sebou and Fouarat rivers are introduced as conditions at the upstream limits of the models while the tidal is introduced as a downstream condition. After the stability and calibration of the models, the results of the consulted hydraulic simulations are the variations of the water levels as well as the temporal variations of the flow rates for each section, the maximum flow velocities and the propagation times of the flood waves. The analysis and comparisons of these results strongly suggest using the second model for the treatment of the flood issues as a decision-making tool helping to manage floods during times of crisis.

scholarly journals An integrated hydrological and hydraulic modelling approach for the flood risk assessment over Po river basin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Nogherotto ◽  
Adriano Fantini ◽  
Francesca Raffaele ◽  
Fabio Di Sante ◽  
Francesco Dottori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Po River ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Flood Prone Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard Maps

Abstract. Identification of flood prone areas is instrumental for a large number of applications, ranging from engineering to climate change studies, and provides essential information for planning effective emergency responses. In this work we describe an integrated hydrological and hydraulic modeling approach for the assessment of flood-prone areas in Italy and we present the first results obtained over the Po river (Northern Italy) at a resolution of 90 m. River discharges are obtained through the hydrological model CHyM driven by GRIPHO, a newly-developed high resolution hourly precipitation dataset. Runoff data is then used to obtain Synthetic Design Hydrographs (SDHs) for different return periods along the river network. Flood hydrographs are subsequently processed by a parallelized version of the CA2D hydraulic model to calculate the flow over an ad hoc re-shaped HydroSHEDS digital elevation model which includes information about the channel geometry. Modeled hydrographs and SDHs are compared with those obtained from observed data for a choice of gauging stations, showing an overall good performance of the CHyM model. The flood hazard maps for return periods of 50, 100, 500 are validated by comparison with the official flood hazard maps produced by the River Po Authority (Adbpo) and with the Joint Research Centre's (JRC) pan-European maps. The results show a good agreement with the available official national flood maps for high return periods. For lower return periods the results and less satisfactory but overall the application suggests strong potential of the proposed approach for future applications.

Conflictos por tomas de tierras y modos de intervención estatal: análisis de una experiencia del Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
General Context ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.

Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Vulnerability Mapping of Flood Hazard: A Case Study of Pune City

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Nitin Mundhe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
The Town

Floods are natural risk with a very high frequency, which causes to environmental, social, economic and human losses. The floods in the town happen mainly due to human made activities about the blockage of natural drainage, haphazard construction of roads, building, and high rainfall intensity. Detailed maps showing flood vulnerability areas are helpful in management of flood hazards. Therefore, present research focused on identifying flood vulnerability zones in the Pune City using multi-criteria decision-making approach in Geographical Information System (GIS) and inputs from remotely sensed imageries. Other input data considered for preparing base maps are census details, City maps, and fieldworks. The Pune City classified in to four flood vulnerability classes essential for flood risk management. About 5 per cent area shows high vulnerability for floods in localities namely Wakdewadi, some part of the Shivajinagar, Sangamwadi, Aundh, and Baner with high risk.

scholarly journals New Mobility Paradigm and Indigenous Construction of Places: Physical and Symbolic Mobility of Aymara Groups in the Urbanization Process, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4382
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Salazar ◽  
Paloma González
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physical Movement ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Geographical Elements ◽  
Construction Of Place ◽  
The City

In the current global scenario, in which mobility has been strongly impacted, it is relevant to highlight certain mobility experiences of Indigenous Latin American peoples, in which new cultural and geographical elements justify revisiting this phenomenon. In this context, the mobility of the Aymara ethnic group offers an opportunity for such a second look. Although the subject has been approached from the perspectives of internal migration processes and physical movement, as in other Latin American cases, studies have omitted some important aspects for its analysis, such as the practices, meanings, and political implications associated with mobility. Based on the new mobility paradigm, this article seeks to strengthen the perspective on mobility by researching rural-urban mobility practices and their meaning regarding the experiences of Aymara people who migrated from the rural municipality of Putre to settle in the city of Arica from the 1950s. At the same time, it is shown that these Aymara mobility practices imply spatiotemporal dynamics that are key for the construction of place, and allow for a widening of base elements that should be considered in the new mobility paradigm. This research is based on five years of ethnography, including mobile accompaniment and semi-structured interviews. This methodological approach has allowed researchers to explore how elements related to physical and symbolic mobility have constantly constructed relational spaces within the Arica and Parinacota region over time. This shows that mobility does not only refer to physical movement, but to politics, emotions, culture, and memory as well. From these results, the article examines and discusses key elements related to physical and symbolic mobility, and their implications in political and intercultural terms.

Mitigation of road traffic crash hazard in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-585
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masood Rafi ◽  
Ashar Hashmat Lodi ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

Purpose – Road traffic crashes (RTCs) result in creating significant social and economic hazard for affectees, their families and society. The purpose of this paper is to present studies which were conducted to study the patterns of RTCs in Karachi which is a metropolitan city of Pakistan. The studies were conducted on one of the busiest roads in the city named as Shara-e-Faisal. The influence and contribution of different factors in RTCs has been studied and hazardous road sections of Shara-e-Faisal have been identified. Based on the data analysis, an evaluation model has been suggested to reduce the hazard of RTCs on Shara-e-Faisal. The objective of the presented studies is to increase the present level of safety of road travel by reducing crashes on Shara-e-Faisal. Design/methodology/approach – Existing data of RTCs in Karachi have been analysed for the presented studies. For this purpose, Shara-e-Faisal was divided in sections of 1 km length to study the vehicle crash pattern. Location surveys were conducted to record physical conditions of this road. A cluster analysis was carried out to identify hazardous sections of the road. An evaluation model has been suggested in the end to reduce the hazard of RTCs by identifying hazardous road sections of Shara-e-Faisal. Findings – The analysis of the data revealed that the crashes were higher over weekend and on Monday. Male population, particularly young people, and motorcycle riders were the largest affectees of RTCs. In general, more daytime crashes were recorded as compared to nighttime crashes. The crashes in the mid block of the road and those involving rear-end collisions were higher. The hazardous road locations were related to poor road conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that alternate routes were required to reduce the RTC hazard on Shara-e-Faisal. Research limitations/implications – The paper is a small, but an original, contribution to identify a potential hazard which is faced by the community in the city. This is the first attempt (to the best of authors’ knowledge) to address the issue of RTCs in Karachi from an engineering view point. Practical implications – The suggested model can be employed by the authorities as a guideline to mitigate the hazard of road crashes in the country. Originality/value – The paper provides valuable information on the road traffic incidents, their pattern and contributing factors in one of the largest metropolis of Pakistan. The suggested model can become helpful in reducing RTCs in Pakistan.

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