scholarly journals Preserving and Transmitting the Teachings of the Thariqah 'Alawiyyah: Diasporic Ba 'Alawi female preachers in contemporary Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
Fatimah Husein
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Religious Transmission ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Within academic discussions of Indonesia’s Hadhrami diaspora, women’s voices have often escaped scholarly attention. This paper focuses on the changing roles of three contemporary Indonesian Ba ‘Alawi female preachers, in Jakarta, Surabaya and Solo, with regard to their endeavors in preserving and transmitting the teachings of the Thariqah ‘Alawiyyah, a Sufi path that is traditionally reserved for men and which was established by the founding ancestor of the Ba ‘Alawi, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad named Muhammad b. ‘Ali ‘Alawi (d. 1255). While many important studies focus on the Hadhrami diaspora in Southeast Asia, and particularly on the role of male religious authorities, there is a dearth of research that takes the role of female actors seriously. This article presents a more complex picture of female Ba ‘Alawi religious teachers, highlighting similarities between them, but also the differences. It argues that the intellectual legacies, spiritual engagements and genealogical connections that these female preachers enjoy have enabled them also to assume the roles of preservers and transmitters of the teachings of the thariqah. In doing so, they inform the dynamics of religious transmission spearheaded by Hadhramis in Indonesia today.

The State versus the People

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rendle
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
State Control ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The Military

This book provides the first detailed account of the role of revolutionary justice in the early Soviet state. Law has often been dismissed by historians as either unimportant after the October Revolution amid the violence and chaos of civil war or even, in the absence of written codes and independent judges, little more than another means of violence. This is particularly true of the most revolutionary aspect of the new justice system, revolutionary tribunals—courts inspired by the French Revolution and established to target counter-revolutionary enemies. This book paints a more complex picture. The Bolsheviks invested a great deal of effort and scarce resources into building an extensive system of tribunals that spread across the country, including into the military and the transport network. At their peak, hundreds of tribunals heard hundreds of thousands of cases every year. Not all ended in harsh sentences: some were dismissed through lack of evidence; others given a wide range of sentences; others still suspended sentences; and instances of early release and amnesty were common. This book, therefore, argues that law played a distinct and multifaceted role for the Bolsheviks. Tribunals stood at the intersection between law and violence, offering various advantages to the Bolsheviks, not least strengthening state control, providing a more effective means of educating the population on counter-revolution, and enabling a more flexible approach to the state’s enemies. All of this adds to our understanding of the early Soviet state and, ultimately, of how the Bolsheviks held on to power.

scholarly journals Rhinocerotidae from the early Miocene of the Negev (Israel) and implications for the dispersal of early Neogene rhinoceroses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Luca Pandolfi ◽  
Ran Calvo ◽  
Ari Grossman ◽  
Rivka Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
New Records ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Early Neogene ◽  
Postcranial Remains

Abstract A revision of the rhinocerotid material from the Negev (Israel), dating back to the early Miocene (MN3 in the European Mammal Biochronology), highlights the presence of Brachypotherium and a taxon close to Gaindatherium in the Levantine corridor. A juvenile mandible, investigated using CT scanning, displays morphologically distinct characters consistent with Brachypotherium cf. B. snowi rather than with other Eurasian representatives of this genus. Some postcranial remains from the Negev, such as a humerus, display features that distinguish it among Miocene taxa. We attribute these postcrania to cf. Gaindatherium sp., a taxon never recorded outside the Siwaliks until now. This taxon dispersed into the Levantine region during the late early Miocene, following a pattern similar to other South Asian taxa. Brachypotherium cf. B. snowi probably occurred in the Levantine region and then in North Africa during the early Miocene because its remains are known from slightly younger localities such as Moghara (Egypt) and Jebel Zelten (Libya). The occurrence cf. Gaindatherium sp. represents a previously unrecorded range expansion out of Southeast Asia. These new records demonstrate the paleogeographic importance of the Levantine region showcasing the complex role of the Levantine corridor in intercontinental dispersals between Asia and Europe as well as Eurasia and Africa.

scholarly journals Will the Consequences of Covid-19 Trigger a Redefining of the Role of Transport in the Development of Sustainable Tourism?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Marek Więckowski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Sustainable Utilisation ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Critical Overview

As there are very marked relationships between tourism and transport, integrated knowledge of these processes is essential if destinations and tourism enterprises are to be developed, an effective tourism policy pursued, and emerging local and global issues and conflicts surrounding tourism resolved. Beyond this, in an era of huge change reflecting the consequences of the COVID-19 viral pandemic, the importance of sustainable transport in tourism’s sustainable development appears to be of critical importance. Adopting this kind of perspective, this paper seeks to achieve a critical overview of conceptual dimensions of sustainability that link up with tourism and transport. To this end, ideas based on the literature and previous discussions are extended to include certain new propositions arising out of a (hopefully) post-COVID-19 world. Proceeding first with a systematic literature review (SLR), this article discusses the importance of transport to the development of tourism, dealing critically with modes of transport and their changing roles in sustainable development under COVID and post-COVID circumstances. The author summarises likely new way(s) of thinking in the aftermath of the pandemic, with the need for this/these to be far more sustainable and responsible, and characterised by a reorientation of behaviour in a “green” direction. It is further concluded that three aspects of transport–tourism relations will prove crucial to more sustainable utilisation—i.e., proximity, slower and less energy-intensive travel, and green transport.

Shame and Honor: Aristotle’s Thumos as a Basic Desire

Apeiron ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Victor Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Exemplars ◽  
Virtuous Agent ◽  
Rational Desire ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Rational Motivation

Abstract One of three basic types of desire, claims Aristotle, is thumos (‘spirit,’ ‘passion,’ ‘heart,’ ‘anger,’ ‘impulse’). The other two are epithumia (‘appetite’) and boulêsis (‘wish,’ ‘rational desire’). Yet, he never gives us an account of thumos; it has also received relatively little scholarly attention. I argue that thumos has two key features. First, it is able to cognize what I call ‘social value,’ the agent’s own perceived standing relative to others in a certain domain. In human animals, shame and honor are especially important manifestations of social value. Second, thumos provides non-rational motivation to pursue what affirms the agent’s social value and avoid what denies it. Interpretations that hold thumos just is anger, or that its object is the fine (kalon), I argue, are mistaken. My account also explains the role of thumos in moral education. In a virtuous agent thumos will be affectively attuned to the correct social rankings; it will take the practically wise, the lovers of the fine, or moral exemplars, as authorities.

The Role of Congress in the Development of a Responsible American Policy Toward Angola

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Bender
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
American Policy

In addition to our discussions today of the current situation in Angola, I would like to direct my remarks to the question of what role, if any, the United States should play with regard to Angola, and concretely, how the Congress can assist in the formulation and execution of a responsible American policy toward Angola. We have all learned a number of important lessons from recent revelations about the conduct of American policy in Southeast Asia, about Government coverups such as Watergate, corporate bribery of foreign officials and political parties, and about the illegal and unacceptable activities of the CIA as described in the Rockefeller Commission report and elsewhere. Certainly we can apply some of these lessons to our present consideration of U.S. policy toward Angola; hopefully we will learn the vital facts and ask the necessary questions now, rather than, as has too often been the case, after the fact.

scholarly journals With a little help from my family: A mixed-method study on the outcomes of family support and workload

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lo Presti ◽  
Fulvia D’Aloisio ◽  
Sara Pluviano
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Job Roles ◽  
Kinship Support ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Method Approach

Our aim was to investigate some predictors and outcomes of family-to-work enrichment (FWE) via a mixed-method approach. We sampled 447 married employees of an Italian factory. Survey results from Study 1 showed that emotional support from family positively predicted FWE, while this latter mediated the associations between the former on one side, and work engagement and life satisfaction on the other. Moreover, extra-household support directly associated positively with life satisfaction. Evidence from 20 anthropological in-depth interviews (Study 2) returned a more complex picture, highlighting the gendered role of partners inside couples, the importance of kinship support, the sense and the value of filiation and parenthood in their connection with job roles, the complex and continuous interplay between family and life domains. In combination, results from both studies stressed the importance of family support; additionally, evidences from Study 2 suggested that FWE could be better understood taking into account crossover dynamics and the compresence of work-to-family enrichment and conflict. In sum, these studies contributed to shed light on FWE dynamics, an under-researched topic in Italy, whose knowledge could be of great empirical and practical value.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF TAUHID TASAWUF STUDY COUNCIL IN PREACHING THE TAWHÎD AND TASHAWWUF IN ACEH, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Interactive Model

<strong>Abstract:</strong> Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid Tasawuf (MPTT)-The Council for the Study of <em>Taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> and <em>Tashawwuf</em>- is a religious institution which in principally related the aspects of<em> taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> and <em>tashawwuf</em> initiated by <em>sûfî</em> Shaykh Haji Amran Wali al-Khalidy. The primary aim of this institution is to preach the teachings of monotheism and Sufism in the midst of society. Even though its teaching is not accepted by all segment of societies, MPTT continues to diffuse its teachings, even to several countries in Southeast Asia. This research is a qualitative study to critically examine the existence of the MPTT in terms of<em> taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd </em>and <em>tashawwuf</em> in Aceh. The data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation which then analyzed using Analysis Interactive Model. The results showed that MPTT plays an important role in bringing positive changes to Acehnese society both in the fields of worship and morals. MPTT is able to propagate Sufism teachings by balancing the world’s issues and the hereafter.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> MPTT roles, preaching, teaching of <em>taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> and <em>tashawwuf</em>, Aceh

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