Decomposing the Labor Market Earnings Inequality: The Public and Private Sectors in Vietnam, 1993–2006

The processes of globalization affect many economic and social processes, and the labor market is no exception. The situation in the labor market is always the center of attention for the state, business, and society as a whole. It determines the economic development of the country, social policy, the competitiveness of enterprises, and human capital. This article discusses global challenges such as the fourth industrial revolution, the digital transformation of society and industry, migration processes and informal employment, the problems of identifying social status for the population, and the system of accounting for social benefits. Because the labor market is experiencing the strongest impact of political, economic, social, and demographic processes, it has its own characteristics in each country, and this article discusses the internal problems of the Kazakhstan labor market. In addition, the article provides suggestions for improving social policy issues, employment through the automation of social processes and services, the digitalization of the public and private sectors, and the creation and development of information infrastructure of the labor market.

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Public–Private Wage Disparities, Employment, and Labor Market Segmentation in Tunisia

10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ines Bouassida ◽

Abdel-Rahmen El Lahga

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Social Protection ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Wage Structure ◽

Wage Distribution ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Wage Disparities

The dysfunction of the Tunisian labor market is exacerbated particularly by the segmentation between public and private sector employment. These different segments differ in terms of returns to human capital, social protection and mobility, affecting career development and the wage structure in the economy. In this chapter, we present the patterns of wage distribution in Tunisia across important socioeconomic groups and a detailed analysis of the wage gap between public and private sectors. Our results show particularly that while in the bottom sector of the wage distribution the positive wage gap between public and private sectors is mainly attributable to the composition or characteristics of workers, the wage gap in the upper sector of the distribution is due to returns to characteristics effect. The public-sector wage premium explains the strong preference in public positions.

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The Degree of Graduates Suitability of the Faculty and Institutes of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training for the Requirements of Labor Market in Kuwait from Employers Perspectives

International Journal of Higher Education ◽

10.5430/ijhe.v10n6p122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Talal Ibrahim Almesad

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Education And Training ◽

Public Authority ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Basic Study ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

The State Of Kuwait ◽

Applied Education ◽

And Training

The current study aimed at determining the suitability level for the faculties and institutes graduates of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and the requirements of the labor market in the State of Kuwait from the employers’ perspective in the public and private sectors. The study sample consisted of (2018) employers. A questionnaire was used after verifying its validity and stability. It was applied to an exploratory sample from the study population which are not included in the basic study sample. The results of the study showed that the suitability level of graduates of the Faculties and Institutes of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training and the requirements of the labor market in the country Kuwait was moderate. The findings also revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the suitability level for graduates of faculty and institutes of the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in favour of female employers, and differences were found according to the employer’s graduation organization in favour of the Authority’s graduates. Besides, the differences were found in both work sector in favor of the public work sector.

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Gender and Labor Market

10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch096 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1931-1944

Author(s):

Cahide Göğüsdere

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Social Security ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Social Situation ◽

Public And Private ◽

Social State ◽

Assistance Programs ◽

The Public ◽

Gender Based ◽

Level Of Living

Gender is defined as the tasks, functions, and roles attributed to women and men in the public and private areas in society. The concept of gender is important in social state policies. The social state is a state that deals with the economic and social situation of individuals and seeks to ensure a minimum level of living, social security, and justice. In this kind of state disease, disability, death, unemployment, and similar cases, social security and assistance programs are in the foreground. Gender discrimination in the labor market in Turkey is a major problem. Women face a number of obstacles in this market. In particular, gender-based occupational discrimination affects women's position in the labor market. In addition to factors such as inflation, growth, and unemployment, gender roles play a role in the effectiveness of the female labor force in these markets. In this study, labor markets in Turkey will examine on the basis of gender and will be discussed in terms of insurance premiums and tax incentives for the period 2000-2019.

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Gender and Labor Market

Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies - Challenges to Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Programs in Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4093-0.ch012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 186-199

Author(s):

Cahide Göğüsdere

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Social Security ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Social Situation ◽

Public And Private ◽

Social State ◽

Assistance Programs ◽

The Public ◽

Gender Based ◽

Level Of Living

Gender is defined as the tasks, functions, and roles attributed to women and men in the public and private areas in society. The concept of gender is important in social state policies. The social state is a state that deals with the economic and social situation of individuals and seeks to ensure a minimum level of living, social security, and justice. In this kind of state disease, disability, death, unemployment, and similar cases, social security and assistance programs are in the foreground. Gender discrimination in the labor market in Turkey is a major problem. Women face a number of obstacles in this market. In particular, gender-based occupational discrimination affects women's position in the labor market. In addition to factors such as inflation, growth, and unemployment, gender roles play a role in the effectiveness of the female labor force in these markets. In this study, labor markets in Turkey will examine on the basis of gender and will be discussed in terms of insurance premiums and tax incentives for the period 2000-2019.

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Turnover: The Real Bottom Line

Public Personnel Management ◽

10.1177/009102600002900303 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 333-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Sami M. Abbasi ◽

Kenneth W. Hollman

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Revolving Door ◽

Labor Turnover ◽

Employee Productivity ◽

Foreign Competition ◽

Bottom Line ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Real ◽

The Public ◽

The Many

Turnover is the rotation of workers around the labor market; between firms, jobs, and occupations; and between the states of employment and unemployment.1 “In-house engineering,” “revolving door policy,” and “management by turnover,” are a few of the many colorful and euphemistic terms used to describe this organizational phenomenon. By whatever name or form, labor turnover is one of the most significant causes of declining productivity and sagging morale in both the public and private sectors. Management theorists say it lies behind the failure of U. S. employee productivity to keep pace with foreign competition.2

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Assessment of Sustainable Development of the Performance of Higher Education Credentials in the Transitive Labor Market

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aftab Ahmed Memon ◽

Zhimin Liu

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Labor Market ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Public And Private ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public ◽

Low Education ◽

Economic Survey ◽

The Impact

Given the transitive challenges in the labor market, education can provide a sustainable developmental map for worldwide economic prosperity. Deep understanding of the dynamics of human capital, reflecting earnings aspirations in the labor market, indicates the need for policy makers to monitor and modify pedagogical curricula to meet the supply/demand of markets based on scientific evidence. In this study, we propose a methodology based on a household integrated economic survey (HIES) and, using different models, assess the impact of attained education and returns on the practical utility of skills within the context of a transitive labor market. We observe that effort levels are snowballing and rejection rates are declining for people with higher education (HE), whereas wage offers decline for people with low education (LE). Our results reveal significant differences in the supply/demand factors of both the public and private markets’ one-shot and continual affiliations. We conclude the impact of sheepskin effects and the implication of our findings.

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The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2012.14.03.02 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 22-46

Author(s):

Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽

Toan Pham Ngoc

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Computable General Equilibrium ◽

Impact Evaluation ◽

Public Expenditure ◽

Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽

Living Standard ◽

Input Output ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

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CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS PROCESSADOS E ULTRAPROCESSADOS POR ESCOLARES DE ARROIO DO TIGRE, RS

Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Saúde ◽

10.33362/ries.v7i1.1300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 157-164

Author(s):

Rubiane Inara Wagner ◽

Patrícia Molz ◽

Camila Schreiner Pereira

Keyword(s):

Public School ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Private School ◽

Food Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

Cereal Bars

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a frequência do consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados e verificar a associação entre estado nutricional por adolescentes do ensino público e privado do município de Arroio do Tigre, RS. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes, com idade entre 10 e 15 anos, de uma escola pública e uma privada de Arroio do Tigre, RS. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal. Aplicou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar contendo alimentos processados e ultraprocessados. A amostra foi composta por 64 adolescentes com idade média de 12,03±1,15 anos, sendo 53,1% da escola pública. A maioria dos adolescentes encontravam-se eutróficos (p=0,343), e quando comparado com o consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, a maioria dos escolares eutróficos relataram maior frequência no consumo de balas e chicletes (50,0%) e barra de cereais (51,0%), de 1 a 3 vezes por semana (p=0,004; p=0,029, respectivamente). Houve também uma maior frequência de consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados como pizza (73,5%; p0,001), refrigerante (58,8%; p=0,036) e biscoito recheado (58,8%; p=0,008) entre 1 a 3 vezes por semana na escola pública em comparação a escola privada. O consumo de suco de pacote (p=0,013) foi relatado não ser consumido pela maioria dos alunos da escola particular em comparação a escola pública. Os dados encontrados evidenciam um consumo expressivo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados pelos adolescentes de ambas as escolas, destacando alimentos com alto teor de açúcar e sódio.Palavras-chave: Hábitos alimentares. Adolescentes. Alimentos industrializados. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods and to verify the association between nutritional status by adolescents from public and private schools in the municipality of Arroio do Tigre, RS. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with adolescents, aged 10 to 15 years, from a public school and a private school in Arroio do Tigre, RS. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. A food frequency questionnaire containing processed and ultraprocessed foods was applied. The sample consisted of 64 adolescents with a mean age of 12.03±1.15 years, 53.1% of the public school. Most of the adolescents were eutrophic (p=0.343), and when compared to the consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods, most eutrophic schoolchildren reported a higher frequency of bullets and chewing gum (50.0%) and cereal bars (51.0%), 1 to 3 times per week (p=0.004, p=0.029, respectively). There was also a higher frequency of consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods such as pizza (73.5%, p0.001), refrigerant (58.8%, p=0.036) and stuffed biscuit (58.8%, p=0.008) between 1 to 3 times a week in public school compared to private school. Consumption of packet juice (p=0.013) was reported not to be consumed by the majority of private school students compared to public school. Conclusion: The data found evidenced an expressive consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods by the adolescents of both schools, highlighting foods with high sugar and sodium content.Keywords: Food Habits. Adolescents. Industrialized Foods.

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