scholarly journals Effects of artificial photoperiod on the body colouration in the ornamental fish poecilia sphenops

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Moghan Prasad K M ◽  
Velmurugan K
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Artificial Photoperiod ◽  
Body Colouration ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Poecilia Sphenops

In Orange balloon Molly, Poecilia sphenops, the development of chronic stress due to continuous exposure to artificial LED lighting irrespective to photoperiod causes deterioration in the body colour even in the presence of carotenoid rich green water and artificial feed with added additives in the experimental fishtank setup. In the present study, the effects of continuous exposure to lighting and its consecutive development of chronic stress causes the body colouration to fade off in the freshwater ornamental live bearer, Poecilia sphenops, though the fishes were provided with colour enhancing as well as stress relievingfactors. Several trials showed that, whatever may be the colour enhancing agents provided, artificial lighting for long exposure irrelevant to the normal photoperiod remains as a strong anti-colouration as well as stress inducing factor and remains unaffected to any antagonistic factors. To conclude photoperiod is an essentialfactor to be concerned for colour enhancement in Poecilia sphenops.

First record of body colour polymorphism in giant African snail Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) - a comparative study using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Keerthy Vijayan ◽  
R. Sugantha Sakthivel ◽  
T.V. Sajeev
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
South India ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Oxidase Subunit

The presence of the body colour polymorphism in the tropical invasive pest giant African snail is reported for the first time from South India. Three different body colour polymorphs were recognised viz. grey, black and white. The grey body colour is the most common polymorph. The black and white colour polymorphs are found to be in almost equal proportions in the reported localities with the grey counterparts. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the three colour polymorphs are found to be identical. The presence of the body colour polymorphism in south India may be attributed to the avian predation and other selection pressures.

scholarly journals How the Entertaining Effects of Movies Help People to Reduce Chronic Stress and Increase Happiness

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Zhesheng (Jason) Xu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Emotional Event ◽  
Scientific Experiments

With the increasing stress from work and study that people face today, easy-to-access entertainment to release chronic stress and increase happiness would arouse more popularity. As a traditional entertainment industry, Movie is easy to access by going to the cinema or watching online, which has become an increasingly globalized business. The present research was on how the entertaining effects of movies are associated with psychological well-being. It provides a study on three film types, comedies, tearjerkers, and thrilling movies. Comic movies are usually welcome, which bring people happiness by funny plots. Moreover, many scientific experiments made before verified that people will unconsciously mimic the facial expressions of characters in comedies, which turns out to affect the experience of the same emotion of happiness through the integration between the body and brain. Tearjerkers may bring people tears. However, an experiment made by Gracˇanin, Vingerhoets, Kardum, Šantek,& Šimic´ (2015), provided evidence that after the initial deterioration of mood following crying, it takes some time for the mood, not just to recover, but also to become even less negative than before the emotional event. Per Sapolsky, R.M, scary and thrilling movies generate moderate glucocorticoid elevation, which turns out to trigger the release of dopamine from pleasure pathways and gain a sense of anticipatory pleasure. Besides the above mentioned, there are also general benefits of movies, such as social connections, a distraction from worries, and increased flow. All of those make movies good activities to reduce chronic stress and increase happiness.

scholarly journals Aberrant Lighting Causes Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice but Curcumin Ameliorates the Symptoms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Dhondup Namgyal ◽  
Kumari Chandan ◽  
Sher Ali ◽  
Ajaz Ahmad ◽  
Maha J. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lighting Systems

In the modern research field, laboratory animals are constantly kept under artificial lighting conditions. However, recent studies have shown the effect of artificial light on animal behavior and metabolism. In the present study on mice, following three weeks of housing in dim light at night (dLAN; 5lux) and complete darkness (DD; 0lux), we monitored the effect on body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior by employing the open field test, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. We also studied the effect of oral administration of different concentrations of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for three weeks in the same mice and monitored these parameters. The exposure to dLAN had significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior and body weight possibly through the altered metabolism in mice, whereas exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in weight gain. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on body weight, it ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, alteration in the light/dark cycle had a negative effect on laboratory animals on the body weight and emotions of animals. The present study identifies the risk factors associated with artificial lighting systems on the behavior of laboratory animals and the ameliorative effects of curcumin, with a focus on anxiety-like behavior.

Descriptions of five new shiny Dichaetomyia species from Madagascar (Diptera: Muscidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Eberhard Zielke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Colour

Five new species of the genus Dichaetomyia are described from Madagascar as Dichaetomyia ambrea sp. n., Dichaetomyia besseta sp. n., Dichaetomyia doubla sp. n., Dichaetomyia montea sp. n., and Dichaetomyia ranoa sp. n. The body colour of the five species is shiny metallic blue, green or violet and the colour combinations are similar to Dichaetomyia tristis (Zielke, 1972). The species, however, differ significantly from one another in other taxonomic characteristics which are commonly used in other genera to distinguish species.

Polygenic Inheritance of Background Body Colour in Hybrids of Poecilia latipinna and Poecilia sphenops

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-827
Author(s):  
B. P. Keong ◽  
S.S. Siraj ◽  
S.K. Daud ◽  
J.M. Panandam ◽  
S.A. Harmin
Keyword(s):  
Body Colour ◽  
Poecilia Latipinna ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Poecilia Sphenops

scholarly journals Temporal profiles of cortisol accumulation and clearance support scale cortisol content as an indicator of chronic stress in fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Laberge ◽  
Irene Yin-Liao ◽  
Nicholas J Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Temporal Profiles

Abstract The development of chronic stress indicators for fish is of great interest, but appropriate non-invasive methods are lagging those used in terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we explore the possibility that levels of the stress hormone cortisol in scales could be used as a chronic stress indicator. Three experiments were conducted to assess the temporal profiles of cortisol rise and fall in plasma and scales of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to stressors of varying intensity and duration. Results show that a single acute air emersion stressor does not influence scale cortisol content. In contrast, relative to plasma levels, the fall in scale cortisol content following a high-dose cortisol implant is delayed by at least 8 days, and the rise and fall in scale cortisol content in response to unpredictable chronic stress are delayed by at least 7 days. Also, scale cortisol content is spatially heterogeneous across the body surface of goldfish. Overall, since high and sustained circulating cortisol levels are needed to influence scale cortisol content and the rates of cortisol accumulation and clearance are much slower in scales than in plasma, our results show that scales can provide an integrated measure of cortisol production and serve as a chronic stress indicator.

Effects of altitude acclimatization on rat myoglobin. Changes in myoglobin content of skeletal and cardiac muscle

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Anthony ◽  
Eugene Ackerman ◽  
G. K. Strother
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Muscle Weight

Analyses were made of myoglobin content of rat skeletal and cardiac muscle following continuous exposure to simulated altitudes of 18,000 feet for a 2–10-week period. About five dozen rats were used. Acclimatization was associated with an increase in the myoglobin concentration of thigh, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and heart muscles. Total myoglobin content, however, increased during acclimatization in cardiac muscle but not in the three skeletal muscles. This finding together with the body weight changes and muscle weight changes suggested that the increases in myoglobin concentration of skeletal muscle may be merely a reflection of a decreased water content of muscles.

scholarly journals Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-chen Yao ◽  
Ling-bing Meng ◽  
Meng-lei Hao ◽  
Yuan-meng Zhang ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Systemic Reaction ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Signal Pathways

Chronic stress refers to the non-specific systemic reaction that occurs when the body is stimulated by various internal and external negative factors over a long time. The physiological response to chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, research has confirmed the correlation between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Chronic stress is pervasive during negative life events and may lead to the formation of plaque. Several epidemiological studies have shown that chronic stress is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease and for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease. One possible mechanism for this process is that chronic stress causes endothelial injury, directly activating macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and generating the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This mechanism involves numerous variables, including inflammation, signal pathways, lipid metabolism and endothelial function. The mechanism of chronic stress in atherosclerosis should be further investigated to provide a theoretical basis for efforts to eliminate the effect of chronic stress on the cardiocerebral vascular system.

scholarly journals Culinary Medicine and Nature: Foods That Work Together

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
John La Puma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Culinary Medicine ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Culinary medicine is a new evidence-based field in medicine that blends the art of food and cooking with the science of medicine. Intended to be of constructive use to clinicians, patients, and families, this column covers 10 practical ways for eaters to enjoy preparing and choosing foods, meals, and beverages that work to prevent and treat disease and to enhance one’s own natural ability to stay and get well. The column also identifies mechanisms by which food and beverages work in the body as culinary medicine. The column identifies what-to-look-for “chef’s secrets” for choosing fruits and vegetables at the peak of flavor in your own garden, in supermarkets, and in farmer’s markets. Edible flowers, herbs, and spices with special culinary medical value are also described, as are essential ways to choose and also, when necessary, avoid them. Finally, the corporate and professional office is described as an ideal site for nature-based stress reduction and burnout reversal, in which both culinary medicine and the power of nature can be used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic stress.

scholarly journals The Colours of Ophiocomina Nigra (Abildgaard): I Colour Variation and its Relation to Distribution

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distinct Difference ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
General Body ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Geographical Difference ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Colour Patterns

The ophiuroid, Ophiocomina nigra, is noted for its variability of colour, a phenomenon most pronounced where the species also has its greatest distribution in depth. Observations have been made on two geographically distinct populations, from the vicinities of Millport and Plymouth. The body colour of the observed animals ranges in a continuously graded series from black to orange-yellow. While both populations exhibit analogous variations, there is a distinct difference in the range and tone of coloration which each displays. It is suggested that this geographical difference is correlated in some degree with differences in colour tone of the substratum. It was observed that the incidence of light-coloured phases in each population increased with increasing depths, and some statistical evidence supports this conclusion. Thus, at least two factors, depth and substratum, may affect the distribution of colour variations in O. nigraIn addition to the variations in general body colour, there are two distinct colour patterns found on the disk. These are probably truly polymorphic and may be of cryptic value.A scheme of colour classification is described which facilitates observations in the field and in the laboratory.

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