scholarly journals The excavation of the Roman villa in Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead, 1963-8

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
History Of

This is an account of excavations of the Roman villa in Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead, which took place in 1963–8. It describes the history of a villa from its simple beginnings in the first century A.D. to its heyday in the fourth century when the owner could boast one of the largest villa bath houses and a bathing pool comparable in size to the Great Bath at Bath. In the mid-fourth century disaster struck. The coin evidence shows that the villa came to an abrupt end and that in or about A.D. 353 it may have been demolished as a result of reprisals against the owner for his support of the rebellion by Magnentius.

Phoenicia in the Roman Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Julien Aliquot
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Traditions

This chapter traces the history of Phoenicia from the advent of Rome in Syria at the beginning of the first century bce to the foundation of the Christian empire of Byzantium in the fourth century ce. It focuses on the establishment of Roman rule and its impact on society, culture, and religion. Special attention is paid to the establishment of Roman rule and its impact on society, culture, and religion. The focus is on provincial institutions and cities, which provided a basis for the new order. However, side trails are also taken to assess the flowering of Hellenism and the revival of local traditions in the light of the Romanization of Phoenicia and its hinterland.

scholarly journals Mogontiacum: czynniki rozwoju

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Mrozewicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Military Base ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Real City

The history of Mogontiacum spans the period from 17/16 BCE to the end of the fourth century CE. It was a strong military base (with two legions stationed there in the first century) and a major settlement centre, though without municipal rights. However, the demographic and economic development, as well as the superior administrative and political status enabled Mogontiacum to transform – in socio-economic and urbanistic terms – into a real city. This process was crowned in the latter half of the third century with the construction of the city walls.

Virtutes apostolorum:Origin, Aim, and Use

Traditio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 57-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Rose
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Collective Representation ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
History Of

The history of Christianity shows roughly two ways of remembering the apostles: as acollegiumof twelve and as individual authorities or saints. In the earliest centuries, the reference to Christ's disciples as a group predominates. Both in the visual arts and in writing, “the twelve” are undiscriminated, forming a collective representation of testimony to Christian teaching. Prescriptive writings from the first four centuries dealing with matters of ecclesiastical organization, doctrine, and worship may serve as an example, such as the first-century document entitled “Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles,” better known asDidache, and the second- to fourth-century related sourcesDoctrina apostolorum, Didascalia apostolorum, andConstitutiones apostolicae.

scholarly journals Enchanted Archive: Influence, Dissemination, and Media Transformation in Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”

2008 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Roman Sympos1
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
First Century ◽  
The West ◽  
West Wind ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Transmission ◽  
Founding Myth

Abstract In “Ode to the West Wind” Percy Shelley represents the instability of the archive and the tenuousness of literary transmission through allusions, via Dante’s Divine Comedy and Virgil’s Aeneid, to a formative period in the history of the book: the period from roughly the first century BCE to the fourth century CE when the classical volumen or scroll was giving way to the codex of cut and sewn pages or “leaves.” By registering the poet’s own anxieties over the survival of his poetry and the perils of fragmentary dissemination through the image of “leaves dead” by which his two great precursors imagined the afterlives of departed souls, Shelley’s prophetic ode speaks to our own anxieties over the possibility of archival displacement and dispersion in a digital age while reaching back two millennia to the re-establishment of state religion, transformations in writing practices, and the founding myth of the Cumaen Sybil in Augustan Rome.

Science Wars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Fourth Century Bce ◽  
Science Wars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Science

What do scientists actually know and what do they know about? Answers to these questions are crucial not only for our understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge, but also for the formulation of effective science-based public policies, from global warming and energy to biotechnology and nanoscience. There is a lack of convincing answers to these questions because of an illogical conflation within modern science of epistemology and ontology, seeking to transcend experience and produce knowledge of reality using experience itself. Attempts at explaining the nature of scientific knowledge from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries reveal that scientific reasoning has selectively employed deduction and induction, rationalism and empiricism, the universal and the particular, and necessity and contingency as if these opposites were compatible. As Thomas Kuhn showed, the history of science belies the definitive truth of ontological claims deduced from theories and, as a corollary, the definitive truth of theories themselves. Science Wars reviews the competing conceptions of scientific knowledge from Plato and Aristotle in the fourth century BCE to the “science wars” of the 1990s and provides thought-provoking analyses for understanding scientific thought in the twenty-first century.

ULVS XX: First Report on the Pottery

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Dore
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
First Report ◽  
Full Report ◽  
History Of

This report deals only with the fine pottery since it is this material which provides, in the first instance, the dating for the sites in the survey area. A full report on all the pottery is in preparation.The fifth season of the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey was completed at the end of October 1989. The work of the first three seasons resulted in the development of a model for the socio-economic hierarchy in the area of the Valleys. Two particular types of site (the Farms known as Opus Africanum farms and the Gsur) were considered to be the sites which dominated this hierarchy during different periods of the history of the area. On the basis of the pottery evidence, we established that the Opus Africanum farms were associated with the early period and the Gsur with the later period; there was some indication of decline from around the end of the fourth century.The aim of the two most recent seasons was to examine particular examples of these two types of site. In 1984 an Opus Africanum farm was examined situated in Wadi el Amud; its occupation began in the second half of the first century AD. Most recently, in 1989, two areas were examined, and these were chosen for research because of the possibility that they were only occupied in the late period: firstly, Wadi Buzra which flows into Wadi Mimoun and secondly Wadi Umm el Kharab which flows into Wadi Nafad.

scholarly journals Creating the Ancient Rhetorical Tradition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Viidebaum
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
Pivotal Moments ◽  
Dionysius Of Halicarnassus ◽  
Fourth Century Bce ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Persuasive Speech

This book explores the history of rhetorical thought and examines the gradual association of different aspects of rhetorical theory with two outstanding fourth-century BCE writers: Lysias and Isocrates. It highlights the parallel development of the rhetorical tradition that became understood, on the one hand, as a domain of style and persuasive speech, associated with the figure of Lysias, and, on the other, as a kind of philosophical enterprise which makes significant demands on moral and political education in antiquity, epitomized in the work of Isocrates. There are two pivotal moments in which the two rhetoricians were pitted against each other as representatives of different modes of cultural discourse: Athens in the fourth century BCE, as memorably portrayed in Plato's Phaedrus, and Rome in the first century BCE when Dionysius of Halicarnassus proposes to create from the united Lysianic and Isocratean rhetoric the foundation for the ancient rhetorical tradition.

Between Specters of War and Visions of Peace

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Democracies

This book examines how ideas of war and peace have functioned as organizing frames of reference within the history of political theory. It interprets ten widely read figures in that history within five thematically focused chapters that pair (in order) Schmitt and Derrida, Aquinas and Machiavelli, Hobbes and Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche, and Thucydides and Plato. The book’s substantive argument is that attempts to establish either war or peace as dominant intellectual perspectives obscure too much of political life. The book argues for a style of political theory committed more to questioning than to closure. It challenges two powerful currents in contemporary political philosophy: the verdict that premodern or metaphysical texts cannot speak to modern and postmodern societies, and the insistence that all forms of political theory be some form of democratic theory. What is offered instead is a nontraditional defense of the tradition and a democratic justification for moving beyond democratic theory. Though the book avoids any attempt to show the immediate relevance of these interpretations to current politics, its impetus stems very much from the current political circumstances. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century , a series of wars has eroded confidence in the progressively peaceful character of international relations; citizens of the Western democracies are being warned repeatedly about the threats posed within a dangerous world. In this turbulent context, democratic citizens must think more critically about the actions their governments undertake. The texts interpreted here are valuable resources for such critical thinking.

The Property Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
Core Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

What is property, and why does our species happen to have it? The Property Species explores how Homo sapiens acquires, perceives, and knows the custom of property, and why it might be relevant for understanding how property works in the twenty-first century. Arguing from some hard-to-dispute facts that neither the natural sciences nor the humanities—nor the social sciences squarely in the middle—are synthesizing a full account of property, this book offers a cross-disciplinary compromise that is sure to be controversial: All human beings and only human beings have property in things, and at its core, property rests on custom, not rights. Such an alternative to conventional thinking contends that the origins of property lie not in food, mates, territory, or land, but in the very human act of creating, with symbolic thought, something new that did not previously exist. Integrating cognitive linguistics with the philosophy of property and a fresh look at property disputes in the common law, this book makes the case that symbolic-thinking humans locate the meaning of property within a thing. The provocative implications are that property—not property rights—is an inherent fundamental principle of economics, and that legal realists and the bundle-of-sticks metaphor are wrong about the facts regarding property. Written by an economist who marvels at the natural history of humankind, the book is essential reading for experts and any reader who has wondered why people claim things as “Mine!,” and what that means for our humanity.

The Gospel as Manuscript

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Keith
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Early History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Material History

This book offers a new material history of the Jesus tradition. It shows that the introduction of manuscripts to the transmission of the Jesus tradition played an underappreciated but crucial role in the reception history of the tradition that eventuated. It focuses particularly on the competitive textualization of the Jesus tradition, whereby Gospel authors drew attention to the written nature of their tradition, sometimes in attempts to assert superiority to predecessors, and the public reading of the Jesus tradition. Both these processes reveal efforts on the part of early followers of Jesus to place the gospel-as-manuscript on display, whether in the literary tradition or in the assembly. Building upon interdisciplinary work on ancient book cultures, this book traces an early history of the gospel as artifact from the textualization of Mark in the first century until the eventual usage of liturgical reading as a marker of authoritative status in the second and third centuries and beyond. Overall, it reveals a vibrant period of the development of the Jesus tradition, wherein the material status of the tradition frequently played as important a role as the ideas about Jesus that it contained.

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