scholarly journals The Impact of Europe's Individualism/Collectivism on the International Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Aurelia Ilieș ◽  
R. M. Ammar Zahid
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

If we are to choose between two distinct statements, that the interest of the group prevails over the interest of the individual for the majority of people and that a minority of people in our world live in societies in which the interests of the individual prevail over the interests of the group, we can conclude, as Hofstede did, that there are two categories in which nations can fit: individualists and collectivists. The purpose of our study is to investigate the impact of this cultural dimension on the international trade of the European countries. Panel regression model with country fixed effects has been applied to the 21 years’ data (1997-2017. Based on prior studies conducted by Inglehart, the analysis of the World Values Survey, the cross-national values databases of Schwartz, Hofstede, Triandis, GLOBE, and Trompenaars, we proxied the individualism with three variables, i.e labor productivity index, higher education rate, and urban population growth rate. The findings of previous studies suggest that individualism has significant positive relationship with the imports and exports of Eastern European Countries, notably, Poland, Lithuania and Romania. Concurs with previous studies, our results show there is a significant positive relationship between individualism and international trade (both imports and exports).

Examining the Impact of Risk Tolerance and Risk Aversion on the Individual Financial Performance in the Kingdom of Bahrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Habil Slade Ogalo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

With growing tougher economic conditions, everyone is struggling to safeguard their financial assets and invest them carefully. However, there are certain unavoidable risk factors that every person should be aware of since they have a potential to influence individual`s financial stability. With this notion, the present study attempted to investigate how individual financial performance can be managed and enhanced. Therein, the study attempted to examine the role of risk tolerance and risk aversion factors in an individual towards its financial performance. Through sampling 450 white collar working professionals from retail and financial sectors in the kingdom of Bahrain, the present study found a significant positive relationship between risk tolerance and individual financial performance. Accordingly, the study also reported a significant positive relationship between risk aversion and financial performance. The study has contributed towards a very important topic particularly in an emerging economy like Bahrain. The study forwards implications for practice and scope for future studies based on the findings.

scholarly journals VLIV PŘÍMÝCH ZAHRANIČNÍCH INVESTIC NA DODAVATELSKÉ VZTAHY A POSTAVENÍ DOMÁCÍCH VÝROBCŮ MEZIPRODUKTŮ

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hanousek ◽  
Evžen Kočenda ◽  
Pavla Vozárová
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Positive Shock ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we analyze the extent of the impact of FDI on the host economy according to theoretical predictions. Within a broader context of international trade flows, we focus on inter-industry interactions between a multinational enterprise (MNE) that enters the domestic market and other firms in the economy. We seek to determine if the MNE uses domestic suppliers of intermediate goods or if it purchases its supplies from abroad or from other MNEs entering the downstream sector. Our analysis covers both Western and Eastern European countries over the period 2001–2007. Our results show that FDI increases the demand for intermediary goods. However, domestic producers of these goods can benefit only partially from this positive shock, since they are at the same time crowded-out by MNEs entering the upstream sector as well as by importers.

scholarly journals Human Capital in Digital Economy: An Empirical Analysis of Central and Eastern European Countries from the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Adriana Grigorescu ◽  
Elena Pelinescu ◽  
Amalia Elena Ion ◽  
Monica Florica Dutcas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technology Talent ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The hypercompetitive global economy of the 21st century is a hub of innovation, technology, talent, skills, speed, efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction. Within this context, the organizations are looking intensely for people with skills and talents that can differentiate themselves in all that noise. The human capital became slowly but surely a mean of efficiency and growth, especially through the premises of digitization, and a key issue of sustainability. The current research is meant to identify and highlight any correlations that might appear between the population’s welfare of 11 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) which are members of the European Union (EU), and the components of the digitization trend, including the new human cloud industry, ICT, and the connectivity to the Internet of Things. In order to achieve the needed insights, the multiple regression analysis was employed, and the latter tested the panel models with fixed effects, both from a temporal and country perspective. The results showcased a positive connection between the dependent and independent variables, confirming that the digitization of the economy and the developed human capital will ultimately lead to the increase of population’s welfare. Moreover, the findings are consistent with specific insights for each of the 11 CEECs, showing that digitization and the influence of human capital is differentiated across the latter in terms of their overall effect and amplitude. The research is limited by the timeframe and countries included in the study, and it can be furthered by determining the impact of digitization on the economies of the EU28 countries grouped by level of development, and by using other significant indicators for analysis.

scholarly journals Does Economic Integration Process Matter for Income Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries?

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Economic integration can be defined as the expansion of markets from the national to the regional or to the world level. Therefore, two channels of market integration can be determined: regional integration, for instance, within the EU, and globalization. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the economic integration process on differences in income among and within Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). The hypotheses on 1) the economic integration relevance and 2) the mechanisms through economic integration affecting income inequality are tested with data on 10 CEECs (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania) for the 2000-2006 period. An unbalanced panel induces to estimate Random-effects regressions and fixed-effects regressions. The results show that globalization contributed significantly to income inequality among CEECs as well as to the upward trend in income inequality within the societies of these countries, while regional integration with and within the EU did not explain considerably the changes in income distribution over the study period.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Business Strategy Implementation of Vietnam Garment Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Hoang Viet Nguyen ◽  
Duc Nhuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the impact of factors affecting on business strategy implementation of Vietnam garment companies. A total of 192 questionnaires were administered to respondents chosen from 82 Vietnam garment companies. The findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between 05 factors: Strategy formulation-Human resources-Communication-Corporate culture-Organizational structure and business strategy implementation from the sample point of view.

scholarly journals Macro level analysis of factors contributing to value added: technological changes in European countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Larysa Antoniuk ◽  
Nataliia Cherkas
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Currency Depreciation ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Eastern European Countries

In conditions of globalization and rapidly growing production fragmentation, generation of value added becomes an ultimate goal and a measure of economic performance. The study provides an analysis of factors contributing to value added at macro level in different European countries. The analysis includes a panel framework covering 27 European countries over the period 2006–2015. In order to investigate the differences across regions, three subsamples are considered, namely, developed economies, PIIGS (Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain) and Central-Eastern European Countries (CEEC). Pooled OLS, fixed effects and random effects models are used. The results indicate that increase of value added corresponds to budget discipline, quality of human capital improvement, strong currency and transparent institutions. It could be expected that currency depreciation improves performance of the value added of exported final goods. However, the results show the opposite evidence: currency depreciation causes the value added decrease in all groups. Thus, for transitional countries, it is im¬portant not only to join global production chains, but also to acquire a significant share in generation of value added in these chains based on technological changes.

scholarly journals The impact of public research expenditure on agricultural productivity: evidence from developed European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Alessandro Magrini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Expenditure

The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of public research expenditure on agricultural productivity in developed European countries. Our research provides original evidence, making possible a comparison with existing studies focused on United States of America (USA). We apply a fixed effects Gamma distributed-lag model to yearly data in 1970-2016 sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In our results, public research expenditure has a significant impact on agricultural productivity up to 35 years, with peak at 17 years and long-term elasticity equal to 0.172. Based on our model, the countries with the highest internal rate of return of agricultural research expenditure resulted Germany, Spain, France and Italy (24.5-25.2%), followed by Netherlands, United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece, Belgium and Luxembourg (20.5-21.8%). However, only Germany, Denmark and Greece increased agricultural research expenditure in recent years. The estimated internal rates of return are in line with the ones reported by existing studies on USA, and they suggest that developed European countries, just like USA, could benefit from research investments in Agriculture to a much greater extent than they currently do.

scholarly journals Patterns of Interrelationships between Inflation, R&D, Innovation, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Ljubivoje Radonjić ◽  
◽  
Nevena Veselinović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The primary objective of the article is to examine the nexus between inflation, R&D, patents, and economic growth within a group of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). The examination is conducted in two parts. First, the impact of total R&D expenditures on economic growth is observed, as well as the influence of growth on private and public R&D investments. Second, the conversion from private and public R&D investment to innovation, measured by the number of patents, is observed. Throughout the analysis, economic growth and inflation are representative of macroeconomic stability. The outcomes of the panel auto-regressive distributed lag estimation indicate that total R&D expenditures are essential and positively significant for economic growth in the observed countries. The results also show that output growth has a remarkably positive impact on generating private R&D expenditures. Such an influence is also found, but at a weaker level, in the case of public R&D expenditures. In this part of the analysis, inflation has demonstrated a harmful influence on R&D expenditures. The results of the second part indicate that public and private R&D expenditures, at a significant level, generate innovation activities, while the impact of inflation has proven to be unimportant.

scholarly journals Mining, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries: What Do the Data Tell Us?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the effect of mining on both poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) using econometric estimation methods with panel data spanning from 2009 to 2019. Another objective of this paper was to determine if the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development reduced poverty and or income inequality in CEECs. What triggered the study is the failure of the existing literature to have a common ground regarding the impact of mining on poverty and or income inequality. The existing literature on the subject matter is contradictory, mixed, and divergent; hence, it paves the way for further empirical tests. The study confirmed that the vicious cycle of poverty is relevant in CEECs. According to the dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM), mining had a significant poverty reduction influence in CEECs. The dynamic GMM and random effects revealed that the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development also enhanced poverty reduction in CEECs. Random effects and pooled OLS shows that mining significantly reduced income inequality in CEECs. However, random effects and the dynamic GMM results indicate that income inequality was significantly reduced by the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development. The authorities in CEECs are therefore urged to implement mining growth and infrastructural development-oriented policies in order to successfully fight off the twin challenges of poverty and income inequality.

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