scholarly journals Global Challenges of Social Policy on the Example of the Labor Market: The Experience of Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
G. Jussupova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Political Economic

The processes of globalization affect many economic and social processes, and the labor market is no exception. The situation in the labor market is always the center of attention for the state, business, and society as a whole. It determines the economic development of the country, social policy, the competitiveness of enterprises, and human capital. This article discusses global challenges such as the fourth industrial revolution, the digital transformation of society and industry, migration processes and informal employment, the problems of identifying social status for the population, and the system of accounting for social benefits. Because the labor market is experiencing the strongest impact of political, economic, social, and demographic processes, it has its own characteristics in each country, and this article discusses the internal problems of the Kazakhstan labor market. In addition, the article provides suggestions for improving social policy issues, employment through the automation of social processes and services, the digitalization of the public and private sectors, and the creation and development of information infrastructure of the labor market.

scholarly journals The Public and Private Lives of Mennonite Kolkhoz Chairmen in the Khortytsia and Molochansk German National Raĭony in Ukraine (1928-1934)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin P. Neufeldt
Keyword(s):  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic

This article examines the role that Mennonites played in the establishment and management of kolkhozy in the two largest Mennonite settlements (Khortytsia and Molochansk) in Soviet Ukraine during dekulakization and collectivization (1928-1934).  More specifically, it investigates the social and ethnic criteria used in selecting Mennonites to be kolkhoz chairmen; the duties and daily routines of chairmen; the conflicted relationships that chairmen had with local authorities and kolkhoz members; the numerous challenges that chairmen encountered during the 1932-33 famines; and the mechanisms that local authorities and kolkhoz members used to control, embarrass, and discipline chairmen.  It also discusses the negative repercussions that the rise of Nazi Germany had for Mennonite chairmen, and how political, economic, agricultural, social, and ethnic policies and conditions made it impossible for Mennonite chairmen to succeed.

Public–Private Wage Disparities, Employment, and Labor Market Segmentation in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Bouassida ◽  
Abdel-Rahmen El Lahga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Wage Disparities

The dysfunction of the Tunisian labor market is exacerbated particularly by the segmentation between public and private sector employment. These different segments differ in terms of returns to human capital, social protection and mobility, affecting career development and the wage structure in the economy. In this chapter, we present the patterns of wage distribution in Tunisia across important socioeconomic groups and a detailed analysis of the wage gap between public and private sectors. Our results show particularly that while in the bottom sector of the wage distribution the positive wage gap between public and private sectors is mainly attributable to the composition or characteristics of workers, the wage gap in the upper sector of the distribution is due to returns to characteristics effect. The public-sector wage premium explains the strong preference in public positions.

From the industrial revolution to Trump

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gould ◽  
Michael J. Bourk ◽  
Jean-Etienne Joullié
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Business History ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
The Moment

Purpose This paper takes a long-term view of how the US public and private sectors have been viewed in relation to each other. It notes that since the time of approximately the Nixon Administration, each sector has not been viewed favourably by the public. Over the past 40 years, the private sector has been perceived as being run by the unscrupulous and the public sector by incompetents. The essay argues that Donald Trump was able to exploit these circumstances to win the 2016 election. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a polemic. It relies on archival research and data to create a new view of historical eras in US business history. The object of analysis is the idea of relative legitimacy, the public image of the State vis-a-vis business and business managers. Findings Although the paper addresses business history, a novel argument is presented about the 2016 US Presidential election. It is proposed that Trump took advantage of unique historical circumstances; therefore, his win had more to do with the moment than with him personally. Research limitations/implications The paper interprets the 2016 Presidential race as the end-point of a 250-year journey. It sets a new agenda, in that previous analyses have mostly viewed the ascendancy of Trump as pertaining to distinctively post-industrial twenty-first-century phenomena. Social implications In analysing the 2016 Presidential race, the emphasis is largely removed from issues of personality or partisan politics. Originality/value The paper takes a view of the 2016 election which has not hitherto been adopted. It proposes a new concept – relative legitimacy – as having a substantial explanatory value.

Pipes and politics: a century of change and continuity in Kenyan urban water supply

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nilsson ◽  
Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Service Standards

ABSTRACTMajor institutional reforms are currently under way to improve the performance of the public water sector in Kenya. However, a historical perspective is needed in order to achieve sustainable improvements that will also benefit the urban poor. This article seeks to provide such a perspective, applying a cross-disciplinary and socio-technical approach to urban water supply over the last century, in which institutions, organisations and technology are seen to interact with political, economic and demographic processes. Despite a series of reforms over the years, the socio-technical structure of the urban water sector in Kenya has shown a remarkable stability since the 1920s, and into the 1980s. However, the sustainability of the public service systems has been eroded since independence, due to changes in the institutional framework surrounding the systems, while exclusive standards and technological choices have essentially been preserved from the colonial era. Current sector reform must create incentives for addressing technology choices and service standards in order to provide public water services also for the urban poor.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Marharyta Chepeliuk ◽  
Kateryna Kutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Great Precision ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

Both technology and business are changing in the world. The new paradigm of the world is emerging in the form of systems, affecting all aspects of the activities of society and market players. The scale and complexity of transformation will be different from what humanity has experienced before. It is not yet possible to predict with great precision how it will unfold, but one thing is clear: the answer must be integrated and comprehensive, from the public and private sectors in scientific community, business and society. In the new economic environment, economic agents have to go through the processes of digital transformation that are necessary to improve. The purpose of the article is to define the main directions of the development of digitalization and to analyse Ukraine’s place in the world by the level of development of digitalization. Methodical tools of the study were methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, search for causal relationships. The article presents the results of empirical analysis of the main trends in the Ukrainian market during the pandemic and their relationship with the processes of digitalization. The article analyzes the development trends and the size of the digital economy in Ukraine and in other countries of the world. Key numerical trends have been identified that will determine the direction of this type of economy. It has been proved that digitalization must be carried out in accordance with the principles of equal access, benefit creation, economic growth, the promotion of the information society and the orientation towards cooperation. The advantages of the digitalization of Ukrainian economy are presented, as well as the threats and risks that will arise from this process are indicated.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF “UNIVERSITY-BUSINESS” COOPERATION ON YOUTH COMPETITIVENESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
А.В. Вербицька
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
State Higher Education ◽  
Education Business

Economic development of a country depends to a large extent on availability of competitive specialists capable of effective legislation, management, production and improvement of innovation and technology. The current situation in the labor market indicates the imperfection of the existing mechanism of interaction of stakeholders (state, higher education, business and society, the impossibility of self-adjustment and harmonization of relations between them, which highlights the need for improvement. The article presents the results of the empirical study “Youth Competitiveness in the Labor Market”. By interviewing employers, current and promising areas of cooperation between higher education institutions and business structures have been identified. The directions of synchronization of stakeholders’ cooperation in the Quadruple Helix (the state, business, higher education, and the public) to increase youth competitiveness in the labor market have been offered.

scholarly journals Challenges, Cooperation and Paradoxes in the Coca Cocaine Complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Mariá De Los Ángeles Lasa
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
American States ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

The coca-cocaine complex in South America is one of the most serious threats to the region’s political, economic and social institutions. It has infected the public and private sectors with the virus of corruption and violence, and it has brought about the intervention of extra-regional actors that have contributed to worsening the situation. In the fight against this threat since the 1970s, South American countries have had the support of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) which, these being the world’s largest consumers of cocaine in the world, has become the source of a vicious paradox: the challenges for South American states arise not only from the coca-cocaine complex itself, but also from the cooperation of those world superpowers in the fight against it. This paper analyses both the cooperation among drug actors –an issue that has historically been overlooked–, and the previously mentioned paradox in the case of South American states and the EU.

Biopolitics, Occupational Health and State Power: The Marginalization of Sick Workers in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 808-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing-Chung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
State Power ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

AbstractThis article endeavours to address the experience of Chinese workers with occupational disease as an instantiation of Agamben's notion ofhomo sacer– the ultimate biopolitical subject whose life is located outside the “normal” political, economic and cultural practices and, hence, is rendered largely silent and unintelligible in the public realm. It argues that the victimization of the occupationally sick worker has become almost a blind spot at the centre of governmentality insofar as the specific set of social regulations and power relations has created a “double ambivalence” among the victims who are constantly and disturbingly caught in between the public and private, the productive and unproductive, and the culturally normative and the culturally deviant. Such experiences of marginality contribute to the understanding of the biopolitical nature of contemporary Chinese state power, which adopts extensive “stability maintenance” (weiwen) measures to reduce resisters to a state of “bare life” susceptible to the rule of exception.

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