scholarly journals Smart cities: potential and challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Andrea Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Smart Services ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Service

This paper aims to discuss a few fundamental questions related to the smart city paradigm, such as “what is actually a smart city?”, “what can we expect from a smart city?”,and “which problems have to be addressed and solved in order to turn a standard (dumb) city into a smart one?” Starting from a discussion of the Smart City concept, we will illustrate some of the most popular smart services using the results of proof-of-concept experiments carried out in different cities around the world. Successively, we will describe the fundamental functions required to build a smart service and the corresponding enabling technologies. We will then describe the main research challenges that need to be addressed in order to fulfill the Smart City vision, and we will conclude with some final remarks and considerations about the possible evolution of the Smart City concept.

scholarly journals Proceedings of the First Curing Coma Campaign NIH Symposium: Challenging the Future of Research for Coma and Disorders of Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4-23
Author(s):  
Jan Claassen ◽  
Yama Akbari ◽  
Sheila Alexander ◽  
Mary Kay Bader ◽  
Kathleen Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World

AbstractComa and disorders of consciousness (DoC) are highly prevalent and constitute a burden for patients, families, and society worldwide. As part of the Curing Coma Campaign, the Neurocritical Care Society partnered with the National Institutes of Health to organize a symposium bringing together experts from all over the world to develop research targets for DoC. The conference was structured along six domains: (1) defining endotype/phenotypes, (2) biomarkers, (3) proof-of-concept clinical trials, (4) neuroprognostication, (5) long-term recovery, and (6) large datasets. This proceedings paper presents actionable research targets based on the presentations and discussions that occurred at the conference. We summarize the background, main research gaps, overall goals, the panel discussion of the approach, limitations and challenges, and deliverables that were identified.

scholarly journals Sustainable Smart City—Opening a Black Box

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Mona Treude
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Smart Services ◽  
Underlying Processes

Cities are becoming digital and are aiming to be sustainable. How they are combining the two is not always apparent from the outside. What we need is a look from inside. In recent years, cities have increasingly called themselves Smart City. This can mean different things, but generally includes a look towards new digital technologies and claim that a Smart City has various advantages for its citizens, roughly in line with the demands of sustainable development. A city can be seen as smart in a narrow sense, technology wise, sustainable or smart and sustainable. Current city rankings, which often evaluate and classify cities in terms of the target dimensions “smart” and “sustainable”, certify that some cities are both. In its most established academic definitions, the Smart City also serves both to improve the quality of life of its citizens and to promote sustainable development. Some cities have obviously managed to combine the two. The question that arises is as follows: What are the underlying processes towards a sustainable Smart City and are cities really using smart tools to make themselves sustainable in the sense of the 2015 United Nations Sustainability Goal 11? This question is to be answered by a method that has not yet been applied in research on cities and smart cities: the innovation biography. Based on evolutionary economics, the innovation biography approaches the process towards a Smart City as an innovation process. It will highlight which actors are involved, how knowledge is shared among them, what form citizen participation processes take and whether the use of digital and smart services within a Smart City leads to a more sustainable city. Such a process-oriented method should show, among other things, to what extent and when sustainability-relevant motives play a role and which actors and citizens are involved in the process at all.

scholarly journals A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and Benchmarking

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Anthopoulos ◽  
Marijn Janssen ◽  
Vishanth Weerakkody
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Architecture ◽  
The World ◽  
City Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urban Characteristics

Smart cities have attracted an extensive and emerging interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from all over the world. However, despite the significant role that smart cities can play to deal with recent urban challenges, the concept has been being criticized for not being able to realize its potential and for being a vendor hype. This paper reviews different conceptualization, benchmarks and evaluations of the smart city concept. Eight different classes of smart city conceptualization models have been discovered, which structure the unified conceptualization model and concern smart city facilities (i.e., energy, water, IoT etc.), services (i.e., health, education etc.), governance, planning and management, architecture, data and people. Benchmarking though is still ambiguous and different perspectives are followed by the researchers that measure -and recently monitor- various factors, which somehow exceed typical technological or urban characteristics. This can be attributed to the broadness of the smart city concept. This paper sheds light to parameters that can be measured and controlled in an attempt to improve smart city potential and leaves space for corresponding future research. More specifically, smart city progress, local capacity, vulnerabilities for resilience and policy impact are only some of the variants that scholars pay attention to measure and control.

scholarly journals Making a Building Smart with a Co-Created and Continuously Evolving Enjoyable Service Entity—Insights from a Collaborative Study

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Maaria Nuutinen ◽  
Eija Kaasinen ◽  
Jaana Hyvärinen ◽  
Airi Mölsä ◽  
Sanni Siltanen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Smart Services ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life

Buildings shape cities as those cities grow from and nurture people living and working within the built environment. Thus, the conceptualization of smart building should be brought closer to the smart city initiatives that particularly target ensuring and enhancing the sustainability and quality of urban life. In this paper, we propose that a smart building should be interlinked with a smart city surrounding it; it should provide good experiences to its various occupants and it should be in an ongoing state of evolving as an ecosystem, wherein different stakeholders can join to co-produce, co-provide and co-consume services. Smart buildings require a versatile set of smart services based on digital solutions, solutions in the built environment and human activities. We conducted a multiphase collaborative study on new service opportunities guided by a Design Thinking approach. The approach brought people, technology, and business perspectives together and resulted in key service opportunities that have the potential to make the buildings smart and provide enjoyable experience to the occupants who support their living and working activities in smart cities. This paper provides the resulting practical implications as well as proposes future avenues for research.

scholarly journals Actually existing smart citizens: expertise and (non)participation in the making of the smart city

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Shelton ◽  
Thomas Lodato
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In response to the mounting criticism of emerging ‘smart cities’ strategies around the world, a number of individuals and institutions have attempted to pivot from discussions of smart cities towards a focus on ‘smart citizens’. While the smart citizen is most often seen as a kind of foil for those more stereotypically top-down, neoliberal, and repressive visions of the smart city that have been widely critiqued within the literature, this paper argues for an attention to the ‘actually existing smart citizen’, which plays a much messier and more ambivalent role in practice. This paper proposes the dual figures of ‘the general citizen’ and ‘the absent citizen’ as a heuristic for thinking about how the lines of inclusion and exclusion are drawn for citizens, both discursively and materially, in the actual making of the smart city. These figures are meant to highlight how the universal and unspecified figure of ‘the citizen’ is discursively deployed to justify smart city policies, while at the same time, actual citizens remain largely excluded from such decision and policy-making processes. Using a case study of Atlanta, Georgia and its ongoing smart cities initiatives, we argue that while the participation of citizens is crucial to any truly democratic mode of urban governance, the emerging discourse around the promise of smart citizenship fails to capture the realities of how citizens are actually discussed and enrolled in the making of these policies.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SMART CITIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
MAKSIM D. PUSHKAREV ◽  
◽  
DMITRY A. PROKOFIEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Smart city technologies make the functioning of urban infrastructure more efficient, and the lives of citizens more comfortable and safe. During the COVID-19 pandemic, they were very popular, and this could not but affect the energy efficiency of high-tech megacities around the world. This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smart cities, and also offers a solution to the problem of energy efficiency of smart cities.

scholarly journals Setting up the stage for smart sustainable city: international and ukrainian context. The role of smart solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Anna Pozdniakova ◽  
Iryna Velska
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Human Component

The paper analyzes the key steps taken by different cities worldwide and gathered into a clear step-by-step roadmap that can be useful for emerging smart cities. The Roadmap covers three main stages as we see them during the process of development: preparation, formation and spreading stages. We reveal how this is incorporated in the Ukrainian context. Our analysis of smart city solutions from all over the world (based on the BeeSmartCity database) showed that the tech component on its own is not enough to overcome urban challenges within different domains (environment, economy, government etc.), as we see each of the solutions has a human component involved in a form of knowledge generation and sharing, different forms of co-creation and partnership etc. Thus, ICTs are a required but not a sufficient element of building successful citizen-friendly and resilient cities.

A Comprehensive Survey on Current Literature, Standards, ‎Applications and Projects of Self-Organizing Aerial Ad Hoc Network ‎‎(AANET) in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qutaiba Ibrahim Ali ◽  
Mustafa Siham Qassab
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Self Organizing

Abstract : In the last few decades, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been introduced which aims to bring more comfort to human life by integrating smartness into daily objects, yields to the idea of the smart city. Guaranteeing the well-being of residents and assessing industry and urban planning from an ecological and sustainable perspective are the main goals for the smart city. Great potentials are brought to the public and civil areas by the Aerial Ad Hoc Network (AANET) concept, especially in applications that are risky to human lives. AANET, like any emerging technology, comes with many challenges that have to be overcome to be employed efficiently. In this paper, we make a detailed survey on current literature, standards, and projects of self-organizing AANET in smart cities. Also, we intend to present a profound knowledge of this active research area by identifying features, design characteristics, architectures, routing protocols, and security aspects for the design and implementation of self-organizing AANET. Furthermore, we discuss existing solutions, indicate assessment metrics along with current applications, finally we highlight the main research scope for further developments. This article surveys the work done toward AANET-related outstanding issues, intending to encourage further research in this field.

Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Gajanan Kadam ◽  
Sharvari Chandrashekhar Tamane ◽  
Vijender Kumar Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Mobile Crowd

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Cultural Infrastructure and the Planning of Future Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
S Sindhu ◽  
M K Reshmi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Smart City ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Community Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Infrastructure ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
The Way

Culture is an important aspect of human civilization. Preserving and giving value to the cultural heritage of a region can pave the way for local as well as regional development. This includes tangible, intangible and the natural heritage of cities. It is necessary to develop a cultural infrastructure plan along with other aspects such as transportation, built, green and grey in frastructure. Cultural infrastructure refers to places where culture is experienced, participated in or showcased in. This includes the existing cultural heritage of a place as well as the planning of spaces for cultural stimulation and involvement. With the advent of fourth industrial revolution smart cities are gradually becoming the way of life across the world. The Smart City uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT) to effectively manage transportation, water services, waste disposal, energy and other community services. In this scenario it becomes imperative to have strategic infrastructure planning. Indian Government has recently launched the Smart City Mission in India and several smart city projects are underway across the country. It becomes necessar y in this context that Indian cities with their rich tradition and cultural heritage do not lose their unique identity in this process of transformation into smart cities. Even as smart city projects stress the need for heritage preservation there is a lot of ambiguity in how they can be integrated and used to advance urban intelligence. The technologies of the smart city have considerable potential to be used for the management and enhancement its cultural heritage and can help in the creation of a cultural infrastructure plan. This paper will examine the significance of cultural infrastructure in future cities and how it can be integrated into the city planning process of Indian cities through the study of relevant case studies from around the world.

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