scholarly journals Evaluation of Economic Consequences of Anthropogenic Pollution of Water Objects (On the Example of Vyalivsky Reservoir

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Purpose. Eco-toxicological assessment of surface water and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir and based on the results of experimental studies on the influence of anthropogenic pollution on the livelihoods of fodder organisms, to calculate the damage caused to water bodies by the indicator of decrease of bio-productivity on the example of Vyalivsky reservoir. Methods. Biotesting of water samples was carried out using zooplankton (Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg) and zoobenthos - insect larvae (Chironomus dorsalis Meig.) as a test facility for fodder organisms for fish. For estimation of losses caused for Vyalivsky reservoir we used methodology for calculating the amount of compensation for damage caused to the fishery as a result of violations of legislation on the protection, use and reproduction of aquatic biological resources. Results According to the results of determination of the toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments, damages caused to Vyalivsky reservoir were calculated on the indicator of decrease in fish productivity as a result of the death of fodder organisms for fish. Conclusions The toxicological studies of surface waters and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir have revealed the presence of toxic properties of the investigated objects, which may result in the reduction of biomass of fodder organisms of aboriginal species of fish in a given reservoir.

scholarly journals Economic Implications of Anthropogenic Water Pollution ( by Using Pechenizky Reservoir as an Example)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Test Organisms

Purpose. The purpose is to study and analyse up-to-date publications related to the study of pollution of water bodies by organic and inorganic substances, which deals with the correlation of fish productivity reduction due to the fodder organisms death. Based on the experimental studies results on the anthropogenic pollution impact on the livelihoods of fodder organisms, we have calculated the losses caused by water body pollution by using the indicator of bioproductivity decrease (using the Pechenizky reservoir as an example). Methods. To obtain data for calculating the damage caused to the Pechenizky reservoir by using the commercial fish catches indicator that use zooplankton and zoobenthos as natural feeds, we have performed toxicological study of water samples that were selected on four different hydrographic and morphological features of the Pechenizky reservoir. Biotesting of water samples was carried out by using zooplankton (Daphnia Magna Straus) and zoobenthos - insect larvae (Chironomus dorsalis Meig.) as a test-organisms for fodder organisms for fish. Results. The potential causes and consequences of the reduction of the natural forage base for the ichthyofauna are identified by ecological and toxicological assessment of the level of danger of the habitat of the main species of fodder organisms - zooplankton and zoobenthos representatives. The damages caused to Pechenizky reservoir by the indicator of reduction of catches of three species of fish (carp, bream, crucian carp) as a result of the fodder organisms death and the size of the damage to the Pechenizky reservoir by the indicator of reduction of catches of commodity fish (in value form) were calculated. Conclusions. It is shown that as a result of pollution of the reservoir, heavy metals accumulation in fodder organisms is observed and there is a chronic cumulative toxicosis, which leads to their death. In this connection, one of the main factors of reducing the catch of such species of fish as crucian carp, carp, bream and others, is the reduction of fodder organisms biomass, in particular, zooplankton and zoobenthos representatives.

scholarly journals Monitoring of surface water and bottom sediments at the area of the gas transportation objects in the cryolithozone

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Ganova ◽  
O. V. Skopintseva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Low Levels

This paper presents a program of observation of the surface water and bottom sediments. In accordance with existing regulatory requirements, these elements are directly connected, which allows determination of the water loss and the level of geochemical contamination of rivers and large lakes due to dissolution, migration and accumulation of chemicals in the proper water intake areas, in background and in control points of water bodies. Since monitoring of the surface waters and of the bottom sediments is a part of the complex geoecological monitoring, it is necessary to reflect the feasibility of the work and, accordingly, its objectivity. In addition, results should be reliable and complete, and information received during the observations should be presented in a manner that is convenient for the consumer, which requires additional steps of systematization of the information obtained, data processing and formation of the information banks. When designing a network of monitoring points in the study area, we should follow the same principle that is used for determination of sustainability category of geoecological systems: with other identical conditions, monitoring points should be located in places characterized by low levels of stability and within the zones of exposure to high environmental risk objects.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

Fluctuations of Annual Precipitation and Water Resources Quality in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
◽  
John Harrington JR ◽  
Yulia Melnyk ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Regional Trends

The article focuses on examining the influence of fluctuations in annual precipitation amount on the quality of surface waters. Water quality was estimated with data on BOD, COD and phosphate–ion concentration within five selected regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the precipitation data (1991 – 2010) showed different regional trends. Using the statistics, determination of the interconnection between precipitation amount and water resources quality were done. The obtained regularities and associated uncertainties can be used for prediction of changes in water resource quality and as a guide for future adaptation to possible climate change.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Actual issues of hygienic regulation and creation of safe working conditions at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 640-644
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Vasilkevich ◽  
Ruslan V. Bogdanov ◽  
Elena V. Drozdova
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Safe Working

Introduction. The working conditions of pharmaceutical industry workers are characterized by the combined effect of unfavorable factors of the production environment, among which the leading one is chemical. The aim of study is to substantiate the basic principles and criteria for hygienic regulation of pharmaceutical products in their production to ensure safe working conditions for employees based on the results of their own research and existing requirements of technical regulations. Materials and methods. Analysis of working conditions and the prevalence of health disorders in pharmaceutical workers (according to literature data), toxicological studies of pharmaceutical substances on laboratory animals, scientific justification of hygiene standards in the air of the working area. Results. Among employees of the pharmaceutical industry, the predominant forms of production-related health disorders are diseases of the respiratory system, as well as skin dermatitis of allergic origin, liver and biliary tract diseases. Based on the results of experimental studies of domestic pharmaceutical products for the treatment of cardiovascular, oncological and mental diseases that have priority socio-economic significance, the basic principles and features of the practice of justifying the hygienic standards of medicines in the air of the working area are developed and systematized. Conclusions. During hygienic rationing of medicines, it is necessary to use a differentiated approach that allows, based on the analysis of information about the chemical structure, physical and chemical characteristics, production conditions, pharmacotherapeutic activity, and the results of studying the toxic effect in an experiment on laboratory animals, to determine the maximum permissible content in the air of the working area of medicines or to justify the prohibition of isolation with reasoned recommendations for their safe production.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

An insight into the determination of size and number concentration of silver nanoparticles in blood using single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS): Feasibility of application to samples relevant to in vivo toxicology studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Abad-Álvaro ◽  
Diego Leite ◽  
Dorota Bartczak ◽  
Susana Cuello ◽  
Beatriz Gomez-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Toxicological studies concerning nanomaterials in complex biological matrices usually require a carefully designed workflow that involves handling, transportation and preparation of a large number of samples without affecting the nanoparticle...

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