scholarly journals An Overview of HIV on World AIDS Day: A Short Commentary

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. SC1-SC2
Author(s):  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infections cause a gradual decrease in CD4+ cells and these cells are an indicator of the immune system including the body’s natural defense system against pathogens and illness.1 AIDS is defined as the advanced stage of HIV infection with CD4 cell count less than 200/mm3. AIDS is characterized by immunosuppression which can result in several opportunistic infections, tumors, and cancers.

scholarly journals INFEKSI OPORTUNISTIK PADA ODHA (ORANG DENAGN HIV/AIDS) TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM ARV (Anti Retroviral) DI KOTA PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Dion Atika Framasari ◽  
Rostika Flora ◽  
Rico Januar Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Background : Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that damages the immune system and CD4 cells. The stronger the virus in destroying CD4 cells, the body has a higher risk for various types of infections and some cancers. There is no cure for HIV / AIDS, but there are several drugs that can reduce or inhibit the multiplication of HIV in the body with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Opportunistic infections (OI) are the leading cause of death in 90% of people living with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The massive increasing number of death from opportunistic infections contributes to AIDS. The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship of oportunitical infections in PLWHA on arvs compliance within palembang city Method : This research was an observational study, with a cross sectional study design on februari until maret 2020. Data samples of 235 People with Hiv and Aids (PLWHA)  in Palembang were chosen by purposive random sampling. Results: The results showed that the proportion of adherence ARV in Palembang was 83%. respondents found 83% were male, age ranged between age 26-45 years as much as 72.3% with the most high school education 48.9%, entrepreneurs 34.5% and 54% are single. There is no significant relationship between opportunistic infections (OIs) experienced by PLWHAs against ARV compliance in the city of Palembang with (Pvalue 0.381;OR:0,675;95%CI: 0.328-1.392). There are as many as 62% of PLWHA who have comorbidities in the form of pulmonary TB out of all who have OIs Conclution : opportunitis infections (OIs) are not associated with ARV compliance, pulmonary tuberculosis is an opportunitis infection that was found in many of these studies Keyword : relationship; adherence; antiretroviral; ARV; HIV;AIDS; oportunistik infections; IO; pulmonary TB       ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah virus yang merusak sistem kekebalan dan sel CD4. Semakin kuat virus dalam menghancurkan sel CD4, tubuh memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk berbagai jenis infeksi. Tidak ada obat untuk HIV / AIDS, tetapi ada beberapa obat yang dapat mengurangi atau menghambat multiplikasi HIV dalam tubuh dengan terapi antiretroviral (ARV). Infeksi oportunistik (OI) adalah penyebab utama kematian pada 90% orang yang hidup dengan AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Meningkatnya jumlah kematian karena infeksi oportunistik berkontribusi pada AIDS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan infeksi oportunistik terhadap kepatuhan minum ARV pada Orang Dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) di kota palembang   Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional, dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2020. Sampel data dari 235 ODHA di Palembang dipilih secara purposive random sampling. Hasil: Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa proporsi kepatuhan terhadap ARV di Palembang adalah 83%. sebanyak 83% adalah laki-laki, usia berkisar antara usia 26-45 tahun sebanyak 72,3% dengan pendidikan sekolah tinggi 48,9%, mayoritas Wiraswasta 34,5% dan 54% berstatus  lajang.Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi oportunistik (IO) yang dialami oleh Odha dengan kepatuhan ARV di kota Palembang dengan (Pvalue 0,381; OR: 0,675; 95% CI: 0,328-1,392). Ada sebanyak 62% ODHA yang memiliki penyakit penyerta berupa TB paru dari semua yang memiliki IO Kesimpulan: infeksi oportunistik (IO) tidak terkait dengan kepatuhan ARV, TB paru adalah infeksi oportunistik yang ditemukan dalam banyak penelitian ini. Kata kunci: hubungan; ketaatan; antiretroviral; ARV; HIV; AIDS; infeksi oportunistik; IO; TB paru

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

4. HIV

2015 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Marta L. Wayne ◽  
Benjamin M. Bolker
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Its transmission is by exchange of bodily fluids. HIV can only enter immune cells with the surface protein gp120. The virus can hide in these cells for many years before it is activated, although it can be transmitted throughout this period. Once activated, the virus begins to replicate, ultimately causing the immune system of the infected person to collapse making them vulnerable to opportunistic infections. ‘HIV’ describes how evolutionary biology has been used to clarify the origins of the epidemic. The rapid mutation rates and recombination that make HIV very hard to treat are also explained. Despite these challenges, a regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART), developed in the mid 1990s, is extraordinarily effective against HIV.

scholarly journals Immunological memory and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pathogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1395) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitinder Kaur ◽  
Michael Rosenzweig ◽  
R. Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus results in profound perturbations in immunological memory, ultimately resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). W e have used rhesus macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a model to understand better the effects of AIDS virus infection on immunological memory. Acute infection with SIV resulted in significant deficits in CD4 + helper responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) as well as CMV–specific cytotoxic T–lymphocyte and neutralizing antibody responses. Reactivation of CMV was associated with high levels of SIV replication and suppression of both T–helper and cytotoxic responses to CMV . We have also studied the effects of SIV infection on T–cell turnover in non–human primates. T–cell turnover was evaluated using the nucleoside analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in combination with five–colour flow cytometric analysis. T cells in normal animals turned over at relatively rapid rates, with memory cells turning over more quickly than naive cells. In SIV–infected animals, the labelling and elimination rates of both CD4 + and CD8 + BrdU–labelled cells were increased by two– to threefold compared with normal controls. Further analysis of immunological memory in nonhuman primates should offer the opportunity to extend immunological insights from murine models to the pathogenesis and prevention of AIDS.

Experience of our first-ever living donor liver transplantation in HIV-positive patient: Report from developing country with literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Husnain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Specific Illness

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the gravest health challenges worldwide in the present era as it has been for the past 4 decades. HIV has always been a sort of stigma and most clinicians are reluctant to perform liver transplantation for chronic liver disease patients with HIV co-infection. Patients with CD4+ cell count >100/ml along with suppressed mRNA levels on PCR, stable HAART regimen, and absence of any AIDS-specific illness or opportunistic infections are the requirements for selecting HIV-positive recipients for liver transplantation.

Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV

2022 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Manon Chauvin ◽  
Delphine Sauce
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Massive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).

scholarly journals Reduction of CD4 count induces opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashed Noor ◽  
Md. Morsalin ◽  
Bidhan Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lentivirus (member of the retrovirus family) causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), weakens the immune system of the body and hence associates different opportunistic infections. Present study undertook a survey on opportunistic infections. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from both HIV carriers (CD4 count more than 250/mL of blood) and AIDS patients (CD4 count less than 250/mL of blood). Results: Analyses of the data revealed that diarrhoea, pulmonary tuberculosis, gland tuberculosis, skin lesions and fever were the common opportunistic infections. Conclusion: It can be summarized that HIV infected patients having a reduced CD4 count (<250/mL) encounter different opportunistic infections and some of these infections could be continual for long as well. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19151 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(3) 2014 p.285-291

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document