scholarly journals The Trials and Significance of Nazi War Criminals and Collaborators in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Marshall
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Initial Wave ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
Post War

Following the trials of Nazi war criminals and collaborators that transpired immediately after World War II, decades passed before the trials of Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie and French collaborators Rene Bousquet and Maurice Papon. While the reason for the delayed trials differed in cause, the relevance of the trials is connected in their allowance for the resurrected testimony of survivors of German occupation and the subsequent holocaust. While the trials of Barbie, Bousquet, and Papon occurred long after the initial wave of post war convictions, their significance is compounded by the emergence of occupation and holocaust survivors that create a legal and historical record of the horrors of the Nazi regime and the function of French collaboration in its execution. 

scholarly journals Uništenje Univerzitetske biblioteke u Luvenu u Prvom svetskom ratu i njena obnova u posleratnom period = Destructon of the University of Leuven Library in First World War and its Renovation in the Post-War Period

Bosniaca ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Vesna Živković
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
University Library ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

Uništavanje biblioteka i njenih kolekcija od davnina su sastavni deo ratova i osvajačkih pohoda: od uništenja Aleksandrijske biblioteke u starom veku, jezuitskih biblioteka u Kini tokom 17. i 18. veka, Narodne biblioteke u Beogradu u Drugom svetskom ratu, Nacionalne i univerzitetske biblioteke Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu 1992. godine, pa sve do spaljivanja rukopisa u biblioteci u Timbuktuu 2013. godine. U fokusu ovog rada je uništenje Univerzitetske biblioteke u Luvenu, od strane nemačke okupacione vojske u Prvom svetskom ratu, kao i njena obnova u posleratnom periodu. = The destruction of libraries and its collections has long been an integral part of wars and conquests: from the destruction of the Library of Alexandria in the old century, Jesuit libraries in China during the 17th and 18th centuries, the National Library in Belgrade in World War II, the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo in 1992, until the manuscript was burned in the library in Timbuktu in 2013. The focus of this paper is the destruction of the University Library in Leuven by the German occupation army in First World War, as well as its restoration in the post-war period.

Conclusion

2014 ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Gerard L. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
World War ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War

The ‘Conclusion’ shows how the world was changed forever by World War II, during which around sixty million people had been killed, the majority of them civilians. There were huge losses in the Soviet Union and China, but the country most damaged was Poland. Massive destruction and economic dislocation characterized much of Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and portions of North Africa. The war and its ending also brought about enormous population movements. Countries faced massive reconstruction, the defeated had reparations to pay, and war criminals had to be dealt with. The war also provided new developments in technology and medicine, which transformed post-war life.

scholarly journals Examining the Dutch Resistance Movement During World War II

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Van Bostelen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
War Machine ◽  
Work Camps ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Work Done

This paper is an analysis of the Dutch resistance movement during World War II. During the German occupation of the Netherlands, 102,000 Dutch Jews were deported and killed, which amounted to approximately 75 percent of the pre-war Jewish population in the Netherlands. Additionally, hundreds of thousands of Dutch civilians were forced to work in German work camps to fuel the German war machine. Despite this, only 4% of Dutch citizens participated in the resistance movement. This paper will examine the roles of these resistance fighters, as well as several primary sources that demonstrate their importance and significance. It will explain that resistance work was incredibly dangerous work done by many local organizations that when combined formed a national movement. The resistance movement was recognized and encouraged by the Dutch government in exile and was viewed as a threat by the German occupiers. Ultimately, members of the resistance movement should be viewed as heroes who were willing to stand up to the evil of the Nazi regime and risk their lives for freedom.

The fate of Jews hospitalized in mental hospitals in France during World War II

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-193
Author(s):  
Yoram Mouchenik ◽  
Véronique Fau-Vincenti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Mental Hospitals ◽  
The Disabled

The fate of Jewish psychiatric patients in occupied Europe during World War II is inseparable from the fate of the disabled and mentally ill, as planned by the Nazi regime. But Jews found themselves at the confluence of eugenics, Christian anti-Judaism and Nazi racist and anti-Semitic madness. They faced the twin promise of death – both as Jews and as mentally ill. They did not escape from the euthanasia programme and, if by a miracle they survived, they disappeared into the extermination camps. The modalities of annihilation of Jewish psychiatric patients are inseparable from the forms of German occupation, which differed from country to country. In this research we focus initially on various countries in occupied Europe, and then on France.

Polish Catholic Concerns regarding the Rise of National Socialism in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-238
Author(s):  
Janina Kostkiewicz ◽  
Lucas B. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Post War ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Religious Aspects

Critical discourse regarding National Socialism was well developed during the short period of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). These critical scholarly voices remain largely unknown. This historical discourse was in effect removed from the historical record, as these voices arose from religious, cultural, and political positions that were unacceptable to the post-war communist government – features that make these voices of such interest today. In attempting to explain the rise of Nazism, most of Western scholarship after the Second World War looks back in time through the lens of what came later, primarily the Holocaust and the wider horrors of World War II. Pre-war critical discourse in Poland developed side-by-side with the rise of Nazism itself, and can therefore provide invaluable insights into the phenomenon in real time. The current article is an attempt to raise awareness in the English-speaking world of these untranslated critical voices of the religious and ‘pseudo-religious’ aspects of the rise of National Socialism.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Second World

The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.

Charles de Gaulle and European Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.

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