Efficiency of scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis cultivation in the Ussuri Bay (Japan Sea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Galina S. Gavrilova ◽  
Larisa N. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Scallop Cultivation ◽  
Weak Result

Data on cultivation of scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis in the Ussuri Bay are generalized. The marine farms are located in the shallow waters at depths of 2-18 m, their plantations occupy different areas with different hydrodynamics. Complex structure of the plantations (collectors, cages and bottom facilities) is formed in the semi-closed Sukhodol Bay, but bottom plantations only for growing of scallop and sea cucumber are mounted in two other bays. The local broodstocks of scallop were formed by juveniles transported from the Posyet Bay, after that at least 20 million individuals of scallop spat were collected in three bays in 2000-2014, and their growing gave the total commercial output about 216 t (111 t in the Sukhodol Bay, 70 t in the Ilmovaya Bay, and 35 t in the Malye Kushi Bay). This is rather weak result that shows that the area has limited abilities for development of this type of aquaculture. The main reason was low density of spat on substrata: it never exceeded 200 ind./collector and did not increase during the farms development, so the farmers were forced to increase the number of collectors to obtain required number of spat; moreover, some years were unfavorable for collecting of juvenile scallops. There is concluded that environmental conditions in the eastern Ussuri Bay are not optimal for the scallop cultivation by extensive method.

scholarly journals Settling of mollusks and sedimentation on artificial substrata in the Sukhodol Bay (​​Japan Sea)

2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Galina S. Gavrilova ◽  
Valeria E. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Mytilus Trossulus ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
High Sedimentation ◽  
Commercial Size ◽  
Modal Group

Density of bivalve spat settled on collectors determines the yield of aquaculture plantation. It varies considerably in different water areas at Primorye coast and has year-to-year variability. The spat settling intensity in the last decade is considered for a marine farm in the Sukhodol Bay (Ussuri Bay) and sedimentation of suspended matter on collectors is estimated for the same plantation in the summer of 2012. Period of the scallop spat settling is rather long and continues until late June. Mean spat size is 9.2 ± 2.2 mm (modal group 8-10 mm), mean weight is 0.08 g. The average density of juvenile scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis changes year-to-year from 77 to 200 ind./collector, and the density of juvenile mussels Mytilus trossulus - from 500 to 2,330 ind. per meter of the collectors set. These values provide the annual harvesting of > 2 million ind. of the scallop spat and 10-30 ton of commercial-size mussels from 1 hectare of plantation. Juveniles of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus settle on collectors as well, in less number, but sufficient for their growing on bottom plantations in some years. Suspended matter sedimentation on collectors, including agrestal marine organisms, is rather high in the first months after the collectors installation - up to 0.31 ton/month per 1 hectare of standard plantation. Reclamation measures are recommended in the cases of high sedimentation, possibly installation of bicultural plantations in the water column.

Filogeni Timun Laut (Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) Berdasarkan Karakteristik Morfologis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ismiliana Wirawati ◽  
Pradina Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Method ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
High Level

<strong>Phylogeny of Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) Based on Morphological Characteristics.</strong> Identifiers in the class of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) constitute the external morphology, internal organs, and spicules. These characteristics may indicate a high level of similarity for particular families, including family Stichopodidae. This family is one of the Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) that represents the majority of commercial species found widespread in the tropical shallow waters. Until now, the evolution of sea cucumber based on morphological characteristics used to determine the status of the characteristics applicable to the phylogeny analysis is still under debate. In fact, research on the phylogeny of Stichopodidae, has not been done yet. This paper reports the phylogeny study of Stichopodidae species in Indonesia to determine the closeness among its species. Specimens used in this study were the collection of Research Center for Oceanography LIPI consisting of nine species of Stichopodidae (as ingroup) and two species of Holothuriidae (as outgroup). The construction of phylogeny tree was done by applying the maximum parsimony method and PAUP 4.0b program using 78 morphological characteristics. It resulted in two phylogeny trees separating consistently the genus Stichopus from the genus Thelenota (bootstrap 99% and 100%) with the stable position in each genus. Both these genera of Stichopodidae have the same number of synapomorphs. Stichopus has ten homoplastic characteristics among its species, while Thelenota does not have any. Six of the nine species of Stichopodidae show autapomorph characteristics which are proper to species level<br />

scholarly journals Tracking the dynamics of individual gut microbiome of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during gut regeneration

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10260
Author(s):  
Yohei Yamazaki ◽  
Yuichi Sakai ◽  
Juanwen Yu ◽  
Sayaka Mino ◽  
Tomoo Sawabe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Sea Cucumbers

Sea cucumbers possess the remarkable capacity to regenerate their body parts or organs. Regeneration of host organs and/or body parts involves reconstruction of the host associated microbiota, however, the dynamics and contribution of microbiota to the regeneration process are largely unknown due to a lack of experimental models. To track the dynamics of individual gut microbiomes during gut regeneration, both caged mariculture and laboratory isolator systems of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) were developed and longitudinal meta16S analyses were performed. Under natural environmental conditions in the caged mariculture system, both bacterial and eukaryotic communities in sea cucumbers’ guts appeared to be reconstructed within 4 months after evisceration. Using the laboratory isolator, which can trace daily dynamics, we found that fecal microbiota collected before evisceration were clearly different from those collected after evisceration. We also identified eight key bacteria, belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Oceanospirillaceae and family-unassigned Gammaproteobacteria, suggesting that these bacteria might interact with the host during the gut regeneration process. Six of the eight key bacteria were isolated for further bioassay using the isolator developed in this study to test whether these isolates affect gut regeneration.

scholarly journals Assessment of potential production for sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a bicultural marine farm in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Great Bay ◽  
Commercial Size ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Marine farms in Peter the Great Bay are oriented predominantly to cultivation of bivalve mollusks that causes excessive accumulation of biodeposits in the areas of plantations. To reduce this negative impact on the ecosystem, development of bicultural farms with cultivation of flterfeeders and detritivores is recommended. In the area of mussel (Mytilus trossulus) plantations in the Sukhodol Bay, the sedimentation rate reaches 34.1 g.m–2.day–1, with mean portion of organic carbon in the biodeposits as 20.2 %. Annual biodeposition from 1 hectare of mussel plantations is about 124 t that corresponds to annual consumption of detritus by 1 million of 1-year-old sea cucumberApostichopus japonicus. By the end of the 4-year cycle of cultivation, the sea cucumbers of commercial size consume this amount of biodeposits within a month (60 g of organic carbon per year each). Production of a sea cucumber plantation with 5 million juveniles of sea cucumber settling every year can exceed 700 t in 10 years of operation, if it is mounted within the bicultural marine farm with bivalve cages as additional source of suspended organic matter.

scholarly journals Unexpected Covariances between Shell Growth Parameters are Controlling the Range of Interspecific Variations of Shell shape in the Deep-Sea Clams Genus Calyptogena (Bivalvia: Veneroida)

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Variations

In Bivalves, shell shape descriptors (in particular, elongation E, dissymmetry D, ventral convexity K) are considered functionally-relevant parameters, each of them likely being exposed to specific selective pressures, according to environmental conditions. Indeed, previous investigations, have repeatedly confirmed that different types of constraints do apply to the respective ranges of interspecific variations of E, D, K: in particular, a trend for a substantially extended range of interspecific variation of shell-elongation E (likely attributed to niche differentiation) and, on the contrary, a trend for a severely restricted range of interspecific variation of ventral-convexity K (closely centered at an optimum for mechanical resistance of valves). In turn, due to rigid geometrical relationships linking shell-shape to shell-growth, this pattern of constraints on shell-shape variations implies, mathematically, the occurrence of specifically associated covariances between shell-growth parameters, the occurrence of which were, indeed, repeatedly observed within all groups of shallow-waters clams examined so far. Yet, the fairly different environmental conditions prevailing at bathyal / abyssal depths invite addressing comparatively some typically deep-sea clams; hereafter the genus Calyptogena. Contrary to expectation, the same types of covariances between shell-growth parameters are reported in deep-sea Calyptogena as those reported in shallow-waters clams, thus suggesting less dissimilar patterns of constraints than expected between shallow waters and deep-sea conditions.

scholarly journals Potensi Pengembangan Komoditas Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra Jaenger) secara Berkelanjutan dengan Model Integrasi Sea Farming di Kepulauan Padaido Kabupaten Biak Numfor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Daniel Lantang ◽  
Yunus P. Paulangan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
Marine Culture

Sea cucumber is one of high value economic commodity due to not only having a fairly completed nutrition, but also used as the raw material for production of drugs, cosmetics and others. Therefore it becomes one of the highly potential export commodities. However, the target of catching sea cucumbers community intensively will give a negative impact on its sustainability. Sea cucumber has long been recognized and protected by the people in Padaido islands known as sasisen or sasi system. Although it has been conserved through sasisen system, but tends decline recently. This happen due to the high fishing activities by fisherman. Sea farming methods is a sea fisheries development concept in shallow waters such as the merger between aquaculture and capture fisheries by utilizing leading commodity in potential cultivation area. Sea farming is a system of utilization of marine ecosystem-based marine culture with the ultimate goal to improve the stock of fish (fish resources enhancement) to the sustainability of fisheries and other marine-based activities such as ecotourism. This paper will discuss the development opportunities of sea farming system that is integrated with the prevailing of local wisdom in Padaido Islands, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua, namely sasisen. This system works in conserving sea cucumber resources and increasing incomes of local communities in Padaido island through the creation of alternative livelihoods specifically in sea cucumber cultivation. Therefore, these models and approaches can be considered to manage coastal and marine resources in a sustainable way in Padaido Islands, Biak Numfor Regency.Key words: Sea cucumber, sustainable management, sasisen, Padaido Islands.

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