Highly Purified Glucose Isomerase Crystals Under Microgravity Conditions Grow as Fast as Those on the Ground Do

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Impurity Incorporation ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

<p>Suppression of convection flows (solute transportation) and that of impurity incorporation into crystals seem to be the main reasons why the quality of protein crystals becomes better under microgravity conditions, whereas each precise mechanism has not been completely clarified yet. We tried to clarify the former reason by the in-situ observation of spiral growth hillocks on the {110} faces of highly purified glucose isomerase (GI) crystals under microgravity conditions and on the ground. Lateral growth rates <i>V</i><sub>lateral</sub> of a spiral hillock on the {110} face of a glucose isomerase crystal in situ under microgravity conditions and step velocities <i>V</i><sub>step</sub> of the same configuration on the ground took similar values as far as the maximum values are compared each other. This similarity indicates there are less influences of the convection flows on the growth rates of protein crystals contrary to conventional expectations.</p>

Highly Purified Glucose Isomerase Crystals Under Microgravity Conditions Grow as Fast as Those on the Ground Do

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Impurity Incorporation ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

<p>Suppression of convection flows (solute transportation) and that of impurity incorporation into crystals seem to be the main reasons why the quality of protein crystals becomes better under microgravity conditions, whereas each precise mechanism has not been completely clarified yet. We tried to clarify the former reason by the in-situ observation of spiral growth hillocks on the {110} faces of highly purified glucose isomerase (GI) crystals under microgravity conditions and on the ground. Lateral growth rates <i>V</i><sub>lateral</sub> of a spiral hillock on the {110} face of a glucose isomerase crystal in situ under microgravity conditions and step velocities <i>V</i><sub>step</sub> of the same configuration on the ground took similar values as far as the maximum values are compared each other. This similarity indicates there are less influences of the convection flows on the growth rates of protein crystals contrary to conventional expectations.</p>

scholarly journals Very Low Nucleation Rates of Glucose Isomerase Crystals under Microgravity in the International Space Station

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Suzuki ◽  
Takahisa Fujiwara ◽  
Katsuo Tsukamoto ◽  
Seijiro Fukuyama ◽  
Taro Shimaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
International Space ◽  
High Supersaturation ◽  
Very High

In situ observation of the nucleation and growth of glucose isomerase (GI) crystals under microgravity was conducted using an optical microscope during the first flight of the Advanced Nano Step project undertaken in the International Space Station (ISS). Very low apparent nucleation rates (J’) of GI crystals in the solution and on the substrate of the growth container were confirmed compared with those on the ground. In particular, J’ of GI crystals in the solution were a few times lower than that on the substrate. The growth rates (R) of the {101} faces of GI crystals on the substrate and the apparent growth rates (R’) in the solution were measured. The very low nucleation rates allowed us to successfully measure R at a very high supersaturation region (up to ln(C/Ce) = 6), at which R cannot be measured on the ground.

In-Situ Observation of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Sige Films by Optical Reflection Interferometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ritter ◽  
B. Tillack ◽  
M. Weidner ◽  
F. G. Böbel ◽  
B. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Optical Reflection ◽  
Initial Stage

AbstractChemical Vapor Deposition of Si1-x Gex – films on Si (100) and of polycrystalline Si1-x Gex, layers on SiO2 – coated substrates have been performed at a pressure of 200 Pa in the temperature range of 500°C – 800°C, correspondingly. To observe the growth process and to characterize the growing thin films at deposition conditions an optical reflection interferometer (PYRITIERS) has been used. Comparing the data obtained at growth temperature with ex- situ measurements by spectroscopic ellipsometry the temperature dependence of optical constants of SiGe films have been evaluated. The reflectivity measurements during the deposition process allow to study the quality of the heteroepitaxial film, even in the initial stage of epitaxial growth.

In situ observation of elementary growth steps on the surface of protein crystals by laser confocal microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 262 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Sazaki ◽  
Takuro Matsui ◽  
Katsuo Tsukamoto ◽  
Noritaka Usami ◽  
Toru Ujihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Laser Confocal Microscopy

scholarly journals Work Ergonomic Analysis: Application of a Postural Study on the Oysters Cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Giselle Mari Speck ◽  
Cristhiane Guertler ◽  
Walter Quadros Seiffert ◽  
Lizandra Garcia Lupi Vergara ◽  
Eugenio Andrés Díaz Merino
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Ergonomic Analysis ◽  
Rapid Entire Body Assessment

O cultivo de moluscos marinhos é uma atividade de grande importância no Brasil proporcionando a geração de emprego e renda para pescadores artesanais e comunidades pesqueiras, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento local.  Entretanto, este tipo de cultivo ainda é realizado de forma bastante artesanal com intensa utilização de mão de obra. Diante disso, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma descrição das posturas e movimentos de maricultores durante a realização da atividade de classificação de ostras. Participaram voluntariamente dez funcionários de uma fazenda marinha no município de Florianópolis, SC. Para análise da postura e movimentos, utilizou-se o método Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) e método NIOSH juntamente com a observação in loco e entrevistas com os maricultores. A tarefa de classificação de ostras  apresenta médio risco de lesão ou doenças ocupacionais, principalmente na região cervical e membros superiores, pois é desenvolvida com acentuada flexão de cabeça e ombros, o que exige muito da musculatura envolvida para manter a postura e realizar movimentos repetitivos. Muitos trabalhadores apresentam dores musculares nos ombros, lombar, mãos, punhos e dedos. Adaptações simples e economicamente viáveis devem ser adotadas, pois através da avaliação ergonômica é possível realizar intervenções que estão ao alcance dos trabalhadores. Necessita-se transmitir os conhecimentos para que os trabalhadores tenham consciência das posturas que devem adotar na realização desta atividade aquícola e assim promover uma melhor qualidade de vida desta população.Palavras-chave: Aquicultura. Ergonomia. Saúde do Trabalhador.AbstractThe cultivation of marine mollusks is an activity of great importance in Brazil, providing employment and income for artisanal fishermen and fishing communities, contributing to local development. However, this type of cultivation is still carried out in a very handmade way with intense use of labor. The objective of this study was to describe the postures and movements of fish farmers during the oyster classification activity. Ten employees of a marine farm participated in the municipality of Florianópolis, SC. For the analysis of the posture and movements, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and NIOSH method were used along with in situ observation and interviews with the workers. The task of oysters classification  presents an average risk of injury or occupational diseases, especially in the cervical region and upper limbs, as it is developed with marked flexion of the head and shoulders, which requires a lot of the muscles involved to maintain the posture and perform repetitive movements. Many workers have muscle pains in the shoulders, lower back, hands, wrists and fingers. Simple and economically viable adaptations should be adopted, because through ergonomic evaluation it is possible to carry out interventions that are within the reach of the workers. It is necessary to transmit  knowledge so that the workers are aware of the postures that they must adopt in the accomplishment of this aquaculture activity and thus to promote a better quality of life of this population.Keywords: Aquaculture. Ergonomics. Occupational Health.

scholarly journals In Situ Observation of Elementary Growth Processes of Protein Crystals by Advanced Optical Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Sazaki ◽  
Alexander E.S. Van Driessche ◽  
Guoliang Dai ◽  
Masashi Okada ◽  
Takuro Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Growth Processes

scholarly journals The Study of the Mechanism of Protein Crystallization in Space by Using Microchannel to Simulate Microgravity Environment

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
Ji-Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Protein Crystallization ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Lysozyme Crystals ◽  
Lysozyme Crystal

Space is expected to be a convection-free, quiescent environment for the production of large-size and high-quality protein crystals. However, the mechanisms by which the diffusion environment in space improves the quality of the protein crystals are not fully understood. The interior of a microfluidic device can be used to simulate a microgravity environment to investigate the protein crystallization mechanism that occurs in space. In the present study, lysozyme crystals were grown in a prototype microchannel device with a height of 50 μm in a glass-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass sandwich structure. Comparative experiments were also conducted in a sample pool with a height of 2 mm under the same growth conditions. We compared the crystal morphologies and growth rates of the grown crystals in the two sample pools. The experimental results showed that at very low initial supersaturation, the morphology and growth rates of lysozyme crystals under the simulated microgravity conditions is similar to that on Earth. With increasing initial supersaturation, a convection-free, quiescent environment is better for lysozyme crystal growth. When the initial supersaturation exceeded a threshold, the growth of the lysozyme crystal surface under the simulated microgravity conditions never completely transform from isotropic to anisotropic. The experimental results showed that the convection may have a dual effect on the crystal morphology. Convection can increase the roughness of the crystal surface and promote the transformation of the crystal form from circular to tetragonal during the crystallization process.

Study on Settlement after Construction for the High Loess-Filled Embankment

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hu ◽  
Yu Wen Ju ◽  
Wen Zheng Wang ◽  
Xue Mei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
East Central ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Observation Results

Engineers and researchers pay close attention to high-filled embankment project with loess as its main filler. In order to study its characteristics and settlement rules, a series of laboratory tests on the fillers and in situ observation based on the actual project located in the east central of Taiyuan were made. These work resulted in some settlement curves for the each soil layer. Then some basic physical properties of loess were get at the same time. Observation results were analyzed and the influence of different factors on the settlement curves were discussed.After considering various factors,effective construction suggestions were raised to control the dry density and moisture content in order to decrease the settlement of embankment and improve the quality of the construction.

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