scholarly journals A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Different Production Processes for Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Klug ◽  
Josef-Peter Schöggl ◽  
Doris Dallinger ◽  
Clemens Stueckler ◽  
Andreas Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

This study provides a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of four different polyurethane dispersion production processes from cradle-to-gate. The environmental performances of the NMP process, the acetone process, the melt process, and a conceptualized continuous flow process were evaluated and compared following the CML 2001 methodology. The LCA revealed that the conceptualized flow process exhibits the lowest environmental impact in all investigated impact categories. Depending on the impact category, the melt process or the acetone process rank second. The NMP process was observed to have the highest impact in all categories. Consequently, the flow process has the lowest carbon footprint (1.13 kg CO2-eq), according to the global warming potential (100 years), followed by the melt (1.45 kg CO2-eq), the acetone (1.95 kg CO2-eq) and the NMP process (3.11 kg CO2-eq).

scholarly journals A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Different Production Processes for Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Klug ◽  
Josef-Peter Schöggl ◽  
Doris Dallinger ◽  
Clemens Stueckler ◽  
Andreas Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

This study provides a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of four different polyurethane dispersion production processes from cradle-to-gate. The environmental performances of the NMP process, the acetone process, the melt process, and a conceptualized continuous flow process were evaluated and compared following the CML 2001 methodology. The LCA revealed that the conceptualized flow process exhibits the lowest environmental impact in all investigated impact categories. Depending on the impact category, the melt process or the acetone process rank second. The NMP process was observed to have the highest impact in all categories. Consequently, the flow process has the lowest carbon footprint (1.13 kg CO2-eq), according to the global warming potential (100 years), followed by the melt (1.45 kg CO2-eq), the acetone (1.95 kg CO2-eq) and the NMP process (3.11 kg CO2-eq).

scholarly journals The contribution of life-cycle assessment to environmentally preferable concrete mix selection for breakwater applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Gomes da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Gomes ◽  
Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Regulation Compliance ◽  
Alkali Activated

Abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) provides a comprehensive framework for positioning low energy and global warming potential alternatives regarding Portland cement and concrete. Published LCA work on alkali-activated cements is, however, relatively limited. In this paper, we illustrate how LCA critically supports concrete technological studies in the search for low impact concrete mixes. Previous research on breakwater applications explored replacing a low-clinker Portland cement and natural aggregates with seven different alkali-activated blast furnace slag (bfs) binder systems and with coarse and granulated bfs aggregates. Its outcome suggested a sodium silicate-activated bfs formulation as the best match between concrete properties and environmental regulation compliance. To validate this outcome through LCA, our cradle to gate assessments followed ISO 14044 (INTERNATIONAL…, 2006b) and used Ecoinvent v.2.2 and CML baseline 2001 v.2.05. We adopted the ‘net avoided burden approach’ to handle multifunctionality intrinsic to by-product-based AAC. Whilst sodium silicate-activated mixes rivaled the reference regarding GWP, impacts in several categories were increased. LCA highlighted the implications of driving mix selection by focusing on a single environmental impact category.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment dan Life Cycle Cost untuk Serat Kenaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Desrina Yusi Irawati ◽  
Melati Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
A Value ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
The Impact

Kenaf fiber from the kenaf plant is the excellent raw material for industry because of the various diversified products it produces. To develop sustainable kenaf fiber, information is needed on the strengths and weaknesses of kenaf cultivation systems with respect to productivity and environmental impact. Therefore, a comprehensive environmental and economic impact assessment was conducted from cultivating kenaf to kenaf fiber. The environmental impact assessment uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and economic calculations from the life cycle of kenaf to kenaf fiber to collectors use the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method. The calculation of environmental impacts is in accordance with the stages of ISO 14040, using a single score assessment. The LCA results show that the treatment stage is the highest contributor of the three groups of impact categories. The highest to the lowest in the impact category group that was influenced by the treatment stage were resources with a value of 21.4 mPt, human health with a value of 8.76 mPt, and ecosystem quality with a value of 1.91 mPt. The cost identified through the LCC is Rp. 6,088,468,333, NVP and B/Cnet are positive. The results of the sensitivity analysis if there is a reduction in production> 6%, the business is still profitable and can be run.

scholarly journals Environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta using a life cycle assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
I P Sari ◽  
W Kuniawan ◽  
F L Sia
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Tofu is one of the processed soybean foods that are very popular with Indonesian society. Despite the popularity of Tofu, Tofu production in Indonesia is generally small and medium, reaching 500 kg per day, as in the tofu factory in Semanan, West Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to achieve this goal with SimaPro software for impact calculations. This research applies the LCA cradle to gate, which consists of soybean cultivation, transportation, and tofu production processes. The environmental impacts of tofu production analyzed in this study include global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, and eutrophication. The impact analysis showed that the acquisition of soybeans, which consisted of soybean cultivation and transportation, had the most significant environmental impact with a global warming potential value of 0.882 kg CO2 eq out of a total of 0.978 CO2 eq for the whole process.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Methyl Bromide Production and Utilization: Cradle to Grave Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampatrao Manjare ◽  
Amit Shanbag
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Methyl bromide is an effective and useful insecticide. It has ability to enter rapidly into materials at room temperature & pressure. Nowadays, it is primarily used for container fumigation purposes. However, exposure to it causes serious health-related issues. It is also one of the ozone-depleting substances. In this work, “cradle to gate” and “cradle to grave” approaches are considered to carry out a life cycle assessment of methyl bromide production. SimaPro software with the IMPACT 2002+ method is used to compute the results. From the results of cradle to gate approach, it is inferred that major emissions are due to usage of plant utilities and methanol production process which have a substantial effect on the atmosphere. From the results of cradle to grave approach, it is noted that application of methyl bromide causes significant environmental damage particularly to ozone layer followed by non-carcinogen.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bieńkowski ◽  
Małgorzata Holka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Complex Heavy-Duty Off-Road Equipment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Louis Kim ◽  
Harrison M. Kim ◽  
Peter Finamore ◽  
Herb Hazewinkel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Fair Comparison ◽  
Life Cycle Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Machines ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

This paper presents a method for comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of two distinctively different systems based on industrial heavy-duty off-road equipment. The study demonstrates how to compare the environmental impact performance of two different machines when they perform the same types of operations, but have different levels of operational productivity. Considering the entire life cycle of a machine from material extraction to end-of-life treatment, the two machines are analyzed and compared in terms of their life cycle impact score. To make a fair comparison between the two machines, the impact generated by the same amount of production is used as the basis for comparison. The results of the study can quantify the relative life cycle impact across different machine architectures for design and market support purposes.

scholarly journals Comparative life cycle assessment of different vacuum insulation panel core materials using a cradle to gate approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 107501
Author(s):  
Shahaboddin Resalati ◽  
Tobechi Okoroafor ◽  
Paul Henshall ◽  
Nuno Simões ◽  
Márcio Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Vacuum Insulation Panel ◽  
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Core Materials
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document