scholarly journals Unequal Inclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Fabio Storino ◽  
Fábio Senne ◽  
Luciana Portilho ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose ”“ The paper aims at assessing the evolution of the digital divide in Brazil in the last decade from a multidimensional perspective, going beyond the issue of access. How have the inequalities in the use of Internet in Brazil varied through time? Methodology ”“ The paper investigates the relationship between individual socioeconomic characteristics and household characteristics, and the pattern of Internet access and use in Brazil using multivariate analysis, drawing on data from national ICT surveys between the years 2000 and 2019. Findings ”“ The results show that increasing access do not necessarily result in a more equitable adoption and use of available online resources. They highlight a persistent “digital elite” capable of a more sophisticated use of the Internet. The maintenance ”” and even the increase ”” of differences in the use of Internet is in line with part of the literature on digital inclusion. Practical Implications ”“ The study underscores the importance of developing methodological frameworks to better measure the digital divide, allowing it to be used as the independent variable in broader analyses of income inequality and access to public services, for instance. Additionally, the persistence of a "second level digital divide" in Brazil points to the need for policies that address the "digital skills gap" enabling the realization of the Internet's potential to ease social disparities. Originality ”“ Despite the existing literature on the relationship between online inequalities and other kinds of inequalities, there are still few empirical studies, especially with a multidimensional perspective.

scholarly journals Measuring the relationship between the balance of payments and the exchange rate - A case study of a group of Arab countries during the period 2000/2016-

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Abd Elouahid SERARMA ◽  
Newfel BAALOUL
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Rate System ◽  
Exchange Rate System ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Relationship

The Objective of this study is to examine the effect of exchange rate system on the balance of payments, with a case study of a group of Arab countries. First we shed light on the most important theoretical and empirical studies of exchange rate systems and their macroeconomics effects in one hand. In the other hand we study a case of six oil exporting Arab countries. To achieve this purpose we adopted a panel data and run an econometric model to examine the relationships between the variables during the period 2000 to 2016. The study concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between the exchange rate as an independent variable and the balance of payments as a dependent variable, and there is no deference in the effects of the exchange system in the study of six Arab economies.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan, Situasi, Sikap Dan Motivasi Dengan Keputusan Pembelian Laptop

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Bruno Hami ◽  
V. Ratna Inggawati
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attitude And Motivation ◽  
Economic Faculty

The study aims to obtain empirical information that knowledge, situation, attitude and motivation have positive relationship simultaneously and partially with laptop purchasing decision from students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya. Problems and hypothesis are formulated based on references and empirical studies. To test the hypothesis used regression conversion F test (linearitan) to determine whether the relationship between the dependent variable with the independent variable is linear or not. The correlation coefficient test is used to determine the size of the correlation coefficient whether significant or not. Population in this research is students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya with amount of sample counted 100 people. The end result of the study shows that the partial correlation test shows: (i) knowledge has a correlation coefficient of 0,034 with significance of 0,738 > 0,05, meaning the correlation coefficient is not significant; (ii) the situation has a correlation coefficient of 0,365 with significant 0,00 < 0,05, meaning significant correlation coefficient; (iii) attitude of having correlation coefficient 0,416 with significance 0,00 < 0,05, meaning significant correlation coefficient; and (iv) motivation has a correlation coefficient of 0,232 with a significance of 0,022 < 0,05, meaning the correlation coefficient is significant. Simultaneously, the dependent variable relation (X) with independent variable (Y) is positive with adjusted R Square (R2) of 0,428 which means that 42,8% purchase decision of laptop students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya can be explained by the four dependent variables, while the remaining 57,2% of the decision to purchase laptop students of Economic Faculty of Catholic University Darma Cendika Surabaya can be explained by other variables outside of the four dependent variables currently being studied.

Exploring the Relation Between the Digital Divide and Government's Effort to Develop E-Participation

2022 ◽  
pp. 997-1018
Author(s):  
Rosario Perez-Morote ◽  
Carolina Pontones Rosa ◽  
Esteban Alfaro Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Participation Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

According to the digital divide theory, the provision of opportunities to broaden participation in political processes pose a challenge for governments worldwide. In this research, the authors analyze the relationship between the evolution governments' effort to develop citizen e-participation in public policy—measured through the UN's e-participation index—and that of national contexts variables identified by the digital divide theory at country level, using panel data for 178 countries over the period 2008-2016. The results confirm the strong and positive connection between EPI and economic development and technological infrastructure of the countries, ageing population associated to higher life standards, as well as a negative impact of rurality, gender, and political freedom and democracy result not influential, as well as education. Some practical implications derive from the findings, contributing to explain performance differences across different national settings and identifying current inequalities that still require public action to bridge the divide.

Exploring the Relation Between the Digital Divide and Government's Effort to Develop E-Participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Rosario Perez-Morote ◽  
Carolina Pontones Rosa ◽  
Esteban Alfaro Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Participation Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

According to the digital divide theory, the provision of opportunities to broaden participation in political processes pose a challenge for governments worldwide. In this research, the authors analyze the relationship between the evolution governments' effort to develop citizen e-participation in public policy—measured through the UN's e-participation index—and that of national contexts variables identified by the digital divide theory at country level, using panel data for 178 countries over the period 2008-2016. The results confirm the strong and positive connection between EPI and economic development and technological infrastructure of the countries, ageing population associated to higher life standards, as well as a negative impact of rurality, gender, and political freedom and democracy result not influential, as well as education. Some practical implications derive from the findings, contributing to explain performance differences across different national settings and identifying current inequalities that still require public action to bridge the divide.

Antecedents of work readjustment of professional returnees: evidence from Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Hung Trong Hoang ◽  
Nga Thi Thuy Ho
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overseas Work ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing work readjustment of Vietnamese returnees who used to study and/or work in a developed country and are currently working in different positions in their home country. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected through a survey of 433 returnees using both paper-based and online surveys. Multiple regression was used to test the relationships in the model. Findings The findings show that while the length of time spent overseas, work expectations and subjective norm significantly affect work readjustment, the influences of age, gender and length of time since return on work readjustment are not supported. Practical implications The findings provide useful insights for home country government and managers of returnees developing repatriation programs that help returnees deal with the issue of poor work readjustment. Originality/value Empirical studies on cross-cultural re-entry adjustment of both self-initiated repatriates and international students are scarcely investigated. Most prior studies focused on individual factors (such as gender, age, duration in overseas and since return), research on the effect of work expectation on work readjustment is still scant. Most prior studies focused on examining the relationship between work expectation and work readjustment of company repatriates, however, this relationship in the context of returnees, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, has not been investigated. Furthermore, this study is the first to examine the influence of subjective norm on work readjustment of returnees.

scholarly journals Does Ageism Widen the Digital Divide? And Does It Vary by Gender?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Youngsun Kim ◽  
Edson Chipalo ◽  
Hee Yun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Existing literature informed that ageism might affect Internet use among older adults, further widening the digital divide among age groups. However, little empirical studies have been conducted on this topic. Our study aims to investigate (1) the current use of the Internet by gender, (2) the association between ageism and Internet use, and (3) potential gender differences. A cross-sectional data drawn from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was analyzed. Separate multiple regression analyses were conducted by gender to determine the varying impact of ageism on Internet use. We used two types of ageism (1) internal ageism (ingroup discrimination) and (2) external ageism (discrimination from external entities) to observe each type’s contribution to Internet use. About half of the sample (52% male and 54% female) reported using the Internet “daily,” while a quarter (26% male and 25% female) responded, “never/not relevant.” No significant differences between gender were found in levels of Internet use, the rates of external ageism, or the degree of internal ageism. A higher level of ageism was associated with a lower level of Internet use. Interaction effects between age groups and ageism varied across gender: external ageism had interaction effects on men’s Internet use whereas internal ageism showed significant results for women. Our findings suggest that ageism may influence Internet use and its impact differs by gender. Gender-tailored intervention strategies should be developed to help older individuals to diminish the adverse effects of ageism on Internet use.

Intelligence and job satisfaction in the USA and China

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Thompson ◽  
Samuel Lane
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate both intelligence and job satisfaction of workers in the USA and China. Each topic will be studied individually, first, to determine the relationship between intelligence and job satisfaction. The statistics between China and the USA will then be compared and contrasted to assess how different cultures will affect emotional intelligence and job satisfaction of those in the workforce. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the empirical studies on intelligence and job satisfaction was performed and used to develop a model to guide future research. Findings – There is a negative relationship between intelligence and job satisfaction in the USA, but no studies have been done to compare both constructs cross-culturally. Research limitations/implications – The proposed study can be used to gain an understanding of the relationship between intelligence and job satisfaction across different cultures. Practical implications – The link between job satisfaction and intelligence can be used by employers to determine information about other aspects of their business, such as turnover rates of productive employees. Originality/value – Although there has been some research on the relation between intelligence and job satisfaction, notably by Ganzach (1998), very little has been done across cultures.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship Between Vocabulary Knowledge and FL Speaking Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Thamer Alharthi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Research has highlighted the importance of vocabulary learning in order for L2 learners to cope with the linguistic demands of fundamental skills such as reading and listening. However, few empirical studies have investigated the relative strength of the association of a specific construct of vocabulary knowledge has on the skill of speaking. To understand more fully the practical implications of such a relationship, this paper presents empirical evidence gathered to explore a measure of productive vocabulary knowledge and the degree to which this measure correlates with and is able to predict speaking success. A cohort of 18 sophomore university learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia (SA) completed the Productive Vocabulary Levels Test (PVLT), an oral interview and a speaking task. Test scores derived from PVLT were analyzed to produce a range of descriptive statistics, which underwent correlational analyses to determine the relationship between the measure of PVLT and speaking success. Analyses revealed a consistent pattern of declining scores from the highest to the least frequent word levels. A closer examination of the data showed that the participants&rsquo; success across the five-word levels of the PVLT showed better performance on the 2,000 and 3,000-word levels, in fact, the results indicated that only these word levels made a contribution to predicting speaking scores. Based on these findings, we draw implications for vocabulary teaching contexts and provide suggestions for future studies on vocabulary and speaking link.

Resilience and transparency in social systems

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

Purpose This paper draws on the literature of cybernetics to argue that the resilience of organizations can be diminished by an unconsidered maximization of transparency and accountability. In doing so, it critically examines the concept of resilience and the relationship of resilience to neoliberalism. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual analysis of resilience is carried out at two levels. First, the use of the concepts of resilience, viability, transparency, accountability and neoliberalism is considered, together with the relationship between them. Second, the management interventions that result from the application of these related ideas are critiqued from the perspective of cybernetics and particularly of variety and black boxes. Findings It is shown that within complex social environments, the unconsidered imposition of transparency and accountability as a management strategy may constrain the resilience of the organizations and individuals rather than enhance it. The use of data analytics enhances this tendency. Research limitations/implications The theoretical analysis of the relationship between transparency and resilience offers a basis for carrying out empirical studies. Practical implications There are practical implications for organizational managers, employees and stakeholders, offering them a means of understanding the systemic threat posed by organizational design decisions which enhance transparency and accountability without taking into consideration the full range of interactions which act to maintain organizational viability. Social implications The analysis provides a rationale for resisting the imposition of social policies inspired by neoliberalism. Originality/value The bringing together of the concepts of resilience, neoliberalism, transparency and accountability, and their exposure to cybernetic analysis, provides a novel perspective on resilience, and new insights into way that organizations maintain their viability.

Toward Digital Inclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 373-394
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Anzera ◽  
Francesca Comunello
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter addresses the relationships between social inclusion and digital divide(s), mainly focusing on the conceptual frameworks that provide the basis for rethinking the relationship between technological, social, and human factors. Redefining the digital divide has deep consequences on the theoretical and empirical framework we apply to the digital divide and to the related social inclusion processes. It is widely acknowledged that the label digital divide can be partially misleading, because it is mostly emphasizing a binary dimension (haves vs. have not) and a mere technological dimension. In order to achieve a clear operational definition of the digital divide, we should avoid some misleading myths characterizing the debate and focus on the complex relationships between technological, social, and human factors (a dichotomous conceptualization, a narrow understanding of the technological factors involved, a technological deterministic approach), adopting, instead, an enabling technology approach. Therefore, the authors introduce a multilevel model for analyzing digital divides (Comunello, 2010), with a main focus on new media literacy (the model considers not only mere technology availability, but also real access, advanced reception practices, technical skills, content production, networking skills). Finally, they review some empirical methods for studying the digital divide, trying to underline how a more nuanced framework for analysing the digital divide can be adopted by empirical research.

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