scholarly journals Estimation of Environmental Risk when Eating Raw and Boiled Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All

The risk to human health due the consumption of vegetables is based on the characterization of harmful effects that can develop in the human body in case of the long-term eating of these products. At the same time, when people consume vegetables, it is possible to reduce their content of pollutants by heat treatment, for example, cooking. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the risk that occurs when eating raw and boiled vegetables. Purpose. Determination of environmental risk from the eating of vegetables (carrots and potatoes) with high concentrations of chemical elements and the ability to reduce them in case of boiling. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, statistical methods were used. Results. On the basis of field-based research, the content of heavy metals - lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron and nitrates in cooked and raw carrots and potatoes - was determined on the farmland located in Shevchenkovo settlement of the Kharkiv region and laboratory studies. It turned out that virtually all metals concentrations do not have excessived MAC. To determine the level of influence of cooking on the fruit the relative content of heavy metals before and after cooking were researched. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the coefficients of concentration of heavy metals in plant products were calculated and the environmental risk from the consumption of vegetables in food was calculated. When comparing all risk agents among themselves by hazard ratios, the predominance of nitrates and cadmium in all samples was detected. It should also be noted that there is a high risk of lead, copper and iron found in carrots. Comparison of test objects with the overall environmental risk for health from their use showed that the highest risk is crude carrots, and the lowest - potatoes are cooked. Heat treatment of carrots reduces the overall risk by only 25%, and potato - by 40%. Conclusions. It is established that after heat treatment almost all substances are partially derived from vegetables. Analysis of the changes occurring in potatoes and carrots after cooking indicates a reduction in the risk of the disease. The risk of the onset of diseases in virtually all organs is highest when carrots are consumed raw.

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Tembaga (Cu) Pada Akar Dan Buah Mangrove Avicennia marina Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Almost All

Perairan Tanjung Emas merupakan salah satu kawasan pesisir yang dekat dengan aktivitas pelabuhan, industri, dan pemukiman penduduk. Tingginya aktivitas di kawasan Tanjung Emas diduga mengalirkan berbagai limbah yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran, antara lainpencemaran oleh logam berat Pb dan Cu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cu dalam air, sedimen, akar, dan buah mangrove Avicennia marinaserta untuk mengetahui tingkat akumulasi terhadap logam-logam tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Kemudian logam berat dianalisis menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cu di perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang menunjukkan pencemaran berat karena sudah melebihi batas ambang yang ditentukan yaitu masing-masing 0,01-0,06 mg/L (Pb) dan 0,004-0,14 mg/L (Cu). Kandungan Cu pada sedimen sebesar 1,236-3,212 mg/kg; Cu pada akar2,104-2,529 mg/kg; dan Cu pada buah A. marina 1,640-4,336 mg/kg.Hampir semua hasil ini lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kandungan Pb pada sedimen 0,251-0,507 mg/kg; Pb pada akar 0,732-1,625 mg/kg; dan Pb pada buah A. marina 0,114-0,345 mg/kg.BCF akar tertinggi ditemukan pada logam Pb yaitu 1,443-6,474 dan TF buah tertinggi ditemukan pada logam Cu yakni 0,674-1,714.Kata Kunci : Logam Berat Pb dan Cu, kolom air,sedimen, akar dan buah A.marina, BCF dan TF A. marina.Tanjung Emas waters were one of the coastal areas near that port activities, industries, and residential areas. The high activities in the area of Tanjung Emas allegedly flowed various wastes that can cause pollution, that is heavy metal Pb and Cu. The aim of this research was to determine the content of heavy metals Pb and Cu in the waters, sediment, roots, and fruits of the mangrove Avicennia marina as well as to determine the level of accumulation for these metals. The method that was used in this research was descriptive method and the determination of the location of research area used purposive sampling method. Then, heavy metals were analysedusing AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The results showed that the content of heavy metals Pb and Cu in the waters of Tanjung Emas Semarang showed heavy contamination because it exceeds thespecifiedthreshold is 0,01-0,06 mg/L (Pb) and 0,004-0,14 mg/L (Cu). The content of Cu in the sediments was 1,236-3,212 mg/kg; Cucontentat the root was 2,104-2,529 mg/kg; and Cu content in fruits of mangrove A. marina is 1,640-4,336 mg/kg. Almost all of these results was higher when compared with the content of Pb in sediments is 0,251-0,507 mg/kg; Pb at the root is 0,732-1,625 mg/kg; and Pb in A. marina fruits is 0,114-0,345 mg/kg. The BCF highest root was found in Pb is 1,443-6,474 and TF highest fruits found on the committal was 0,674-1,714.Keywords : Heavy Metal Pb and Cu, in waters, Sediment, Roots and Fruit of A. marina, BCF and TFA. marina

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Mikhailova ◽  
M. A. Solodukhina ◽  
O. G. Alekseeva ◽  
N. M. Burlaka ◽  
S. E. Lapa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Mining Areas

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.

Partial dissociation of nitrogen aggregates in diamond by high temperature-high pressure treatments

1978 ◽  
Vol 361 (1704) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relation ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Type I ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Partial Dissociation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Type I (a) diamonds contain high concentrations of nitrogen, almost all of which is in an aggregated form. The two main aggregates are recognized by characteristic absorption features in the infrared region of the spectrum. These are called A and B features; usually a peak designated B' is also present. When such diamonds were heated at 1960 °C and above under a stabilizing pressure of 85kbar (8.5 GPa) the nitrogen aggregates partially dissociated, producing single substitutional atoms which were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.) measurements. Experiments with selected diamonds, showing wide variations in their characteristic infrared absorption, determined the relative stability of the A and B centres. Optical measurements led to the determination of a general relation between the strengths of the A, B and B' features. The experimental observations suggest a scheme for the occurrence of type I (a) diamonds containing nitrogen atoms which have aggregated into A centres; type I (b) diamonds can also be included in this scheme.

Determination of Molybdenum in Fertilizers by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1273
Author(s):  
William L Hoover ◽  
Sonja C Dtjren
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Alcohol Fraction ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract A procedure for determining low levels of molybdenum in fertilizers by atomic absorption is proposed. With potassium thiocyanate as complexing agent, molybdenum is extracted in an isoamyl alcohol fraction to separate the fraction containing molybdenum from the water-soluble fraction containing materials that would interfere in the atomic absorption procedure. However, the procedure cannot be used with samples that have high concentrations of iron. Tests on the recovery of molybdenum in four fertilizers indicate that the procedure is reliable to levels as low as 2.5 ppm of molybdenum

Detection and elimination of contaminations interfering with the determination of zinc in plasma.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
E W Reimold ◽  
D J Besch
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Zinc Contamination ◽  
Normal Adults

Abstract We undertook detailed examination of the practices and procedures involved in the analysis of serum for zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, to identify possible sources of zinc contamination. Some degree of contamination was found in almost all steps of the procedure. These findings are presented and alternative materials and procedures are described that significantly decrease or eliminate contamination from extraneous zinc. The plasma of 76 normal adults was analyzed by the revised procedure, and a lower mean value was obtained than has been previously reported.

Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Whole Fish by Continuous-Flow Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-486
Author(s):  
William G Brumbaugh ◽  
Michael J Walther
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption Determination ◽  
Absorption Determination ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract A combined wet chemical and dry ash digestion and use of a continuous- flow hydride generator coupled with a flame-heated quartz cell enabled the simple, precise, and highly automated atomic absorption determination of arsenic and selenium in tissues of whole fish. Percent relative standard deviation averaged 4% for each element; method detection limits (μg/g dry wt) were about 0.06 for arsenic and 0.04 for selenium. Digestion of samples proceeded with little operator attention and without perchloric acid. Analysis for arsenic as As(V) simplified sample preparation but care had to be exercised to avoid interferences from high concentrations of selenium.

Co-precipitation of Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in industrial wastewater and sediment samples with copper(II) cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Rotimi Ipeaiyeda ◽  
Adekunle Johnson Odola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Co Precipitation

A co-precipitation technique for nickel(II), chromium(II), manganese(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) with the aid of copper(II) cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate was established. The influences of some analytical parameters such as pH, sample volume, amounts of cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate and copper(II) on the recovery of metal ions were investigated. The heavy metals in the precipitate were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The range of detection limits for the heavy metals was 0.003–0.005 mg/L. The atomic spectrometric technique with co-precipitation procedure was successfully applied for the determination of Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in industrial wastewater and sediment samples from Ladipo stream in Lagos, Nigeria. The mean concentrations for these metals using co-precipitation procedure were not significantly different from corresponding concentrations obtained using spectrometric techniques without co-precipitation procedure.

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