scholarly journals Economic Implications of Anthropogenic Water Pollution ( by Using Pechenizky Reservoir as an Example)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Test Organisms

Purpose. The purpose is to study and analyse up-to-date publications related to the study of pollution of water bodies by organic and inorganic substances, which deals with the correlation of fish productivity reduction due to the fodder organisms death. Based on the experimental studies results on the anthropogenic pollution impact on the livelihoods of fodder organisms, we have calculated the losses caused by water body pollution by using the indicator of bioproductivity decrease (using the Pechenizky reservoir as an example). Methods. To obtain data for calculating the damage caused to the Pechenizky reservoir by using the commercial fish catches indicator that use zooplankton and zoobenthos as natural feeds, we have performed toxicological study of water samples that were selected on four different hydrographic and morphological features of the Pechenizky reservoir. Biotesting of water samples was carried out by using zooplankton (Daphnia Magna Straus) and zoobenthos - insect larvae (Chironomus dorsalis Meig.) as a test-organisms for fodder organisms for fish. Results. The potential causes and consequences of the reduction of the natural forage base for the ichthyofauna are identified by ecological and toxicological assessment of the level of danger of the habitat of the main species of fodder organisms - zooplankton and zoobenthos representatives. The damages caused to Pechenizky reservoir by the indicator of reduction of catches of three species of fish (carp, bream, crucian carp) as a result of the fodder organisms death and the size of the damage to the Pechenizky reservoir by the indicator of reduction of catches of commodity fish (in value form) were calculated. Conclusions. It is shown that as a result of pollution of the reservoir, heavy metals accumulation in fodder organisms is observed and there is a chronic cumulative toxicosis, which leads to their death. In this connection, one of the main factors of reducing the catch of such species of fish as crucian carp, carp, bream and others, is the reduction of fodder organisms biomass, in particular, zooplankton and zoobenthos representatives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Economic Consequences of Anthropogenic Pollution of Water Objects (On the Example of Vyalivsky Reservoir

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Purpose. Eco-toxicological assessment of surface water and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir and based on the results of experimental studies on the influence of anthropogenic pollution on the livelihoods of fodder organisms, to calculate the damage caused to water bodies by the indicator of decrease of bio-productivity on the example of Vyalivsky reservoir. Methods. Biotesting of water samples was carried out using zooplankton (Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg) and zoobenthos - insect larvae (Chironomus dorsalis Meig.) as a test facility for fodder organisms for fish. For estimation of losses caused for Vyalivsky reservoir we used methodology for calculating the amount of compensation for damage caused to the fishery as a result of violations of legislation on the protection, use and reproduction of aquatic biological resources. Results According to the results of determination of the toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments, damages caused to Vyalivsky reservoir were calculated on the indicator of decrease in fish productivity as a result of the death of fodder organisms for fish. Conclusions The toxicological studies of surface waters and bottom sediments of Vyalivsky reservoir have revealed the presence of toxic properties of the investigated objects, which may result in the reduction of biomass of fodder organisms of aboriginal species of fish in a given reservoir.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF A SCINTILLATION GAMMA-SPECTROMETER FOR DETERMINATION OF RADON CONTENT IN WATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
D.А. Hakimov ◽  
I.V. Zhuk ◽  
M.K. Kievets
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Scintillation Gamma ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Measurable Activity ◽  
Measurement Geometry ◽  
Radon Content

Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the sensitivity of a mobile scintillation gamma-spectrometer to radon-222 in mineral water samples for the selected measurement geometry and the minimum measurable activity of radon-222 in such samples. The measurement results of radon content in mineral water samples obtained using such gamma-spectrometer are presented too.

Hydraulic characteristics and calculation of the innovative systems of surface runoff disposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Брянская ◽  
А.Э. Тен ◽  
Н.Т. Джумагулова ◽  
Г.Н. Громов
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Selection Of

В условиях интенсивного развития новых отечественных и зарубежных технологий, материалов и оборудования, применяемых для защиты окружающей природной среды от загрязнений техногенного происхождения, особую актуальность приобретают разработки новых систем отвода и очистки поверхностных сточных вод. Эти системы позволяют использовать последние достижения отраслевой науки и оптимизировать алгоритм выполнения операций и практических приемов их гидравлического расчета. Примером является инновационная система отвода поверхностных сточных вод АСО Qmax, которая относится к открытой системе каналов (лотков) для сбора и отведения поверхностных сточных вод, формирующихся при выпадении атмосферных осадков. Однако широкому применению данного вида конструкций в России препятствует отсутствие методики их гидравлического расчета, в том числе таблиц для подбора сечений (диаметров) каналов, которая бы удовлетворяла требованиям российской нормативно-методической базы проектирования систем отведения поверхностных сточных вод. В этой связи предметом данной статьи явилась оценка гидравлических характеристик трубопроводов, каналов (лотков) системы водоотвода АСО Qmax. Приведены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований гидравлических характеристик системы АСО Qmaxс учетом адаптации для российских условий и нормативных требований, а также обоснование рекомендуемых параметров для их использования. In the context of the intensive development of new domestic and foreign technologies, materials and equipment used to protect the environment from anthropogenic pollution, the development of advanced systems for surface runoff removal and treatment is of special actuality. These systems provide for using the latest achievements of the sectoral science and optimizing the algorithm for performing operations and practical methods for the hydraulic calculations. An example of the innovative surface runoff disposal system is ASO Qmax, that refers to an open system of channels for the collection and disposal of surface runoff formed during precipitation. However, the widespread use of these facilities in Russia is hampered by the lack of a method for the hydraulic calculations, including tables for the selection of cross-sections (diameters) of channels that meet the requirements of the Russian guidelines and regulations for the design of surface runoff disposal systems. In this regard, the subject of this paper is the estimation of the hydraulic characteristics of pipelines, channels of ASO Qmax drainage system. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the hydraulic characteristics of ASO Qmax system with account of the adaptation for the Russian conditions and regulatory requirements, as well as the justification of the recommended parameters for their use are presented.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Roundhill Landfill Vicinity of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211987277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate

Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.

scholarly journals Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius) Strongly Affect C/N/P Stoichiometry of Suspended Particulate Matter in Shallow Warm Water Eutrophic Lakes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu He ◽  
Yanqing Han ◽  
Qisheng Li ◽  
Erik Jeppesen ◽  
Kuanyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Crucian Carp Carassius Carassius

Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is a key fish species in most Chinese subtropical and tropical shallow lakes. Through sediment feeding, crucian carp could greatly change water turbidity and nutrient levels, as well as the abundance of herbivorous consumers, which may have important influences on seston element stoichiometry. However, so far, experimental studies on this topic are lacking. We conducted a 36-day mesocosm experiment to explore the effects of crucian carp on water physicochemical and biological properties, and C/N/P ratios in suspended particulate matter (SPM) under eutrophic conditions. Our results provided three major findings: (1) Crucian carp resuspended sediments and along with them, reduced light penetration and lower light/total phosphorus (TP) ratios. (2) Crucian carp reduced biomasses of both zooplankton and macrozoobenthos, whereas their effect on phytoplankton was weak, potentially because of resuspension-induced light limitation. (3) Both C/P and N/P ratios in SPM were significant lower in mesocosms with crucian carp than in fish-free controls, which may be attributed to the high contribution of P-rich sediments and low light to nutrient supply caused by fish-induced resuspension. Our results suggest that besides planktivorous fish, benthivore (e.g., crucian carp) in warm shallow waters could also affect pelagic C/N/P stoichiometry via sediment feeding, which may further influence energy transfer efficiency in lake food chain.

scholarly journals Genetically modified foods, science, consumers and the media

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Gm Crop ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Gm Foods ◽  
Wide Range

In contrast to the situation in the USA, where a wide range of genetically modified (GM) foods is available, in Europe very few GM products have been approved for marketing as foods, and there is widespread public concern about their safety and environmental impact. The marketing of a GM crop for food use in Europe falls under the EC novel foods regulations, and applications require the submission of an extensive dossier of information. The safety evaluation of GM foods presents considerable problems both in the conduct and interpretation of experimental studies, because conventional toxicity tests used in the evaluation of simple chemicals may not be appropriate for whole foods. To rationalise the safety evaluation process and to circumvent the difficulties in toxicological assessment of food materials, the concept of substantial equivalence has been developed. The concept is that if it can be demonstrated that the novel food is essentially similar to its conventional counterpart in terms of critical nutritional or anutritional components, then it is likely to be no more or less toxic than the latter. The possible introduction of unintended effects by the genetic modification process is particularly problematic for the safety evaluation process. The new genomic and post-genomic techniques are potentially valuable in the safety evaluation of GM foods, although they are as yet in their infancy.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on the Flameproofing Efficiency of Some Inorganic Substances upon the Inflammation of Wood and Fibrous Materials

Helix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Olga A. Ivchenko ◽  
Kirill E. Pankin ◽  
Elena V. Kusmartseva ◽  
Sergey A. Anisimov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Tutin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Inorganic Substances

ASSESSMENT OF BIOINDICATORS OF HOMEOSTASIS CONSTANTS REPAIRING STURGEON FISH STUFF

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Aliya Akhmedzhanova ◽  
Sergey Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Age Replacement ◽  
Sturgeon Fish

More recently, sturgeon fish were classified as a national treasure of our country, since among the world's reserves, Russia accounted for up to 90%. Nevertheless, over the past 10-15 years there has been a catastrophic decline in sturgeon stocks in almost all water bodies of the country. The main reason for the widespread landslide decline in stocks of sturgeon fish is the excess of the withdrawal over the recruitment of generations. In conditions of anthropogenic pollution of water bodies, the creation of sturgeon broodstock using industrial methods of rearing is a way to preserve the gene pool of these most valuable representatives of the world ichthyofauna and obtain seedlings for commercial fish farming. In connection with the use of industrial methods of fish rearing, the need for their physiological control increases. One of the sensitive methods that allows you to quickly and accurately establish the physiological state of fish, as well as assess the conditions for their cultivation, is the physiological-biochemical, hematological method, the leukocyte formula, since blood is a polyfunctional system of the body that dynamically responds to all changes, both internal and external. Wednesday. The aim of the study is to determine the boundaries of the reference values in terms of physiological, biochemical, hematological indicators, as well as the leukocyte formula in aquatic organisms of different-age replacement broodstock of sterlet and the quality of conditions for its cultivation in the conditions of the cage complex.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Aitta ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Tarek Alshaal ◽  
Ahmed El-Henawy ◽  
Mohamed Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Dredged Materials ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Soil Trace Elements

The pollution of agricultural soils, water and plants by trace elements (TEs) in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt, is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of some TEs in the agricultural area adjacent to Kitchener Drain and to evaluate the ecological risk posed by these elements using six indices. Soil and plant samples were collected from seven sites close to the drain, while water samples were collected from the corresponding sites inside the drain during three seasons (winter, spring and fall). The results showed that all studied TEs in the soil varied seasonally and spatially among the locations around the drain. Most of the studied elements in the soil were higher in the southern and middle area around the drain. All studied elements in the soil were also higher in the winter than other seasons. Nickel and lead were almost non-detected during all seasons in plant tissues, while other elements were higher in the winter than other seasons. In contrast to the soil and plant tissues, water samples demonstrated lower or non-detected levels of TEs. The results also indicated that the values for the risk assessment indices differed among the studied TEs. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the concentration of some metals in the study area due to anthropogenic pollution from the adjacent polluted drain through irrigation with contaminated water and spreading of contaminated dredged materials on agricultural fields.

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