RETHINKING HOWARD M. FEDERSPIEL’S THESIS ON THE CONFLICT BETWEEN PERSATUAN ISLAM VS PERMOEFAKATAN ISLAM

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article discusses the thesis written by Howard M. Federspiel on the conflict between Persatuan Islam (PERSIS) and Permoefakatan Islam. This present study employed the historical methods of heuristic, historical critic, interpretation, historiography to examine Federspiel’s thesis by pointing out the new facts related to the initial history of PERSIS and its relationship with Permoefakatan Islam. It reveals that Permoefakatan Islam was not part of PERSIS. It was an entirely separate organization established in 1924 to accommodate the aspirations of the old and young generations. It was not a reaction due to presence of A. Hassan in PERSIS. PERSIS’s reformist character had always been there since its establishment as an organization, and A. Hassan’s presence emphasized this character.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Federspiel, PERSIS, Permoefakatan Islam, A. Hassan</p>

THE ROLE OF TAUHID TASAWUF STUDY COUNCIL IN PREACHING THE TAWHÎD AND TASHAWWUF IN ACEH, INDONESIA

<strong>Abstract:</strong> Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid Tasawuf (MPTT)-The Council for the Study of <em>Taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> and <em>Tashawwuf</em>- is a religious institution which in principally related the aspects of<em> taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> and <em>tashawwuf</em> initiated by <em>sûfî</em> Shaykh Haji Amran Wali al-Khalidy. The primary aim of this institution is to preach the teachings of monotheism and Sufism in the midst of society. Even though its teaching is not accepted by all segment of societies, MPTT continues to diffuse its teachings, even to several countries in Southeast Asia. This research is a qualitative study to critically examine the existence of the MPTT in terms of<em> taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd </em>and <em>tashawwuf</em> in Aceh. The data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation which then analyzed using Analysis Interactive Model. The results showed that MPTT plays an important role in bringing positive changes to Acehnese society both in the fields of worship and morals. MPTT is able to propagate Sufism teachings by balancing the world’s issues and the hereafter.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> MPTT roles, preaching, teaching of <em>taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> and <em>tashawwuf</em>, Aceh

THE IMPLICATION OF ABU TEUPIN RAYA’S THOUGHT IN TRANSFORMING ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN ACEH

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research is a study of the history of an educational figure about the implication of Islamic education related to the thoughts of Abu Teupin Raya, one of prominent educational figure from Aceh. Historical and sociological approach of knowledge were used. Meanwhile, the primary sources were the textual works of Abu Teupin Raya. Another major source was informants, those were the children of figure who were still alive and his students who had learned directly from him. Methods of data collection were done through the study of any literatures and in-depth interviews. All data collected was then selected, classified, verified systematically to the problem and the scope of the study. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by using content analysis and historical continuity method. This study found; First, the process of transformation of Islamic education in Aceh was closely linked with the historical, philosophical, and sociological foundation. Second, the idea of Islamic education which were transformed in the form of Islamic boarding institutions in Aceh had positive implications not only to the paradigm changes in the system of Islamic education but also to the management of educational institutions, financial administration system, even the curriculum and teaching methods.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Abu Teupin Raya, transforming, Islamic education, Aceh</p>

THE MEANING OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION ON THE RESILIENCE OF MUSLIM MINORITY IN BALINESE HINDUS

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The Bali bombing around two decades ago has caused deep traumatic events in the world, not only psychological, socioeconomic, and multinational effects, but also serious impacts on the relationship between the two religions: Islam and Hindusm. This study documents how Muslims as a minority group in Bali attempted to survive amidst the Hindu majority and how these two ethnic-religious groups maintain harmonious relationship after the Bali Bombing incident. This study uses a case study methods with an interpretive paradigm and qualitative approach, the aim is to shows that social pressure and discrimination has not harm the relationship between the two in that the Muslim and Hindus cooperate in the economic sector and strengthen the relationship with kinship and marriage. This effort is a way for the Muslim-Hindus to rebuild the moderation of unity which was collapsed in Bali.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Muslim-Hindus, Bali, majority-minority, relations</p>

ISLAM AND NATIONALISM: The Role of the Universitas Al Washliyah In the Era of Post Independent 1950s

<strong>Abstract</strong>: This article attempts to explore the role of Al Washliyah University in the trajectory of modern Indonesian history, especially regarding the Islamic style they developed, the Islamic scientific authority built by both scholars and their teachings. In addition, this article examines the strategic position of the university in the 1950s socio-political setting in North Sumatra. This study is a historical study with a political sociology approach by prioritizing archival records, published historical sources, and making greater use of a wide range of oral material in the form of interviews. The results of this study indicate that UNIVA has bridged and developed the two main streams of public debate since the independence era and even now, namely regarding Islam and nationality. The thoughts of the founders have strengthened the integration between Islam and nationality in a formula to build a nation and a generation. Then, this affirmation is seen as important as the main argument in this article which allows the opening of a dialogue about how the Islamic scientific tradition that was built and developed by UNIVA scholars as a foundation for Islamic educators, actors of Islamic universities in promoting democratization and nationality, creating social cohesion.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> UNIVA, Islamic higher education, Islamic authority, nationalism

DAYAH SANTRI IN ACEH: Early History and Recently Development

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article examines the early history and recent developments of dayah santri in Aceh. This research is a combination of library research and field research. The approach used in this study is a historical approach. This study proposes that the modernization of the santri is divided into two phases. The first phase of pre-modernization, modernization of Acehnese santri only recognizes the world of students wearing a kupiah (cap), sarong, balee, reciting the Koran 10-25 years ago, returning to the village, establishing a small dayah, and so on. The second phase is the modernization phase, in this phase, the students experience modernization, in which students begin to openly follow formal education from Elementary School to Higher Education (S1-S3). Santri have started to participate and compete for strategic positions in the government of the DPRA Chairperson, Head of Service, Businessman, Head of the Religious Office, Chair of Local and National Parties, and students have expanded and continued their academic education to several European countries such as England, Spain, Germany, Turky to Latin America.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> santri, education, dayah, Aceh, modernization</p>

KINSHIP PRACTICE OF TOBA BATAK MOSLEM AS A LAND CONTROL STRATEGY IN ASAHAN

<p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> <strong>Praktik Kekerabatan Batak Toba Muslim sebagai Strategi Pengendalian Lahan di Asahan.</strong> Studi ini menunjukkan pemakaian relasi kekerabatan Batak Toba Muslim sebagai strategi penghidupan bagi penguasaan tanah dalam ruang penguasaan yang ganti berganti sejak era Melayu-Islam di Asahan melalui perspektif teori praktik dari Bourdieu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode etnografi. Satuan analisis ditetapkan secara berjenjang mulai keluarga, kelompok keturunan, perkumpulan marga, serta komunitas Batak Toba pada wilayah perkampungan pedalaman Bandar Pulau, Bandar Pasir Mandoge dan Buntu Pane. Studi menemukan siasat-siasat adaptasi telah memperluas aliansi dan meningkatkan fungsi praktis kekerabatan Batak Toba dalam upaya penguasaan tanah sebagai sumber daya penghidupan terpenting sebagai satuan kekerabatan berkorporasi. Kontestasi terhadap lahan semakin rumit seiring masuknya pengaruh modal korporasi perkebunan dan kekuatan negara di perkampungan. Ketika berhadapan dengan kepentingan institusi lain yang lebih besar seperti perusahaan perkebunan dan negara dalam hal sengketa lahan, tampak siasat penggunaan jaringan marga atau kelompok keturunan menjadi terbatas fungsinya, jika dibandingkan dengan persaingan sumber daya di antara sesama keluarga Batak Toba. </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>praktik kekerabatan, strategi mata pencaharian, migrasi, Muslim Batak Toba<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This study shows the use of Toba Batak Moslem kinship relations as a livelihood strategy for land control in the changing space of power since the Malay-Islamic era in Asahan through the perspective of Bourdieu's theory of practice. The research was conducted using ethnographic methods. The analysis units are determined in stages starting from the family, descent group, clan association, and the Toba Batak community in the hinterland areas of Bandar Pulau, Bandar Pasir Mandoge and Buntu Pane. The results of the study found that adaptation strategies have expanded alliances and increased the practical function of the Toba Batak kinship in an effort to control land as the most important source of livelihood as a corporate kinship unit. Contestation of land is getting more complicated as the influence of plantation corporate capital and state power enters the village. When dealing with the interests of other larger institutions such as plantation companies and the state in terms of land disputes, it appears that the use of clan networks or descent groups is limited in function, when compared with the competition for resources among Toba Batak families. <br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> kinship practices, livelihood strategies, migration, Toba Batak Moslem</p>

PRESERVING HADITH TRADITION IN THE MODERN TIMES: Muhammad Yâsîn al-Fâdânî’s Thought on Sanad in His al-‘Ujâlah fi al-Ahâdîth al-Musalsalah

<p><strong>Abstrak: </strong><strong>Melestarikan Tradisi Hadis di Era Modern: Pemikiran Mu<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>ammad Yâsîn al-Fâdânî tentang Sanad dalam Kitab <em>al-‘Ujâlah fi al-A<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>âdîth al-Musalsalah</em></strong><em>. </em>Selepas kesempurnaan <em>tadwîn</em> (pembukuan hadis), periwayatan hadis bersanad telah berubah menjadi sekadar tradisi formalistik. Sanad hadis telah beralih fungsi daripada penentu status hadis kepada sekadar simbol keberkatan. Namun begitu, apabila kalangan reformis abad modern terlihat merendahkan kepentingan sanad, kalangan tradisionalis tetap melihat sanad dan tradisi periwayatan sebagai sesuatu yang mesti dilestarikan. Salah seorang daripada mereka ialah Mu<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>ammad Yâsîn al-Fâdânî (w. 1990), seorang ulama Nusantara yang namanya sering diiringi dengan gelaran <em>musnid al-‘ashr</em> (musnid semasa yang terulung). Artikel ini akan mengkaji pandangan beliau mengenai konsep sanad dan relevansi periwayatan hadis bersanad di abad modern. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan mengaplikasi metode analisis dokumen dan sejarah dengan penumpuan kepada buku al-Fâdânî yang bertajuk <em>al-‘Ujâlah fi al-A<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>âdîts al-Musalsalah</em>. Dengan meletakkan buku ini dalam konteks kebangkitan pemikiran Islam pada abad 14/20 dan semangat kritis terhadap tradisi, kajian ini menganalisis konsep oleh al-Fâdânî berkenaan sanad dan penggunaannya dengan memfokuskan kepada dua aspek utama yaitu kesahihan dan pelestarian tradisi. Kajian mendapati bahwa sirkulasi sanad di abad modern bukan lagi bertujuan untuk pendalilan dan pengukuhan hujah, akan tetapi sekadar untuk pelestarian tradisi dan mengharapkan keberkatan (<em>tabarruk</em>). Usaha positif ini mengandungi efek negatif berupa sikap mengambil ringan (<em>tasâhul</em>) aspek kesahihan yang berlanjut dengan periwayatan hadis-hadis lemah dan palsu. Keadaan ini mencetuskan kritikan daripada pelbagai kalangan termasuk tokoh-tokoh tradisionalis sendiri.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> hadis, sanad, <em>musalsal</em>, tabaruk, salafi<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Before long after the completion of tadwîn (hadith canonization) in the 3/9 century, hadith transmission practice had become a formalistic tradition. The function of sanad (hadith’s chain of transmission) has shifted from being the authenticity determinant into a mere symbol of consecration. While most of modern Islamic reformists seem to undervalue the sanad, traditionalists groups perceive it as one of Islamic traditions that worth preservation. One of them was Mu<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>ammad Yâsîn al-Fâdânî (d. 1990), a prominent traditionalist whose name is often preceded by the title musnid al-‘ashr (the musnid of the century). The objective of this paper is to examine al-Fâdânî’s view on sanad and its significance in modern times with special attention given to both authenticity and preservation aspects. This study applies document and historical analysis focused mainly on al-Fâdânî’s <em>al-‘Ujâlah fi al-A<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>âdîts al-Musalsalah</em>. It found that the sanad circulation in the modern period, including what is included in al-Fâdânî’s work, is not for theological or legal argument purposes. Instead, it was mainly maintained to preserve past Islamic tradition and to spread spirituality. Itcomes, however, with several negativities which draw serious criticism from both reformist and traditionalist groups.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> hadith, <em>sanad</em>, <em>musalsal</em>, <em>tabarruk</em>, salafi</p>

THE INTELLECTUAL TRADITION OF MANDAILING ULAMA IN EAST SUMATRA: Zainal Arifin Abbas, 1912-1979

<p><strong>Abstrak: </strong><strong>Tradisi Intelektual Ulama Mandailing di Sumatera Timur: Zainal Arifin Abbas, 1912-1979</strong>. Studi<strong> </strong>ini meneliti biografi, karya, gagasan dan kontribusi Zainal Arifin Abbas di Sumatera Timur. Pemikiran pendidikan Zainal Arifin Abbas di Sumatera Timur dipengaruhi oleh orang tua, guru, kolega hingga orang-orang yang ada di sekelilingnya. Studi ini meneliti biografi dan kontribusi Zainal Arifin Abbas dalam tradisi dan dinamika intelektual di Sumatera Timur. Melalui metode sosiologis-historis, temuan penelitian ini yaitu Zainal Arifin Abbas telah berkontribusi signifikan dalam bidang pendidikan. Melalui keteladanan, ia berhasil menjadi pendidik yang arif, pengagas berdirinya madrasah modern, serta penulis produktif. Ia senantiasa menunjukkan semangat dalam menuntut ilmu, mengintegrasikan ilmu, memuliakan guru, dan senantiasa memberikan pemahaman tentang urgensi pendidikan ibadah kepada masyarakat. Ia juga seorang organisatoris dan pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Mandailing, Ulama, Sumatera Timur, Zainal Arifin Abbas</p><p>Abstract: The Intellectual Tradition of Mandailing Ulama in East Sumatra: Zainal Arifin Abbas, 1912-1979. This study examines the biography, works and contributions of Zainal Arifin Abbas in East Sumatra. The intellectual activity of Zainal Arifin Abbas’s in East Sumatra is influenced by parents, teachers, colleagues and those around him. This study examines the biography and contribution of Zainal Arifin Abbas in tradition and intellectual dynamics in East Sumatra. Applying a sociological-historical method, this study establishes that Zainal Arifin Abbas have indeed contributed very significantly in the field of education. Through his personal example, he managed to become a wise educator, initiator of the founding of the modern madrasa, and at the same time a prolific writer. He always showed enthusiasm in studying, integrating knowledge, glorifying teachers, and always giving an understanding of the urgency of religious education to the community. He is also an activist and fought for Indonesian independence.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Mandailing, Ulama, East Sumatra, Zainal Arifin Abbas</p>

DODA IDI POEM AND TRANSMISSION OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM SPIRIT IN THE ACEH COMMUNITY

<strong>Abstrak</strong><strong>: </strong><strong>Syair <em>Doda Idi </em>dan Transmisi Spirit Etno-Nasionalisme pada Masyarakat Aceh</strong>. Tulisan ini membahas transmisi spirit etno-nasionalisme dalam masyarakat Aceh berdasarkan studi kasus syair doda idi. Kesarjanaan tentang Aceh kontemporer memperlihatkan tingginya komitmen etno-nasionalisme sebagai identitas sosial masyarakatnya. Tetapi sejauh ini, studi yang membahas tema tersebut belum memberi perhatian yang memadai terhadap penggunaan syair sebagai mekanisme sosial dalam reproduski dan transmisi spirit etno-nasionalisme. Berdasarkan data kualitatif yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumentasi, tulisan ini mengajukan argumen bahwa transmisi spirit etno-nasionalisme pada masyarakat Aceh lintas generasi dimulai dari mekanisme sosial yang berlangsung alam lingkup keluarga. Syair doda idi yang dilantunkan hampir setiap ibu di Aceh ketika menidurkan anak sejak masih bayi memiliki peranan signifikan dalam proses pembentukan identitas kolektif maupun etno-nasionalisme tersebut di kemudian hari. Sejalan dengan itu artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa kesadaran etno-nasionalisme yang ditransmisikan melalui syair beroperasi dalam dua kesadaran yang saling berkoneksi satu sama lain, yaitu kesadaran diskursif (<em>discursive consciousness</em>) dan kesadaran praktis (<em>practical consciousness</em>).<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> syair doda idi, identitas kolektif Aceh, etno-nasionalisme<br /> <br /><strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper discusses the transmission of ethnonationalism spirit in an Acehnese society based on the <em>doda idi</em> poem case study. The scholarship about Aceh contemporary shows the high commitment of ethnonationalism as the social identity of its people. But, the studies that discuss these themes have not given adequate attention to the use of poetry as a social mechanism in reproducing and transmitting the spirit of ethnonationalism. Based on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies, this paper proposes the argument that the transmission of the spirit of ethnonationalism in Acehnese society across generations begins with social mechanisms that take place within the scope of the family. <em>Dodas</em> poems chanted by almost every mother in Aceh when they put their children to sleep as infants have a significant role in the process of forming collective identity and ethnonationalism in the future. Correspondingly, this article concludes that ethnonationalism awareness transmitted through poetry operates in two consciousnesses that are interconnected with each other, namely; discursive consciousness and practical consciousness.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>doda idi</em> poetry, Aceh’s collective identity, ethnonationalism