scholarly journals Farmers' Awareness of Agricultural Environmental Risks in Kalabshaw and Zayan Area in Dakahlia Governorate: وعي الزراع بالمخاطر البيئية الزراعية بمنطقة قلابشو وزيان بمحافظة الدقهلية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-44
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Abou- Elnaga, Aml Mohamed Gomaa, Hamdi Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Abou- Elnaga, Aml Mohamed Gomaa, Hamdi Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Awareness Level

The research aimed to determine the level of farmers’ awareness about of agricultural environmental risks in new reclamation land association's in kalabshaw and zayan region, in dakahlia governorate by determining the level of farmers' awareness of causes of spread of agricultural environmental risks, as well as their awareness level of damage which caused by it, In addition to identify their awareness of spread rate agricultural environmental risks, and resulting damage from it, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges available to farmers to confront agricultural environmental risks in search area. The research was conducted on 337 farmers who were selected randomly and systematically from farmers of new reclamation landassociation's in kalabshaw and zayan region. Data were collected by using a questionnaire, pretest was done until it became valid for collected data during March and April 2021.  Morgan and Krejcie equation had been used to determine the sample size. Frequencies, percentages, rang, mean, standard deviation were used to present and analysis study data. The main results are as follows 1- More than two- fifths of farmers 42.4 % Their awareness level of reasons agricultural environmental risks spread was high.. 2- Two- fifths of farmers 40.7 % Their awareness level of awareness of damage which caused by agricultural environmental risks was high. 3- Two- fifths of farmers 40.4 % Their awareness level of diffusion rate agricultural environmental risks spread was high. 4- More than one- third of farmers 38.3 % Their awareness level of extent damage caused agricultural environmental risks spread was high 5- The most important aspects of strengths of farmers to face agricultural environmental risks were: Be careful to adjust dates of cultvited some crops, especially vegetables, to reduce sides effects of climate change 89%. 6- The most important aspects of weaknesses of farmers to face agricultural environmental risks were: Climate changes led to decrease productivity of some crops and increase food prices by 88.4%. 7- The most important aspects of opportunities of farmers to face agricultural environmental risks were: attuide towards to contract farming to prevent the exploitation of traders 89%. 8- The most important aspects of the challenges faced of farmers to face agricultural environmental risks were: The difficult economic conditions such as rise in land rent and rise prices of production requirements by 90.5%.

scholarly journals Factors impeding the adoption of weed management practices in four cropping systems of the Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Khalid Mehmood Ch. ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Asif Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
Awareness Level

This study was conducted in district Gujranwala with the major objective to identify factors impeding the awareness level and adoption of weed management practices among the farmers from Rice-Wheat, Rice-Potato, Rice-Maize and Rice-Peas cropping systems. Total 356 farmers, selected through the proportionate sampling technique from four cropping systems participated in the study. Data were collected through a structured and validated questionnaire through a face-to-face interview technique and analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that, inadequate resources, knowledge and limited exposure to the information sources were the factors influencing the awareness level among farmers across the four cropping systems Shortage of finance, high cost of inputs, high cost of diesel and possession of inadequate knowledge were the barriers impeding adoption level. This study suggests that, in order to create awareness and foster the adoption of recommended weed management technologies to further curb the yield losses, the Extension Field Staff should strive to build technical knowledge among farmers through diversified teaching activities. The Integration of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) could help EFS to meet farmers information needs. Furthermore, public-private partnership is also recommended especially for the effective weeds’ management on farm level.

scholarly journals The Principles of Sustainable Development and the Possibilities of Limiting the Global Effects of Smog by Medium-sized Cities Located in the European Union on the Example of Mikołów (Poland) and Żylina (Slovakia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Michał Czuba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World

The urban smog has negative global effects. They are expressed in the increased mortality of people, an increase scale of respiratory diseases as well as climate changes causing negative effects in the field of agricultural crops, which results in an increase in food prices. The occurrence of these phenomena mobilizes the global community to conduct activities aimed at limiting their occurrence. Medium-sized cities can play a significant role in this respect. The element conditioning the life of city dwellers is the appropriate condition of the natural environment. In Polish and Slovak conditions, smog is becoming a problem, which negatively affects the health of citizens of these countries. Therefore, actions are taken to limit the occurrence of this phenomenon. They are described in the current ecological policy of both countries. This article tries to show on the example of the Polish commune of Mikołów and the Slovak commune of Żylina the actions taken in them to reduce air pollution and thereby reduce the phenomenon of smog. In both analysed cities, measures taken to reduce the phenomenon of smog are implemented in a planned manner and may be an inspiration for other medium-sized cities in the world having air quality problems

scholarly journals Impact of a Contract Farming Scheme on Income, Food Security, and Nutrition among Maize Farmers in North Western, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hussaini Yusuf ◽  
Garba Sakinatu Umar ◽  
Wahab Munir Jamiu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Background: The study examined the impact of a contract farming scheme on the farmers’ income, food security, and nutrition. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well the Propensity Score Matching technique. Results: The major determinants of participation in contract farming included commercialization index, distance from the collection center, and total labor available in the household. The average treatment effect on the treated, the average effect of the treatment, and the average treatment on the untreated shows that contract farming will enhance the income from Maize production by ₦50234.8 ($131.79)/hectare, ₦37170.8 ($97.53)/hectare, and ₦28809.8 ($75.59)/hectare respectively. Conclusion: Contract farming participation can affect farming households negatively if food security concerns are not considered into the contract farming agreements.

Food Prices and Food Price Volatility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
Terms Of Trade Volatility ◽  
Trade Volatility

This chapter examines food prices from 1900 to 2015. Despite growing populations, rising incomes, new technologies, globalization, and the emergence of commodities as an asset class, no trends are evident in food price levels or volatility. Still, food prices have averaged higher since 2010, harming the poor and raising fears that agricultural productivity growth has slowed. Consistently since 1900, food prices have been more volatile than the prices of manufactured goods and most other commodity groups. This relation drives terms-of-trade volatility, which slows economic growth. At the farm level, price volatility impedes investment and technology adoption, and encourages low-income livelihood strategies. Past policies to manage food prices have not worked and governments have shifted to policies aimed at mitigating the consequences of high and volatile food prices. Extending the reach of risk markets, warehouse receipt systems, index insurance, and contract farming can be useful policy components.

scholarly journals Latrine coverage and associated factors among urban communities found in Ambo town, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikresilasie Samuel ◽  
Assalif Demissew ◽  
Yonas Alem ◽  
Yonas Hailesilassie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Awareness Level

Abstract Background Latrine is one of many emergency responses essential for people’s dignity, safety, health and well-beings. It is a major priority, and the coverage needs to be addressed with as much speed and effort as possible. This study finds out the latrine coverage and associated risk factors in Ambo town, Ethiopia. Methods A survey was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016 among the community found in Ambo town. About 321 households were recruited in the study. Data on latrine coverage and associated risk factors like socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral and environmental factors were collected using pretested questionnaire. Risk factors related to latrine coverage were tested to determine the potential of these factors to limit latrine availability in Ambo town. Results This study results showed that 265(82.3%) of subjects had a latrine. Among these majority of latrines 194(60.2%) were traditional pit latrines. About 123 (38.2%) of latrines found in this study, had a hand washing facility whereas, 142 (44.1%) had not these facilities. Factors like: religion, family size, and educational level of respondents were significantly associated with availability of latrines (P < 0.05). Conclusions Based on this study finding, the latrine coverage in ambo town is very good though the coverage of improved latrines still needs attention at all level of stakeholders. Most of latrines were traditional pit latrines. Enhancing the awareness level of the community about sanitation and its benefit would facilitate the coverage and the quality of latrines.

scholarly journals Latrine coverage and associated factors among urban communities found in Ambo town, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikresilasie Samuel ◽  
Assalif Demissew ◽  
Yonas Alem ◽  
Yonas Hailesilassie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Awareness Level

Abstract Background: Latrine is one of many emergency responses essential for people’s dignity, safety, health and well-beings. It is a major priority, and the coverage needs to be addressed with as much speed and effort as possible. This study is intended to find out the latrine coverage and associated risk factors which hinders the coverage in Ambo town, Ethiopia.Methods: A survey was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016 among the community found in Ambo town. About 321 households were recruited in the study. Data on latrine coverage and associated risk factors like socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral and environmental factors were collected using pretested questionnaire. Risk factors related to latrine coverage were tested to determine the potential of these factors to limit latrine availability in Ambo town.Results: This study results showed that 265(82.3%) of subjects had a latrine. Among these majority of latrines 194(60.2%) were traditional pit latrines. About 123 (38.2%) of latrines found in this study, had a hand washing facility whereas, 142 (44.1%) had not these facilities. Factors like: religion, family size, and educational level of respondents were significantly associated with availability of latrines (P<0.05).Conclusions: Based on this study finding, the latrine coverage in ambo town is very good though the coverage of improved latrines still needs attention at all level of stakeholders. Most of latrines were traditional pit latrines. Enhancing the awareness level of the community about sanitation and its benefit would facilitate the coverage and the quality of latrines.

Violence, Conflict, and Societal Disruption

Heat Advisory ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Societal Collapse ◽  
The Us ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Africa Rising

Diverse studies of traffic, baseball, crime-temperature relationships, and others, support the hypothesis that heat breeds violence at a time when, in the US, violent crime is on the wane. Droughts and deluges lead to environmental insecurity by many mechanisms as reflected in an examination of social conflicts in Africa. Rising food prices also foster riots. Climate change is an important factor that has led to societal collapse. Other weather and climate changes, such as those associated with El Niño, are also linked to societal disruption. These relationships have contributed to the current violence in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Food Price Volatility and Households’ Welfare in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim ◽  
Nto Philips Okore ◽  
Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh ◽  
Agwu Nnanna Mba
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

One of the most important economic factors in food choice is the price. Food dynamics' value is a subject of controversies and opinions, especially price issues, and sensitivity is often peculiar to seasons and market forces. Price dynamics have the potential to introduce and change consumptions, thus affecting household welfare. This study examined the dynamics of food price volatility and households' welfare in Nigeria from 1990: Q1 to 2019: Q4. We sourced the study data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank (WB). We estimated the quadratic trend equation, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH), and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models. Food prices and depth of food deficit had a significant short-run impact on the households' welfare. Policymakers should focus on the short-term benefits while formulating policies aimed at households' welfare because policies aimed at the household level are impactful in the short-run compared to the long-run.

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