scholarly journals NSAID-induced enteropathy: the current state of the problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Svistunov ◽  
M A Osadchuk ◽  
N V Kireeva ◽  
A A Hudarova ◽  
E E Achkasov
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nsaid Enteropathy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The review analyzes the main etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of NSAID-enteropathy. Particular attention is paid to the role of intestinal microbiota in the manifestation and progression of NSAID-enteropathy. The special role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of NSAIDs enteropathy is considered.

The role of carotenoids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease – Current state of knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kulczyński ◽  
Anna Gramza-Michałowska ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
Dominik Kmiecik
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals The role of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 795-805
Author(s):  
Apolonia Stefaniak ◽  
Karolina Janion ◽  
Beata Stanuch
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization

Depression is a mental disorder with a high prevalence. According to World Health Organization, it is a frequent cause of disability and the leading cause of suicide, with its risk increasing with age. The disorder is commonly diagnosed in patients with acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Depression is typically accompanied by weakened T cell-mediated immunity, as well as abnormal secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the resulting imbalance between them. The current developments in the field include a link established between depression and changes in intestinal microflora, suggested by numerous trials involving animals and also a small number of studies conducted on people. This paper is a review of the publications regarding the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression found in PubMed and Web of Science repositories. The results of studies published over the last decade confirm the significance of intestinal microbiota for the pathophysiology of depression. One of the ways in which intestinal microbiota may impact the development of depression is the response of the innate immunity system to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting with the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The modifications of gut microflora have also been linked to changes in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis, in the metabolism of tryptophan, (which is a serotonin substrate) and in neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Even though the results cited in this review seem promising, our current state of knowledge in this respect remains far from satisfactory, warranting further investigation into the potential of bacteria for supplementing the pharmacological therapy of depression.

scholarly journals Regulating Intestinal Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xin Chi ◽  
Calvin Q. Pan ◽  
Shunai Liu ◽  
Danying Cheng ◽  
Ziwen Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Induced Changes

When alcohol-related liver disease occurs, the number and composition ratio of intestinal microorganisms will accordingly change. The alcohol-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in the process of developing the alcohol-related liver disease through the translocation of microbial products due to increased intestinal permeability. In recent years, therapeutic interventions with a concentration on regulating intestinal microbiota have been conducted for patients with alcohol-related liver disease. We aimed to provide a critical review and updates on the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease through regulating intestinal microbiota. A literature search was performed on the PubMed database for studies published in English about the therapeutic intervention with microbiota using animal models and patients with alcohol-related liver disease (1/2010–4/2020). The accumulating pieces of evidence suggest that the therapeutic use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, phages, or fecal microbial transplantation may have several influences on alcohol-related liver disease patients. Emergent data unveiled that these interventions can further regulate the composition of intestinal microbiota, minimize the negative impact of microbiota on the liver, and prevent disease progression from mild to severe alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. The current review provides updates on the advances of therapeutic interventions with the effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on patients who have alcohol-related liver disease. In addition, the data gaps and research directions on further exploration of the role of intestinal microbiota for the management of the alcohol-related liver disease are also discussed.

scholarly journals Does Gut-Microbiome Interaction Protect against Obesity and Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zawada ◽  
Anna Maria Rychter ◽  
Alicja Ewa Ratajczak ◽  
Agata Lisiecka-Masian ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrowolska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Changes

More research has recently focused on the role of the gut microbiota in the development or course of numerous diseases, including non-communicable diseases. As obesity remains prevalent, the question arises as to what microbial changes are associated with increased obesity prevalence and what kind of prevention and treatment approaches it could provide. Moreover, the influence of the gut-brain axis on obesity is also crucial, since it can affect metabolism and food intake. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiota composition are called dysbiosis; however, in view of the current knowledge, it is difficult to conclude which microbial imbalances are adverse or beneficial. Increased numbers of pathological microorganisms were observed among patients with obesity and comorbidities associated with it, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Our review provides current knowledge regarding changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities. Nevertheless, given that dietary patterns and nutrients are two of the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota, we also discuss the role of different dietary approaches, vitamins, and minerals in the shaping of the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Current state and new trends of forensic medical examination of car injuries

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Kryvda ◽  
Valerii Voichenko ◽  
Volodymyr Mishalov ◽  
Oleksandr Hurov ◽  
Oleh Fylypchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Current State ◽  
Expert Analysis

Both forensic and complex forensic and transport-tracological examination of car trauma was and remains the most valuable source of evidence in the criminal process, both at the pre-trial investigation stage and in court. Summary. The article deals with problematic issues of forensic medical examination of car injuries, starting from the fundamental works of the last century, and up to the present day. The special role of a careful study of the nature and mechanism of inflicting bodily injuries to the victims is underlined. Particular attention is paid to a significant change in the morphology and mechanism of causing bodily injuries to victims in connection with the use in the design of a modern car of various new elements and devices that enhance human safety in road accidents. The main tendencies of development of expert analysis in cases of road accidents are listed, and the absolute necessity of cooperation between experts in different branches of knowledge (forensic doctors, transport specialists, medical forensics) during expert studies related to road accidents is proved. Conclusions.The basis of forensic medical examination in cases of various accidents has been and remains the study of the morphological features of injuries in the injured, as well as injuries and traces on clothing and footwear. 2. At the same time, new structural elements of modern cars lead to the formation of damages that differ significantly from the previously observed morphological features. 3. The most complete expert study in cases of accidents can only be done through the joint work of experts of various specialties - forensic doctors, medical forensics, transport specialists.

INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA: RELATIONSHIP TO AGE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
E. V. Treneva ◽  
N. O. Zakharova ◽  
I. G. Trukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Social Importance

In connection with the increase in life expectancy, the number of people of older age groups is increasing, and with it the age of associated diseases, which are of tremendous medical and social importance. Such diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathology. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these nosologies is widely discussed in the literature. In addition, a number of studies have shown the effectiveness of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of these diseases. The review of the literature summarizes the current understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development, prevention, and treatment of major age-related diseases.

scholarly journals Special Economic Zones in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
A.A. Rogozhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
Current State ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

The article discusses the current state and prospects for development of special economic zones (SEZ) in Southeast Asia. There is an increasing variety of forms of financing the creation and functioning of the SEZ. The role of the SEZ in the development of integration processes in Southeast Asia and the formation of regional value chains, as well as stimulating the exchange of resources, is traced. The author believes that this process is developing most intensively in the border areas of neighboring states on the Indochina Peninsula. According to the author, the Greater Mekong subregion plays a special role in the formation of such chains.

scholarly journals Methodological approach to diagnostics and pharmacological correction of stress in dogs and cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Екатерина Карелина ◽  
Ekaterina Karelina ◽  
Ксения Ганина ◽  
Kseniya Ganina ◽  
Гульнара Хакимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Correction

The problem of stress, psychological and behavioral disorders in animals gain more and more attention in the recent years. A lot of research is being held to determine pathogenetic mechanisms of stress, diagnostic approaches and methods of its treatment. This article considers the physiological, psychological and biochemical aspects of stress. The special role of brain-specific S100 protein in the stress pathogenesis is described. Authors also give methodological recommendations for veterinarians on the pharmacological correction of stress and on the use of behavioral scales for dogs and cats.

scholarly journals The Use of Nutraceuticals to Counteract Atherosclerosis: The Role of the Notch Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Aquila ◽  
Luisa Marracino ◽  
Valeria Martino ◽  
Donato Calabria ◽  
Gianluca Campo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
Notch Receptors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Prevention Of Atherosclerosis

Despite the currently available pharmacotherapies, today, thirty percent of worldwide deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whose primary cause is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder characterized by the buildup of lipid deposits on the inside of arteries. Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the processes underlying atherosclerosis, and evidence has been accumulating for the crucial role of Notch receptors in regulating the functions of the diverse cell types involved in atherosclerosis onset and progression. Several classes of nutraceuticals have potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and CVDs, some of which could in part be due to their ability to modulate the Notch pathway. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of Notch in vascular health and its modulation by nutraceuticals for the prevention of atherosclerosis and/or treatment of related CVDs.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding, diagnosing and treating venous thrombosis

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Noel C Chan ◽  
Jeffrey I Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Novel Approaches

Focusing on the current state of the art, this article (a) describes recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), (b) discusses current approaches for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of VTE, (c) outlines the role of aspirin for VTE prevention and treatment, and (d) highlights the unmet needs in VTE management and describes novel approaches to address them.

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